Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics: with 26 tables
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Essentials in ophthalmology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 333 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783540336785 3540336788 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics |b with 26 tables |c ed. Birgit Lorenz ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 333 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145196681658368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | PART I OPTIC NERVE
CHAPTER 1
OPTIC NEURITIS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
EDWARD J. ATKINS, VALERIE BIOUSSE,
NANCY J. NEWMAN
1.1 IDIOPATHIC OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . . .
4
1.1.1 CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME
. .
4
1.1.2 CLINICAL FEATURES
OF ACUTE IDIOPATHIC OPTIC
NEURITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.1.3 EXAMINATION FINDINGS
IN ACUTE IDIOPATHIC OPTIC
NEURITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.2 NATURAL HISTORY OF ACUTE
IDIOPATHIC OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . . .
4
1.2.1 IMPORTANT STUDIES
. . . . . . . . . .
4
1.2.2 VISUAL PROGNOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.2.3 RISK OF RECURRENCE OF OPTIC
NEURITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.2.4 RISK OF DEVELOPING MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.2.5 SEVERITY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
IN PATIENTS PRESENTING
WITH OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . . . . . . .
10
1.3 MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE
IDIOPATHIC OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . .
10
1.3.1 DIAGNOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.3.2 ACUTE
THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
. .
12
1.3.3 CHRONIC
THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
13
1.4 PEDIATRIC OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . . .
14
CHAPTER 2
ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHIES
ANTHONY C. ARNOLD
2.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2.2 ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.2.1 ARTERITIC ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC
OPTIC NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . .
20
2.2.1.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . . .
20
2.2.1.2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.2.1.3 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
. . . . . . .
23
2.2.1.4 CLINICAL COURSE
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
2.2.1.5 DIAGNOSTIC CONFIRMATION
. . . .
23
2.2.1.6 THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
2.2.2 NONARTERITIC ANTERIOR
ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY
(NAION)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.2.2.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . . .
25
2.2.2.2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . .
26
2.2.2.3 RISK FACTORS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.2.2.4 MEDICATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
2.2.2.5 CLINICAL COURSE
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
2.2.2.6 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
. . . . . . .
30
2.2.2.7 THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
2.2.2.8 PREVENTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
2.3 POSTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
CHAPTER 3
OPTIC DISC DRUSEN
FRANCOIS-XAVIER BORRUAT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
3.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
3.3 PATHOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
3.4 OPTIC CANAL SIZE
. . . . . . . . . . . .
39
3.5 ASSOCIATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.5.1 INHERITED RETINAL
DEGENERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.5.2 ANGIOID STREAKS
AND PSEUDOXANTHOMA
ELASTICUM
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.5.3 MISCELLANEOUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
3.6 PARACLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS
. . .
41
3.6.1 B-SCAN ULTRASOUND
. . . . . . . . . .
41
3.6.2 SCANNING LASER
OPHTHALMOSCOPE
. . . . . . . . . . .
41
3.6.3 OPTICAL COHERENCE
TOMOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
3.6.4 SCANNING LASER POLARIMETRY
44
3.6.5 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
44
CONTENTS
* CONTENTS
3.6.6 RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . .
44
3.7 COMPLICATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
3.7.1 VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS
. . . . . . . . .
44
3.7.2 RETINAL
VASCULAR
COMPLICATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
3.7.3 PERIPAPILLARY CHOROIDAL
NEOVASCULARIZATION
. . . . . . . . .
46
3.7.4 ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
3.8 THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
CHAPTER 4
INHERITED OPTIC NEUROPATHIES
MARCELA VOTRUBA
4.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
4.2 PRIMARY INHERITED OPTIC
NEUROPATHIES WITH OCULAR
MANIFESTATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
4.2.1 AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT OPTIC
ATROPHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
4.2.1.1 CLINICAL FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . . .
52
4.2.1.2 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
55
4.2.1.3 HISTOPATHOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . .
55
4.2.1.4 MOLECULAR GENETICS
AND THE GENETIC
HETEROGENEITY OF ADOA
. . . . .
55
4.2.1.5 OPA4 LOCUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
4.2.1.6 OPA3 LOCUS: AUTOSOMAL-
DOMINANT OPTIC ATROPHY
AND CATARACT (ADOAC)
. . . . . .
58
4.2.2 RECESSIVE OPTIC ATROPHY
. . . .
58
4.2.2.1 CLINICAL FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . . .
58
4.2.2.2 OPA5 LOCUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.3 X-LINKED OPTIC ATROPHY
. . . . .
59
4.2.3.1 CLINICAL FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.3.2 OPA2 LOCUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.4 MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE:
LEBER*S HEREDITARY OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.4.1 CLINICAL FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . . .
59
4.2.4.2 FINDINGS IN UNAFFECTED
RELATIVES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
4.2.4.3 SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS
. . . .
60
4.2.4.4 MOLECULAR GENETICS
. . . . . . . . .
61
4.2.4.5 LHON-ASSOCIATED
MITOCHONDRIAL MUTATIONS
. . . .
62
4.2.4.6 GENOTYPE*PHENOTYPE
CORRELATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
4.2.4.7 EVIDENCE FOR AN X-LINKED
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTOR
. . . . . . . .
63
4.2.4.8 THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF LHON
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
4.3 PRIMARY INHERITED OPTIC
NEUROPATHIES WITH
SIGNIFICANT SYSTEMIC
FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
4.3.1 AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT OPTIC
ATROPHY AND NEUROLOGICAL
DEFECTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
4.3.2 AUTOSOMAL-RECESSIVE OPTIC
ATROPHY
*PLUS*
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
4.3.3 COSTEFF*S SYNDROME
. . . . . . . .
64
4.3.4 BEHR*S SYNDROME
. . . . . . . . . . .
64
4.3.5 WOLFRAM SYNDROME,
DIDMOAD
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
4.4 CONCLUSIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
CHAPTER 5
OPTIC NERVE TUMOURS
TIM D. MATTHEWS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
5.1.1 GLIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
5.1.1.1 NF1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
5.1.2 MENINGIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
5.1.2.1 RETINO-CHOROIDAL COLLATERALS
72
5.2 IMAGING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
5.2.1 GLIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
5.2.1.1 TYPICAL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
5.2.1.2 MASQUERADE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
5.2.2 MENINGIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
5.2.2.1 TYPICAL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
5.2.2.2 MASQUERADE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
5.3 MANAGEMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
5.3.1 GLIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
5.3.1.1 PAEDIATRIC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
5.3.1.2 ADULT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
5.3.2 MENINGIOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
5.4 CONCLUSIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
CHAPTER 6
TRAUMATIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY:
RECOMMENDATIONS
AND NEUROPROTECTION
SOLON THANOS, STEPHAN GREWE,
TOBIAS STUPP
6.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
6.1.1 OPTIC NERVE ANATOMY
. . . . . . .
83
6.1.2 TRAUMATIC OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
CONTENTS *I
6.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES
ON TONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
6.3 HISTOPATHOLOGY OF TON
. . . . .
87
6.4 MECHANISMS OF TON-
INDUCED GANGLION CELL DEATH
89
6.5 DIAGNOSIS OF TON
. . . . . . . . . . .
89
6.6 THERAPEUTIC CONCEPTS
OF TON
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.6.1 STEROIDS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.6.2 NEUROPROTECTION
. . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.6.3 SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION
. . . .
91
6.6.4 THE ROLE OF
OPHTHALMOLOGISTS
. . . . . . . . . .
91
6.7 OUTLOOK ON REGENERATION
OF THE OPTIC NERVE
. . . . . . . . . .
92
6.8 CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
. . . . .
93
PART II INVESTIGATIONS
CHAPTER 7
IMAGING THE NERVE FIBER
LAYER AND OPTIC DISC
MARC DINKIN, MICHELLE BANKS,
JOSEPH F. RIZZO III
7.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
7.2 OVERVIEW OF EARLY IMAGING
TECHNIQUES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
7.2.1 OPTIC NERVE HEAD
DRAWINGS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
7.2.2 DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
OF THE NERVE FIBER LAYER
. . . .
100
7.2.3 RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER
PHOTOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
7.2.4 STEREOSCOPIC OPTIC NERVE
HEAD PHOTOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . .
101
7.2.5 OPTIC NERVE HEAD
ANALYZERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
102
7.2.5.1 THE
TOPCON IMAGENET
. . . . .
102
7.2.5.2 THE HUMPHREY RETINAL
ANALYZER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
102
7.2.5.3 THE RODENSTOCK OPTIC NERVE
HEAD ANALYZER
. . . . . . . . . . . .
102
7.2.5.4 THE GLAUCOMA-SCOPE
. . . . . .
103
7.3 MODERN
TECHNIQUES
FOR OPTIC NERVE
AND RETINAL NERVE FIBER
LAYER IMAGING
. . . . . . . . . . . .
103
7.3.1 SCANNING LASER
OPHTHALMOSCOPY
AND
TOMOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . . . .
103
7.3.1.1 THE RODENSTOCK SYSTEM
. . . .
105
7.3.1.2 THE HEIDELBERG LASER
TOMOGRAPHIC SCANNER
. . . . .
105
7.3.1.3 THE ZEISS CONFOCAL SCANNING
LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE
AND
TOPSS*
TOPOGRAPHIC
SCANNING SYSTEM
. . . . . . . . . .
106
7.3.2 THE HEIDELBERG RETINAL
TOMOGRAPH II
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
7.3.3 SCANNING LASER POLARIMETRY
(*GDX*)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
7.3.4 OPTICAL COHERENCE
TOMOGRAPHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
109
7.3.4.1 USING OCT FOR GLAUCOMA
EVALUATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
7.3.4.2 OTHER USES OF OCT
. . . . . . . . .
111
7.3.4.3 ULTRAHIGH-RESOLUTION OCT
(UHR-OCT)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
7.4 IMAGING OF THE OPTIC NERVE
AND ALZHEIMER DISEASE
. . . . .
113
7.5 COMPARING MODALITIES
. . . . .
113
7.5.1 MRI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
7.6 CONCLUSION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
CHAPTER 8
FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
OF THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM:
A REVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDIES
MARK W. GREENLEE, PETER U. TSE
8.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119
8.2 IMAGING THE LATERAL
GENICULATE NUCLEUS
. . . . . . . .
121
8.3 FUNCTIONAL MAPS OF THE
VISUAL FIELD
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
8.4 STRIATE AND EXTRASTRIATE
VISUAL AREAS IN HUMAN
VISUAL
CORTEX (V1,
V2,
V3)
. . . . . . . . .
121
8.5 RECEPTIVE FIELD SIZE
AS A FUNCTION OF RETINAL
ECCENTRICITY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
8.6 ALTERNATIVE METHODS
OF RETINOTOPIC MAPPING
. . . .
124
8.7 COLUMNAR STRUCTURES WITHIN
HUMAN
V1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
8.8 ORIENTATION SPECIFICITY
OF BOLD RESPONSES IN
VISUAL
CORTEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
*II CONTENTS
8.9 VISUAL MAPS OF HIGHER
VISUAL
FUNCTION:
V4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
8.10 VISUAL MAPS OF HIGHER
VISUAL
FUNCTION:
V3A,
V3B AND KO
126
8.11 SEGMENTING EXTRASTRIATE
AREAS AND MT+ INTO
FUNCTIONAL SUBREGIONS
. . . . .
127
8.12 RESPONSES TO OPTIC FLOW
. . .
128
8.13 DISPARITY AND MOTION-IN-
DEPTH STIMULATION
. . . . . . . . .
129
8.14 INTERFACE BETWEEN
VISUAL AND OCULOMOTOR
SYSTEMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
8.15 PARIETAL LOBE MAPS
OF VISUOTOPIC SPACE
. . . . . . . .
130
8.16 WORKING MEMORY FOR
VISUAL
STIMULI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
8.17 ROLE OF V1 IN
VISUAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
132
8.18 SUMMARY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
CHAPTER 9
INVESTIGATING VISUAL FUNCTION
WITH MULTIFOCAL VISUAL EVOKED
POTENTIALS
MICHAEL B. HOFFMANN
9.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
9.2 MULTIFOCAL PRINCIPLE AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIFOCAL
VEPS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
9.2.1 BASICS * MULTIFOCAL
STIMULATION, FIRST-
AND SECOND-ORDER KERNELS
140
9.2.2 STIMULUS DISPLAY FOR MFVEP
RECORDINGS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143
9.2.3 RECORDING MFVEPS
AND PRACTICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
143
9.2.4 DEPENDENCE
OF MFVEPS ON VISUAL CORTEX
MORPHOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
9.3 ASSESSMENT OF MFVEPS
. . . . .
148
9.3.1 RESPONSE MAGNITUDE
. . . . . .
148
9.3.2 RESPONSE LATENCY
. . . . . . . . .
149
9.4 MFVEP INVESTIGATIONS
OF DISEASES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
151
9.4.1 MFVEP IN GLAUCOMA
. . . . . . . .
152
9.4.2 MFVEP IN OPTIC NEURITIS
. . . .
153
9.4.3 MFVEP IN ALBINISM
. . . . . . . . .
154
9.5 CONCLUSION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157
PART III RETINAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 10
AUTOIMMUNE RETINOPATHIES
JENNIFER K. HALL, NICHOLAS J. VOLPE
10.1 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
OVERVIEW
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163
10.2 AUTOIMMUNE RETINOPATHY
OVERVIEW
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
10.3 PARANEOPLASTIC
RETINOPATHIES
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
10.3.1 CANCER-ASSOCIATED
RETINOPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
10.3.1.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
166
10.3.1.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
166
10.3.1.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
166
10.3.1.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
10.3.2 MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED
RETINOPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
10.3.2.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
168
10.3.2.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
168
10.3.2.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
169
10.3.2.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
10.3.3 BILATERAL DIFFUSE UVEAL
MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATION
. .
169
10.3.3.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
170
10.3.3.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
170
10.3.3.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
170
10.3.3.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
10.4 AUTOIMMUNE-
RELATED RETINOPATHY
AND OPTIC NEUROPATHY
. . . . .
171
10.5 ACUTE OUTER
RETINOPATHIES WITH BLIND
SPOT ENLARGEMENT
. . . . . . . . .
172
10.5.1 ACUTE IDIOPATHIC
BLIND SPOT ENLARGEMENT
. . .
173
10.5.1.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
173
10.5.1.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
173
10.5.1.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
173
10.5.1.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
176
10.5.2 MULTIPLE EVANESCENT
WHITE
DOT SYNDROME
. . . . . . . . . . . .
176
10.5.2.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
176
10.5.2.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
176
10.5.2.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
177
10.5.2.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
10.5.3 ACUTE ZONAL OCCULT OUTER
RETINOPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
CONTENTS *III
10.5.3.1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION
. . . . . . .
178
10.5.3.2 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
. . . . . . . . .
178
10.5.3.3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . .
179
10.5.3.4 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
179
10.5.3.5 AZOOR COMPLEX OF DISEASE
179
10.6 SUMMARY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
180
CHAPTER 11
RETINAL RESEARCH: APPLICATION
TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
LUDWIG AIGNER, CLAUDIA KARL
11.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
11.1.1 RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
. . . . . .
185
11.1.2 AGE-RELATED MACULAR
DEGENERATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
186
11.1.3 GLAUCOMA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
186
11.2 CELL DEATH IN THE RETINA
. . . .
186
11.2.1 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
AND PATHWAYS OF APOPTOSIS
187
11.2.1.1 CASPASE-DEPENDENT
APOPTOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187
11.2.1.2 CASPASE-INDEPENDENT
APOPTOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
188
11.3 THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
IN DEGENERATIVE RETINAL
DISEASES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
189
11.3.1 STRATEGIES
FOR NEUROPROTECTION
. . . . . . .
189
11.3.1.1 ANIMAL MODELS IN RETINAL
DEGENERATION RESEARCH
. . . .
189
11.3.1.2 STRATEGIES
FOR NEUROPROTECTION
INTERFERING
WITH THE INDUCTION PHASE
OF APOPTOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
190
11.3.1.3 STRATEGIES
FOR NEUROPROTECTION
INTERFERING WITH THE EARLY
PHASE OF APOPTOSIS
. . . . . . . .
191
11.3.1.4 STRATEGIES USING
NEUROPROTECTIVE CYTOKINES
THAT SHOWED EFFECTS IN OTHER
TISSUES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
11.3.2 CELL
THERAPY
FOR THE DISEASED RETINA
. . . .
192
11.3.2.1 CELL
TRANSPLANTATION
IN THE RETINA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
193
11.3.2.2 APPLICATION OF TRANSGENES
OR GENETICALLY ENGINEERED
STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS
198
11.3.2.3 ENDOGENOUS CELL
REPLACEMENT IN THE RETINA
199
PART IV SYSTEMIC DISEASE
CHAPTER 12
CHORIORETINAL LESIONS IN INFECTIOUS
DISEASES OF NEUROOPHTHALMIC INTEREST
YAN GUEX-CROSIER
12.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
206
12.2 OCULAR ZOONOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . .
206
12.2.1 OCULAR
TOXOPLASMOSIS
. . . . . .
206
12.2.1.1 CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
. .
206
12.2.1.2 REACTIVATION
OF TOXOPLASMOSIS
IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT
PATIENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
207
12.2.1.3 OPHTHALMIC
TOXOPLASMOSIS
IN AIDS PATIENTS
. . . . . . . . . . .
209
12.2.1.4 NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATION
OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN AIDS
PATIENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
209
12.2.1.5 RADIOLOGIC MANIFESTATION
OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN AIDS
. . .
209
12.2.2 TOXOCARIASIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
12.2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
12.2.2.2 OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS
. . . . .
210
12.2.2.3 NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS
210
12.2.3 DISEASES
TRANSMITTED
BY TICKS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
12.2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
210
12.2.3.2 TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
. . . .
210
12.2.3.3 LYME DISEASE
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
211
12.2.4 CAT SCRATCH DISEASE
. . . . . . . .
214
12.2.4.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
214
12.2.4.2 OCULAR
AND NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGIC
MANIFESTATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
214
12.2.4.3 NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS
215
12.2.4.4 THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
12.3 SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
12.3.1 SYPHILIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
12.3.1.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
12.3.1.2 OCULAR
AND NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGIC
MANIFESTATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
215
12.3.1.3 DIAGNOSTIC
TESTS
. . . . . . . . . . .
216
*IV CONTENTS
12.3.1.4 THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
216
12.3.2 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV)
AND OCULAR INFECTION
. . . . . . .
216
12.3.2.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
216
12.3.2.2 HIV RETINOPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . .
217
12.3.2.3 CMV RETINITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
218
12.4 ENCEPHALOPATHIES DUE
TO VIRAL AND NON-
CONVENTIONAL AGENTS
. . . . . .
220
12.4.1 LYMPHOCYTIC
CHORIOMENINGITIS
VIRUS
. . . .
220
12.4.2 CREUTZFELDT*JAKOB
DISEASE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
220
12.4.3 JC VIRUS
AND PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL
LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
. . . . .
221
12.4.4 HERPETIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
AND ACUTE RETINAL NECROSIS
SYNDROME
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
12.5 CONCLUSION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
CHAPTER 13
GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
AKI KAWASAKI
13.1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
. . . . . . .
227
13.1.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
227
13.1.2 TRIGGERING EVENT
. . . . . . . . . .
228
13.1.3 TROPISM TO CERTAIN
VASCULAR
BEDS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
228
13.1.4 MACROPHAGE RECRUITMENT
AND
VASCULAR INJURY
. . . . . . . .
229
13.1.5 SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION
. . . .
230
13.2 CLINICAL (NON-OPHTHALMIC)
MANIFESTATIONS OF GCA
. . . . .
231
13.2.1 NATURAL HISTORY
. . . . . . . . . . . .
231
13.2.2 SYSTEMIC SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
231
13.2.3 HEADACHE
AND CRANIOFACIAL PAIN
. . . . . .
231
13.2.4 AUDITORY MANIFESTATIONS
. . .
232
13.2.5 NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS
232
13.2.6 OCCULT GCA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
232
13.3 VISUAL MANIFESTATIONS
OF GCA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
233
13.3.1 TRANSIENT
VISUAL LOSS
. . . . . . .
233
13.3.2 ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC
NEUROPATHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
234
13.3.3 OTHER
TYPES
OF ISCHEMIC
VISUAL LOSS
. . . . .
235
13.3.4 DIPLOPIA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
235
13.3.5 ORBITAL MANIFESTATIONS
. . . . .
236
13.4 CLINICAL SUBTYPES OF GCA
. . .
236
13.4.1 SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY
SYNDROME
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
236
13.4.2 CRANIAL ARTERITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
236
13.4.3 LARGE-VESSEL
VASCULITIS
. . . . .
237
13.5 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
IN GCA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238
13.5.1 ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION
RATE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238
13.5.2 C-REACTIVE PROTEIN
. . . . . . . . .
239
13.5.3 THROMBOCYTOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . .
239
13.5.4 INTERLEUKIN-6
AND OTHER CYTOKINES
. . . . . . .
239
13.5.5 ANEMIA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
240
13.5.6 OTHERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
240
13.6 DIAGNOSIS OF GCA
. . . . . . . . . .
240
13.6.1 TEMPORAL ARTERY BIOPSY
. . . .
241
13.6.2 AMERICAN COLLEGE
OF RHEUMATOLOGY CRITERIA
. .
241
13.6.3 ROLE OF ULTRASOUND
. . . . . . . . .
243
13.6.4 OTHER NON-INVASIVE IMAGING
OF THE CRANIAL ARTERIES
. . . . . .
243
13.7 TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
OF GCA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
244
13.7.1 CORTICOSTEROIDS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
244
13.7.1.1 STARTING DOSE
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
245
13.7.1.2 MAINTENANCE DOSE
. . . . . . . .
245
13.7.1.3 TAPERING REGIMEN
. . . . . . . . .
245
13.7.1.4 DURATION OF TREATMENT
. . . . .
245
13.7.2 VISUAL OUTCOME
ON CORTICOSTEROIDS
. . . . . . . . .
245
13.7.3 METHOTREXATE
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
246
13.7.4 OTHER ADJUVANT
THERAPIES
. .
246
13.7.5 TREATMENT OF LARGE-VESSEL
INVOLVEMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
247
PART V OCULOMOTILITY
CHAPTER 14
CEREBRAL CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
CHARLES PIERROT-DESEILLIGNY
14.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
14.2 BRAINSTEM
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
255
CONTENTS *V
14.2.1 HORIZONTAL EYE MOVEMENTS
255
14.2.1.1 FINAL COMMON PATHWAY
. . . .
255
14.2.1.2 PREMOTOR STRUCTURES
AND AFFERENT PATHWAYS
. . . .
257
14.2.2 VERTICAL EYE MOVEMENTS
. . . .
259
14.2.2.1 FINAL COMMON PATHWAY
. . . .
259
14.2.2.2 PREMOTOR STRUCTURES
AND BRAINSTEM AFFERENTS
. . .
259
14.3 SUPRARETICULAR STRUCTURES
. . .
261
14.3.1 CEREBELLUM
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
261
14.3.2 CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
. . . . .
262
14.4 ABNORMAL EYE MOVEMENTS
263
14.4.1 NYSTAGMUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
263
14.4.2 NON-NYSTAGMIC ABNORMAL
EYE MOVEMENTS
. . . . . . . . . . .
264
CHAPTER 15
CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL
OPHTHALMOPLEGIA * A COMMON
OCULAR MANIFESTATION
OF MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS
MARCUS DESCHAUER, STEPHAN ZIERZ
15.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
267
15.2 CLINICAL FEATURES
. . . . . . . . . . .
268
15.2.1 OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
AND PTOSIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
15.2.2 CPEO PLUS: MULTISYSTEMIC
INVOLVEMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
15.2.2.1 MUSCLE IMPAIRMENT
. . . . . . . .
268
15.2.2.2 VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
. . . . . . . . .
268
15.2.2.3 SPECIFIC CPEO PLUS
SYNDROMES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
15.3 GENETICS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
270
15.3.1 GENERAL MITOCHONDRIAL
GENETICS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
270
15.3.2 SINGLE DELETIONS OF MTDNA
270
15.3.3 DEFECTS OF INTERGENOMIC
COMMUNICATION WITH
MULTIPLE DELETIONS
OF MTDNA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
271
15.3.4 POINT MUTATIONS
OF MTDNA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
272
15.3.5 COENZYME Q DEFICIENCY
. . . .
273
15.3.6 GENOTYPE*PHENOTYPE
CORRELATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
273
15.4 DIAGNOSTICS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
274
15.4.1 MYOHISTOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
275
15.4.2 BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS
275
15.4.3 MOLECULAR GENETIC
INVESTIGATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
275
15.5 TREATMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
276
15.5.1 PHARMACOLOGICAL
THERAPY
. .
276
15.5.2 SYMPTOMATIC
TREATMENT
. . .
277
15.5.3 GENE
THERAPY
. . . . . . . . . . . .
277
15.6 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
. . . . .
278
15.6.1 OCULOPHARYGEAL MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
278
15.6.2 MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES
. . . .
278
15.6.3 CONGENITAL FIBROSIS
OF THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
279
15.6.4 OCULAR MYOSITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
279
15.6.5 ENDOCRINE
OPHTHALMOPATHY
. . . . . . . . . .
279
15.6.6 MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY
. . . . . .
279
15.6.7 FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
. . . . . . .
279
15.6.8 CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES
. . . .
279
CHAPTER 16
TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC TYPES
OF NYSTAGMUS
MARIANNE DIETERICH
16.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
284
16.2 PERIPHERAL
VESTIBULAR
AND OCULAR MOTOR DISORDERS
284
16.2.1 ACUTE PERIPHERAL
VESTIBULOPATHY,
VESTIBULAR
NEURITIS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
284
16.2.1.1 ETIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
286
16.2.1.2 THERAPEUTIC
RECOMMENDATIONS
. . . . . . . .
287
16.2.2 SUPERIOR OBLIQUE
MYOKYMIA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
16.2.2.1 ETIOLOGY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
16.2.2.2 THERAPEUTIC
RECOMMENDATIONS
. . . . . . . .
288
16.3 SUPRANUCLEAR OCULAR MOTOR
DISORDERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
289
16.3.1 CENTRAL
VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
289
16.3.1.1 VESTIBULAR SYNDROMES
IN THE SAGITTAL (PITCH) PLANE
289
16.3.2 CENTRAL OCULAR MOTOR
DISORDERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
294
16.3.2.1 ACQUIRED PENDULAR
NYSTAGMUS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
294
16.3.2.2 OPSOCLONUS AND OCULAR
FLUTTER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
296
*VI CONTENTS
PART VI REHABILITATION
CHAPTER 17
REHABILITATION
IN NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY
SUSANNE TRAUZETTEL-KLOSINSKI
17.1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
301
17.2 PSYCHOPHYSICS OF NORMAL
READING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
302
17.3 DISEASES OF THE
VISUAL
PATHWAYS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS
. . . . . . . . .
303
17.3.1 OPTIC NEUROPATHIES
. . . . . . . .
303
17.3.1.1 CENTRAL SCOTOMAS
. . . . . . . . . .
303
17.3.1.2 ARCUATE SCOTOMAS: NERVE
FIBER BUNDLE DEFECTS
. . . . . . .
305
17.3.1.3 RING SCOTOMAS
. . . . . . . . . . . .
305
17.3.1.4 CONSTRICTED FIELDS
. . . . . . . . .
305
17.3.1.5 THE IMPACT OF VISUAL
FIELD DEFECTS ON READING
PERFORMANCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
305
17.3.2 OPTIC CHIASMAL SYNDROMES
307
17.3.3 SUPRACHIASMATIC LESIONS
OF THE
VISUAL PATHWAYS
. . . . .
307
17.3.3.1 HEMIANOPIC READING
DISORDER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
308
17.3.3.2 HEMIANOPIC ORIENTATION
DISORDER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
310
17.3.4 CORTICAL
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
311
17.4 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
TO EXAMINE READING ABILITY
311
17.5 REHABILITATION PROGRAMS
. . .
312
17.5.1 VISUAL AIDS IN READING
DISORDERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
312
17.5.2 VISUAL AND OTHER AIDS
IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION
PROBLEMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
313
17.5.3 TRAINING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
17.5.3.1 TRAINING FOR PATIENTS
WITH CIRCUMSCRIBED
SCOTOMAS IN THE CENTRAL
FIELD
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
17.5.3.2 TRAINING FOR PATIENTS
WITH HOMONYMOUS FIELD
DEFECTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
315
17.5.4 COUNSELING REGARDING
PUBLIC SUPPORT
. . . . . . . . . . . .
316
17.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
316
SUBJECT INDEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
321
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Lorenz, Birgit |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | b l bl |
| author_facet | Lorenz, Birgit |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026599768 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)188182247 (DE-599)BVBBV026599768 |
| dewey-full | 617.7 618.920977 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 617 - Surgery & related medical specialties 618 - Gynecology, obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics |
| dewey-raw | 617.7 618.920977 |
| dewey-search | 617.7 618.920977 |
| dewey-sort | 3617.7 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV026599768 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:15:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540336785 3540336788 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022155647 |
| oclc_num | 188182247 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-578 |
| physical | XIX, 333 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Essentials in ophthalmology |
| spelling | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables ed. Birgit Lorenz ... Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XIX, 333 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Essentials in ophthalmology Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf Neuroophthalmologie (DE-588)4171592-5 gnd rswk-swf Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 s 2\p DE-604 Neuroophthalmologie (DE-588)4171592-5 s 3\p DE-604 Lorenz, Birgit edt DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022155647&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd Neuroophthalmologie (DE-588)4171592-5 gnd Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030550-8 (DE-588)4171592-5 (DE-588)4112627-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables |
| title_auth | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables |
| title_exact_search | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables |
| title_full | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables ed. Birgit Lorenz ... |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables ed. Birgit Lorenz ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics with 26 tables ed. Birgit Lorenz ... |
| title_short | Pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, genetics |
| title_sort | pediatric ophthalmology neuro ophthalmology genetics with 26 tables |
| title_sub | with 26 tables |
| topic | Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd Neuroophthalmologie (DE-588)4171592-5 gnd Augenkrankheit (DE-588)4112627-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kind Neuroophthalmologie Augenkrankheit Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022155647&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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