Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry: drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Springer
2008
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Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXX, 546 S. |
ISBN: | 9780826129345 082612934X |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry |b drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |c Peter R. Breggin |
246 | 1 | |a Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry | |
250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b Springer |c 2008 | |
300 | |a XXX, 546 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
Preface: A Word About Words xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Introduction: Confirming the Science Behind the First Edition xxvii
A Thorough Update of the Science xxvii
Growing Confirmation of
the Previous Edition xxviii
Confirming the Longer View Starting in 1983 xxviii
The Situation in Psychiatry Worsens xxix
Chapter 1 The Brain-Disabling, Spellbinding Effects
of Psychiatric Drugs 1
The Basic Four Brain-Disabling Principles 2
Illustrative Research Confirming the Basic Four
Brain-Disabling Principles 4
Six Additional Brain-Disabling Principles 7
The Biological Basis of Medication
Spellbinding 12
Psychological Influences on Medication
Spellbinding 14
Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial
in Authoritarian Psychiatry 14
Relationship Between Medication Spellbinding
and Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial 15
Mental and Emotional Suffering Routinely
Treated With Biopsychiatric Interventions
Have No Known Genetic or Biological Cause 16
Conclusion 19
ix
x CONTENTS
Chapter 2 Deactivation Syndrome (Chemical Lobotomy)
Caused by Neuroleptics 21
The Myth That Atypical Antipsychotic
Drugs Are Weaker D2 Blockers 22
Examples of Differences Among
Atypical Neuroleptics 26
Clozapine (Clozaril) 26
Risperidone (Risperdal) 28
Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention
Effectiveness (CATIE) 19
Deactivation Syndrome 32
Deactivation and Medication Spellbinding 33
The Anatomy of Deactivation 34
Lobotomy-Like Neuroleptic Effects 34
Atypical Neuroleptics 37
Social Control With Antipsychotic Drugs 37
Suppression of Nursing Home Inmates 37
Deactivating People and Animals in
Varied Settings 38
The Unique Function of the Brain 40
Chapter 3 Neuroleptic-Induced Anguish, Including
Agitation, Despair, and Depression 43
Resistance to Treatment 44
Acute Dystonic Reactions 45
Despair in Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism 46
Parkinsonism as an Aspect
of Brain-Disabling Therapy 48
Anguish in Akathisia 48
Neuroleptic-Induced Depression and Suicidality 51
Risks Associated With Atypical
Antipsychotic Drugs 52
The Issue of Coercion 53
Chapter 4 Severe and Potentially Irreversible Neurological
Syndromes (Tardive Dyskinesia and Neuroleptic
Malignant Syndrome) Caused by Neuroleptics 55
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) 56
Clinical Manifestations of TD 56
TD Rates 57
Atypical Neuroleptics Cause TD in Adults 58
Atypical Neuroleptics Cause TD in Children 60
History of TD 61
CONTENTS xi
Masking the Symptoms of TD With
Continued Neuroleptic Treatment 61
Extrapyramidal Symptoms As Predictors
of Future TD 62
The Elderly and Other Vulnerable Populations 63
Relapse, Exacerbation, and Delayed
Onset After Termination 65
Reversibility Is Rare 66
Physician and Patient Denial of TD 67
The Size of the Epidemic 67
Tardive Dystonia 68
Tardive Akathisia 70
Complications of Tardive Disorders 71
Physical Exhaustion 72
Psychological Suffering 72
Neuroleptic Withdrawal Symptoms 73
Are Neuroleptics Addictive? 73
Other Adverse Reactions 74
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 75
Biological Basis of Neuroleptic-Induced
Neurological Syndromes 78
Children and Neuroleptics 79
Treating Childhood Tourette s
With Neuroleptics 80
The Food and Drug Administration Opens
the TD and NMS Floodgates for Children 81
Hurrying Death 82
Conclusion 84
Chapter 5 Neuroleptic-Induced Neurotoxicity, Brain
Damage, Persistent Cognitive Deficits,
Dementia, and Psychosis 85
Demonstrating Neuroleptic-Induced
Brain Damage and Cell Death 85
PET Scans 90
MRI 92
CT Scans and Neuropsychological Correlations 93
Correlating Tardive Dyskinesias (TD)
With Brain Damage and Dementia 94
Summary of Brain Study Data 94
Rates of Tardive Dementia Based on
Brain Scans 94
xii CONTENTS
Clinical Evidence 95
Early Correlations Between TD
and Cognitive Dysfunction 95
Tardive Dysmentia and Tardive Dementia 95
A Serendipitous Finding of
Neuroleptic-Induced Generalized
Cognitive Dysfunction 97
Neuroleptic-Induced Mental and Behavioral
Deterioration in Children 98
Denial of Symptoms in TD Patients
As a Symptom of Cognitive Dysfunction 98
Permanent Lobotomy or Deactivation 100
Tardive Psychosis in Neuroleptic-Treated
Patients 100
Psychiatry Avoids Facing Tardive Psychosis 101
Tardive Akathisia and Cognitive Deficits 103
Human and Animal Autopsy Studies 103
Animal Autopsy Studies of
Neuroleptic-Induced Brain Damage 103
Human Autopsy Evidence for
Neuroleptic-Induced Brain Damage 104
Lessons of Lethargic Encephalitis 104
Can Schizophrenia Cause Dementia? 107
Psychiatric Denial of Neuroleptic-Induced
Dementia 110
Drugs to Treat Acute Extrapyramidal Side
Effects 111
Withdrawal Problems and Informed Consent 111
Conclusion 112
Chapter 6 Recent Developments in Antidepressant
Label Changes 115
Warning Signs From the Beginning 116
The Class of SSRIs 117
FDA Finds Increased Suicidality in
Children Exposed to Antidepressants 118
Easy to Show Serious Adverse Effects;
Difficult to Show Efficacy 119
Recent FDA Admissions and Warnings 120
The Final Class Label on Suicidality
in Children and Adolescents 121
The Stimulant Syndrome 122
CONTENTS xiii
The New FDA Medication Guide 123
The FDA s Final Word on
Antidepressant-Induced Suicidality
in Children 124
No Completed Suicides in the Clinical Trials 124
Canadian and British Regulatory Warnings 125
Expanding the Suicide Warning
to Young Adults 126
The FDA Helps Out the Drug Companies 128
Paxil Is the Most Dangerous for Adults 129
The Real-Life Risk Is Much Greater
Than Described 129
The Psychopharmaceutical Complex Responds 130
The American College of
Neuropsychopharmacology 130
The American Psychiatric Association 132
Antidepressants Lack Efficacy in Children 133
So-Called Alternative Treatments 135
Conclusion 135
Chapter 7 Antidepressant-Induced Mental, Behavioral,
and Cerebral Abnormalities 137
The Risk of Agitated Depression 139
Similarity of Adverse Drug Reaction
Patterns Among SSRIs 140
Studies Related to SSRI-Induced Depression
and Suicidality in Adults 141
Epidemiological Studies and Clinical
Trials of SSRI-Induced Depression
and Suicidality in Adults 141
Coroner Studies of Adult Suicidality 145
NIMH Confirms That SSRIs
Cause Suicidality 145
Case Reports of Mania, Violence,
and Suicide in Adults 145
Case Reports of SSRI-Induced Akathisia,
Suicidality, and Aggression in Adults 148
Case Reports of SSRI-Induced Obsessive
Suicidality and Aggression in Adults 151
SSRI-Induced Apathy Syndrome in Adults 152
Identifying Antidepressant-Induced Compulsive
Violence and Suicidality in Adults and Children 154
xiv CONTENTS
Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials of
SSRI-Induced Mania and Aggression in Adults 155
Studies of Antidepressant-Induced
Aggression in Adults 155
Antidepressant-Induced Mania
in Nonbipolar Adult Patients 157
Manic Conversion (Switching)
in Adult Bipolar Patients 160
Comparing Antidepressant-Induced Mania
and Spontaneous Mania 161
Antidepressant-Induced Mania Described
in Two Standard Sources 162
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders 162
Practice Guidelines for Major Depressive
Disorder in Adults 164
Studies Related to SSRI-Induced
Abnormal Behavior in Children 165
Clinical Case Studies Involving Children 165
Epidemiological Studies and
Clinical Trials Involving Children 167
Antidepressant-Induced Apathy in Children 170
Do Antidepressants Work at All? 172
The Elderly 173
Professional Reactions 174
Underlying Antidepressant-Induced
Brain Damage and Dysfunction 174
Permanent Neurological Adverse Effects 174
The Brain Resists the Impact of SSRIs 175
Causing Brain Dysfunction
and Shrinkage 178
Older Antidepressants 180
Tricyclic Antidepressants and the
Brain-Disabling Principle 182
Tricyclics: More Cause Than Cure
for Suicidality? 183
Other Antidepressants 183
Antidepressant Withdrawal Reactions,
Including Mania 184
My Clinical and Forensic Experience 186
Discussion: The Drug Made Me Do It 186
What Do the Specialists Know? 189
Conclusion 190
CONTENTS xv
Chapter 8 Lithium and Other Drugs for Bipolar Disorder 193
Claims of Lithium Specificity for Mania 193
Brain-Disabling Effects on Animals,
Infants, Patients, and Volunteers 194
Subduing Effects on Animals 194
Subduing Effects on Normal Infants 195
Disabling Effects on Normal Volunteers 196
Turning Down the Dial of Life 200
Crushing Creativity 201
Cade Supports the Brain-Disabling Hypothesis 202
Spellbinding and Iatrogenic Helplessness
and Denial 203
Toxicity to the Central Nervous System 203
The Production of Cognitive Deficits 203
Acute Organic Brain Syndromes 204
SILENT: Irreversible Lithium-Induced
Neurotoxicity 204
Neurotoxic Effects in Low-Dosage
Maintenance Therapy 205
Abnormal Brain Waves Produced
by Routine Lithium Therapy 205
Lithium Disruption of the Compromised Brain 206
Brain Damage As Treatment 206
General Toxicity to Neurons
and Other Cells 206
The Protective and Therapeutic Effects of
Poisoning Brain Cells 207
The Relative Ineffectiveness of Lithium
in Acute Mania 210
How Effective Is Lithium in Preventing
the Recurrence of Manic Episodes? 210
Mania and Depression As Lithium
Withdrawal Reactions 211
Other Adverse Reactions to Lithium Withdrawal 212
Lithium in Your Drinking Water 212
Other So-Called Mood Stabilizers 213
Why So Many Bipolar Patients? 214
Conclusion 215
Chapter 9 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
for Depression 217
A Life Destroyed by ECT 218
xvi CONTENTS
Breaking News in ECT Research: Shock
Treatment Causes Irreversible Brain
Damage and Dysfunction 221
Still Avoiding the Facts 222
More Breaking News in ECT Research:
Shock Treatment Causes Suicide 223
Additional Breaking News: ECT Is Ineffective 225
Another Dramatic Event in the World
of Shock Treatment 226
The Food and Drug Administration and ECT 227
The Politics of the 1990 American
Psychiatric Association Report 228
ECT, Women, and Memory Loss 229
ECT and the Elderly 230
Brain Injury by Electroshock 232
The Production of Delirium
(Acute Organic Brain Syndrome) 232
ECT As Closed-Head Electrical Injury 233
Death, Suicide, and Autopsy Findings 234
Memory Deficits 234
Studies of Brain Damage From ECT 237
Brain Scans 241
Modified ECT 242
The Brain-Disabling Principle 244
Iatrogenic Helplessness and Denial,
and Spellbinding 246
A Long Controversy Surrounding ECT 246
The Need to Ban ECT 249
Conclusion 250
Chapter 10 From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) to Bipolar Disorder:
Diagnosing America s Children 253
The ADHD/Stimulant Market 256
Shifting Patterns of Use in the United States 256
The Worldwide Market 257
The ADHD Diagnosis 258
Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in Children 259
How Doctors Learn to Diagnose
and Medicate So-Called Bipolar Children 259
Developing Guidelines for
Medicating Children 260
Public Backlash 262
CONTENTS xvii
Growing Concerns About Adverse Effects 263
Ramifications of the ADHD Diagnosis 264
Destructive Behavior Disorders 264
ADD Criteria 264
Russell Barkley: Rationalizing
Oppressive Control 265
A Disease That Goes Away With Attention 266
ADD and TADD 267
Critiques of ADHD 269
Comorbidity and Misguided Diagnoses 270
The Supposed Physical Basis for ADHD 271
ADHD: An American Disease?
A Boy s Disease 272
CHADD: A Drug Company Advocate 272
The Power Base of the Parent Groups 273
On-the-Spot Diagnosis 275
Mental Health Screening in Schools:
The Latest Threat 275
Moral, Psychological, and Social Harm 276
Like Shining Stars 278
Chapter 11 Stimulant-Induced Brain Damage, Brain
Dysfunction, and Psychiatric
Adverse Reactions 283
An Ineffective Treatment 284
A Wide Variety of Adverse Effects 286
More Extreme Intoxication Reactions 293
Atomoxetine (Strattera) 295
Strattera-Induced Suicidality 295
The Food and Drug Administration Continues
to Minimize the Risks of Stimulants 296
Once Again, Too Little, Too Late 298
A Triumph for the American
Psychiatric Association 299
Stimulant Dependence 300
Concern at the Drug Enforcement
Administration 301
Nadine Lambert Studies 303
The Brain-Disabling, Spellbinding
Effects of Stimulants 303
Brain Damage and Dysfunction
Caused by Stimulants 307
Brain Atrophy Caused by Methylphenidate 307
xviii CONTENTS
Gross Brain Dysfunction Caused
by Methylphenidate and Amphetamine 310
Abnormalities of Brain Chemistry
and Microscopic Pathology Caused
by Stimulants 310
The Latest Ominous News About Ritalin 313
Developmental Neurotoxicity 315
Growth Suppression Caused by Stimulants 315
Conclusion 316
Chapter 12 Antianxiety Drugs, Including Behavioral
Abnormalities Caused by Xanax and Halcion 319
Frontier Research in Anesthesiology Confirms
the Brain-Disabling Principle 319
The Drugs 320
Brain Disability As the Primary Clinical Effect 322
Mechanisms for Producing Behavioral
Abnormalities 323
Adverse Reactions to Benzodiazepines (BZs) 324
The Production of Mania and Rage 325
The Production of Depression and Suicide 326
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral
Abnormalities Caused by Halcion
and Xanax 327
Evidence From the Food and Drug
Administration s Spontaneous
Reporting System 330
American and British Responses Diverge 334
Other Risks in BZ Use 336
BZs As Instruments of Suicide 336
Effects on Sleep and the
Electroencephalogram 337
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders Confirms
BZ-Induced Persistent Amnesia
and Dementia 338
Research Indicating Persistent
Impairment and Dementia
From BZs 339
Other Medications for Sleep 340
Dependence and Withdrawal 341
Conclusion 344
CONTENTS xix
Chapter 13 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
and the National Institute of Mental Health
(NIMH): Drug Company Advocates 347
Gaining Approval to Market the Drug 349
Demonstrating Efficacy Before
the Drug Is Marketed 350
Creating the Label for the Drug 350
Monitoring After Drug Approval 351
Continuing Drug Company Responsibilities 351
Testing Safety Before the Drug Is Marketed 352
More Subtle Difficulties in Evaluating
Clinical Trial Data 356
Other Neglected Areas in the FDA
Approval Process 359
The Profit Motive 361
Monitoring Safety After the
Drug Is Marketed 361
The Impact of MedWatch (the Spontaneous
Reporting System) 363
Drawing Scientific Conclusions From
the MedWatch SRS 364
Four Approval System Failures 366
Failure to Recognize Neuroleptic
Malignant Syndrome 366
The FDA Caves In to Industry
on Tardive Dyskinesia 367
Massaged Data: The Prozac Approval Process 369
Falling Behind European Standards: Zoloft 370
NIMH 373
Chapter 14 Drug Company Deceptions 377
Relying on Junk Science 379
Eli Lilly and Prozac 380
Eli Lilly Knew From the Start
That Prozac Acts Like a Stimulant 380
Eli Lilly Successfully Bamboozles
the Legal System 382
Eli Lilly Acknowledges to the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) That
Prozac Frequently Causes Depression 383
Eli Lilly Hides the Implications
of Prozac-Induced Mania 384
xx CONTENTS
Eli Lilly Confirms and Hides Prozac
Overstimulation 384
Hiding the Risk of Prozac-Induced Mania
and Aggression in Children 385
Eli Lilly and the FDA Ignore Reports
of Aggressive Behavior on Prozac 385
Eli Lilly and the FDA Ignore Reports
of Suicidal Behavior on Prozac 386
Eli Lilly Hides Increased Suicidality
on Prozac in Controlled Clinical Trials 386
Eli Lilly Employees Express Shame 388
Adverse Reactions to Prozac
in Eli Lilly s Earliest Research 389
Prozac-Induced Aggression in
Eli Lilly s Earliest Animal Studies 390
British and German Regulatory Authorities
Inquire About Prozac-Induced Stimulation,
Agitation, and Depression 391
Eli Lilly Hides Akathisia 392
Lilly Covers Up Prozac Withdrawal Reactions 393
Similar Drug Approval Problems
With Zoloft and Paxil 394
Prozac Interaction With Monoamine
Oxidase Inhibitors and Tryptophan 394
Prozac in Combination With Tricyclic
Antidepressants 395
Eli Lilly Mired in Controversies With
Life-Threatening Implications 395
Lilly Fights to Hide Data on Deadly
Adverse Drug Effects 398
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Paxil 399
Paxil Overstimulation 399
The Lacuzong Case 400
Paxil and GSK Criticized by Medical Journals
and Foreign Drug Regulatory Agencies 402
The Attorney General of New York State
Takes Action Against GSK and Paxil 403
Britain Takes Action 405
British Psychiatry Versus
American Psychiatry 406
Better Than Nothing? 407
A Final Word on Spellbinding 408
CONTENTS xxi
Chapter 15 How to More Safely Stop Taking
Psychiatric Drugs 411
Basic Principles 412
Special Problems 415
Avoiding Life-Threatening Risks 417
Physical Risks During Withdrawal 417
Withdrawal Symptoms Associated
With Specific Drugs 418
Withdrawal From SSRIs 418
Withdrawal From Tricyclics 419
Withdrawal From Lithium
and Other Mood Stabilizers 419
Withdrawal From Neuroleptics 420
Withdrawal From Stimulants 420
Withdrawal From Benzodiazepines 421
Psychotherapy During Drug Withdrawal 422
Facing the Aftermath of Medication
Spellbinding 423
Celebrating a New Life 423
The Therapist s Healing Presence 424
Chapter 16 Failed Promises, Last Resorts,
and Psychotherapy 425
Actually Talk to Them? 426
An Extensive Literature 427
Psychiatric Drugs As a Last Resort 428
The Surgeon, the Computer Specialist,
and the Psychiatrist 431
The Moral Foundation
of Genuine Psychotherapy 432
My Clinical Practice of Psychiatry
and Psychotherapy 436
The Function of Suffering 437
Drug-Free Therapy 438
20 Guidelines for Treating Deeply
Disturbed Persons 441
Conclusion 457
Appendix: Psychiatric Medications by Category 459
Bibliography 463
Index 527
|
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spelling | Breggin, Peter R. 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)1053062370 aut Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex Peter R. Breggin Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry 2. ed. New York, NY Springer 2008 XXX, 546 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022192855&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Breggin, Peter R. 1936- Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
title | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
title_alt | Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry |
title_auth | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
title_exact_search | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
title_full | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex Peter R. Breggin |
title_fullStr | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex Peter R. Breggin |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex Peter R. Breggin |
title_short | Brain disabling treatments in psychiatry |
title_sort | brain disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs electroshock and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
title_sub | drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022192855&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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