Life and times in colonial Philadelphia: Joseph J. Kelley
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Harrisburg, Pa.
Stackpole Books
1973
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 256 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0811709493 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Life and times in colonial Philadelphia
Autor: Kelley, Joseph J
Jahr: 1973
CONTENTS
AN INTRODUCTORY WORD 11
IN THIS MIRROR 13
Under the banner of the intriguing Queen Christina the Swedes come
to the Delaware Valley, and the 400 lb. Governor Printz leaves heavy
footprints in the vicinity of future Philadelphia as he tries to establish a
society. Indians, Dutchmen and Finns add complications, and Printz s im¬
perious daughter, Armegot, makes a lasting impression. Steam baths and
life styles become firmly fixed before the English inherit the earth, by
conquest.
I AM NOT SUCH A MAN 26
William Perm Founds a New World Experiment
William Perm s social and spiritual philosophy takes shape through
confrontations with the British Government which lead to pamphlets and
prison, and ultimately into his Holy Experiment. The intensity with
which he pursues his dream of a city founded on peace and love embraces
the Indians whose lineage he believes stems from one of the lost tribes of
Israel. Difficulties and dilemmas created by those he thought friends
obstruct the way, but his theories and powerful prose foreshadow ideas of
the present. Young Benjamin Franklin comes to Philadelphia as Penn
dies embittered in England a few years earlier, and inadvertently provides
the city with a continuity of individualistic personality.
THE MODEL CITY 45
Penn s Philadelphia Becomes a Living Community
A planned city from the beginning, Philadelphia emerges from the
outlines of Penn s vision, with admirable docking facilities but streets that
have problems in the form of mud, underground streams and a surplus of
dogs. Two of the four squares, ultimately to be called Washington and
Franklin, serve purposes Penn never planned.
KEEP THY SHOP AND THY SHOP
WILL KEEP THEE 59
Business and Community Grow Together
A Franklin maxim serves to open the doors to various shops and
trades, as well as the means taken to safeguard the places and proprietors
from loss by fire, while Philadelphia craftsmen begin to make their con¬
tribution to furniture and furnishings, and Bartram makes botanical histo¬
ry. Fire-marks and green trees, fancies and fashions form part of the pat¬
tern against which this phase of early Philadelphia moves.
DEATH S PALE ARMY ..83
Medicine and Progress Didn t Always March
Hand in Hand
Philip Freneau s phrase introduces the matter of public health, and the
perennial battle of men against death. Physicians vie with each other and
with quacks, as Philadelphians build a hospital, begin medical schools
and brace against recurrent sieges of yellow fever. Dentistry boasts of
teeth transplants—obstetrics becomes a specialized field of medicine to
the chagrin of midwives, and venereal disease provides a market for mir¬
acle cures and increased newspaper advertising. Philadelphia becomes a
center for inocculation against smallpox, and young Thomas Jefferson
travels from Virginia to be immunized some years before he returns to
write the Declaration of Independence. Franklin publishes medical tracts,
from scientific to self-help—and Stephen Girard and black citizens are
among the heroes of the yellow fever scourge of 1793. Dr. Benjamin Rush
tangles with editors who denounce his theories of bleeding , and the
College of Physicians is torn asunder by violent debate.
A SYREN S PART ... 102
Philadelphia Loved the Theater,
But Not All Philadelphians
It took longer for Philadelphia to get a theater than it did for America
to get its independence. The struggle was a virtual reenactment, in anoth¬
er context, of Hamlet s To be or not to be? in which preachers and poli¬
ticians alternately played heroes and villians. Penn had consigned dramas
and dramatists to the pits of hell, but riffraff turned the pits at Southwark
and the New Theatre in Chestnut Street into uncomfortable spots by
pelting performers and patrons with oranges and occasionally beer.
THE CHARMS THAT SOOTHED ... 114
Music Calmed Many a Savage Philadelphian
Philadelphia s ultimate achievements in music had shaky antecedents.
Dedicated amateurs like Francis Hopkinson busy themselves trying to
bring the muse to town, and endeavor to rescue church music from adven¬
turous organists and bellowing congregations. Franklin invents his ar¬
monica , a complex collection of water-filled glasses that threaten the
eardrums of the performers, while chamber music eventually makes its
appearance in the homes of the affluent, and music clubs magnetize diver¬
sified talents. The pioneer concert producer goes insane but in his lamen¬
table death leaves a determined coterie of afficiandos who eventually give
the art the lift to professionalism.
THE LINE OF BEAUTY . . 123
The Painter s Brush Found Fertile Ground in
Penn s Model City
Prosperous Quakers compromised their precept against graven images
to give posterity a limited glimpse of their faces and forms (fully dressed).
Prosperity and vanity thus create a market for artists. West, Peale and
Stuart are, of course, here, along with lesser known colleagues. Captain
John Andre, Robert Fulton—more famous for other things—are talented
with pen and brush—and miniatures are carried as symbols of love.
INNER LIGHT AND EXTERIOR
DARKNESS... 138
The Battle Between Good and Evil
was Well Fought in Philadelphia
Colonial Philadelphia is a microcosm of Christian soldiers at war with
each other, as sects fight among themselves and get involved in politics,
too. George Whitefield comes to preach and draws thousands with his
evangelism, momentarily diverting the populace from the flesh and the
devil, while Franklin is fascinated by the range of his voice, measures it
and the mood of the audience. Of all the major denominations only the
Jews escape intramural strife, proving themselves better Christians than
the Christians. Jemima Wilkenson, a beautiful brunette Free Quaker ,
draws bedazzled males to hear her sermons, and invites tired housewives
to forget the bonds of matrimony and join her New Jerusalem where men
do the chores and women reign as synthetic angels. Penn s doctrine of
religious toleration is an invitation to curious creeds.
TAVERNS IN THE TOWN 159
Pleasure Was Where They Found it,
and Often in a Noggin
A guided tour of grogshops, inns and taverns from the Blue Anchor in
1681 to the Three Jolly Irishmen a century later features among other
things Franklin s drinking songs, brawls and beefsteaks and Reverend
Israel Acrelius who undertakes an odd survey of the variety of drinks
served in 18th century America. Philadelphia gives the mint julep to
the South—the Paxtang Boys shoot the weathervanes on the Indian
Queen s stables—visitors like John Adams rate different inns, and visiting
sailors prefer the Helltown pubs, descendants of the tippling houses that
plagued Penn and early lawmen. The City Tavern is the place to be
seen during meetings of the Continental Congress and the British occupa¬
tion, and is succeeded by the French hotel, Oeller s.
REFLECTIONS ON COURTSHIP
AND MARRIAGE ... 172
Love Wasn t Always Brotherly in Philadelphia
Despite Quaker frowns love found its inevitable way, and as
Philadelphia increased in stature, its people acquired more sophistication.
The Swedes took a broad view of marriage and divorce, as did their
Dutch neighbors, but 18th century Philadelphians find themselves wres¬
tling with stricter English standards. The British Army, with the carefree
attitude troops across the centuries have adopted toward sex, broadened
horizons for many maidens, and after them came the French. Manners
and morals are more scintillating than the minuet and hoon skirts suggest,
and brothels make their own curious contribution to the city s culture.
TEMPER OF THE TIMES 193
Philadelphia s Press Reflected the Growing
Colonial Metropolis
Brass knuckle politics had its inception in Penn s day and developed
nicely. The press has a hard time breaking into the act as the politicians
close ranks to put down printers like William Bradford. Franklin, as both
politician and printer, eases the way. By 1750 newspapers gain their niche
as commentators and critics on governmental affairs, and the power of
the press grows apace. No journalistic fraternity yet existed, for the objec¬
tive was to drive rivals out of business—a technique which Franklin per¬
fected in several different models. Andrew Hamilton, the attorney who
gave impetus to the phrase of praise, Philadelphia lawyer argues the
Zenger case in New York and establishes a landmark, on a theory ad¬
vanced by a beleagured Bradford in Philadelphia some years before.
Good, bad or indifferent, newspapers afford a picture of the years and the
people, and between the lines of clashing opinions truth sometimes
emerges.
. . . THIS ALL PERVADING (PARTY)
SPIRIT... 215
Politics, as Everywhere, Consumed the
Holy Experiment
Federal, State and city governments converge on Philadelphia as a
troika in the last quarter of the 18th century—Washington meets the
press and loses his temper—crusty William Cobbett comes to his rescue,
as Secretary of State Jefferson s newspaper cuts at the Administration s
anti-French policies—Stuart comes to town to paint portraits of Washing¬
ton and plans to make copies he calls his $100 bills —violence breaks
out among editors—Abigail Adams is shocked by the low-cut dresses that
make Philadelphia women look like nursing mothers —John Adams
becomes President and the press gets so vehement Congress passes the
Alien and Sedition Acts to curb the influx of democratic Irish immigrants
and opposition newspapers—Anne Bingham presides over the social
sector—the New Theatre in Chestnut Street opens and Rickett s Circus
burns down—and both Congress and the State Government leave town as
the 19th century begins.
REFERENCES 243
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| spelling | Kelley, Joseph J. Verfasser aut Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley Harrisburg, Pa. Stackpole Books 1973 256 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Philadelphia (Pa.) History Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 Philadelphia (Pa.) Social life and customs To 1775 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022126856&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kelley, Joseph J. Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte |
| title | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_auth | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_exact_search | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_full | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_fullStr | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia Joseph J. Kelley |
| title_short | Life and times in colonial Philadelphia |
| title_sort | life and times in colonial philadelphia joseph j kelley |
| title_sub | Joseph J. Kelley |
| topic | Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Alltag, Brauchtum Geschichte Philadelphia (Pa.) History Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 Philadelphia (Pa.) Social life and customs To 1775 |
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