The mass balance of the cryosphere: observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2004
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 644 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521808952 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Titel: Mass balance of the cryosphere
Autor: Bamber, Jonathan L.
Jahr: 2004
Contents
List of contributors page xi
Foreword Sir John Houghton xv
Preface xvii
1 Introduction and background 1
JONATHAN L. BAMBER AND ANTONY J. PAYNE
1.1 Aims and objectives of the book 1
1.2 Importance of the cryosphere in the Earth system 2
1.3 Timescales of variability 4
1.4 Geographical context 6
References 8
Part I Observational techniques and methods
2 In situ measurement techniques: land ice 11
JON OVE HAGEN AND NIELS REEH
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Mass balance equations 11
2.3 Direct measurement of surface elevation change 13
2.4 Measurement of mass balance components 18
2.5 Local mass balance equation 35
2.6 Conclusion 37
References 37
3 In situ measurement techniques: sea ice 43
PETER WADHAMS
3.1 Current techniques 43
3.2 Possible future techniques 52
References 56
vi Contents
4 Remote-sensing techniques 59
JONATHAN L. BAMBER AND RON KWOK
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Electromagnetic theory and basic principles 59
4.3 Satellites and sensors 63
4.4 Land-ice mass balance 75
4.5 Sea-ice mass balance: introduction 91
4.6 Summary 106
References 107
Part II Modelling techniques and methods
5 Modelling land-ice surface mass balance 117
WOUTER GREUELL AND CHRISTOPHE GENTHON
5.1 Introduction 117
5.2 The surface energy balance 120
5.3 The degree-day approach 137
5.4 The mass balance in ablation models 139
5.5 Introduction to modelling the mass balance at the scale
of glaciers 140
5.6 Ablation models 141
5.7 Atmospheric models 145
5.8 Regression models 156
5.9 Comparison of the different types of models 157
5.10 List of Symbols 159
References 161
Modelling land-ice dynamics 169
CORNELIS J. VAN DER VEEN AND ANTONY J. PAYNE
6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 Glacier dynamics 173
6.3 Hierarchy of models 188
6.4 Evaluating terrestrial ice-mass models 197
6.5 List of symbols 218
References 219
7 Modelling the dynamic response of sea ice 227
WILLIAM D. HIBLER, III
7.1 Introduction 227
7.2 Selected observational sea-ice motion: mechanical and
physical characteristics 228
7.3 Modelling sea-ice drift and deformation 241
7.4 Sea-ice mechanics 246
7.5 Sea-ice thermodynamics 270
Contents vii
7.6 Ice-thickness distribution theory: dynamic thermodynamic
coupling 278
7.7 A selected hierarchy of dynamic thermodynamic simulations
of the evolution of sea ice 298
7.8 Concluding remarks 322
References 324
Part III The mass balance of sea ice
8 Sea-ice observations 337
SEYMOUR W. LAXON, JOHN E. WALSH, PETER
WADHAMS, OLA —JOHANNESSEN AND MARTIN MILES
8.1 Introduction 337
8.2 Sea-ice observations 339
8.3 Sea-ice observations: the pre-satellite era 340
8.4 Sea-ice cover: the post-satellite era 346
8.5 Mean ice thickness and its variability 351
8.6 Current evidence for change 359
8.7 Consequences of change 360
8.8 Future prospects 361
References 363
9 Sea-ice modelling 367
GREGORY M. FLATO
9.1 Brief overview of sea-ice models 367
9.2 Mean thickness 372
9.3 Modelling future changes in sea-ice mass balance 382
9.4 Summary and conclusions 385
References 386
Part IV The mass balance of the ice sheets
10 Greenland: recent mass balance observations 393
ROBERT H. THOMAS
10.1 Introduction 393
10.2 Components of ice-sheet mass balance 399
10.3 PARCA measurements 402
10.4 Results 418
10.5 Future research 429
References 430
11 Greenland: modelling 437
RODERIK S. W. VAN DE WAL
11.1 Introduction 437
11.2 Modelling the specific mass balance 439
viii Contents
11.3 Calving and bottom melt of floating glacier tongues 451
11.4 The dynamical imbalance 451
11.5 Outlook 453
References 454
12 Mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet: observational aspects 459
CHARLES R. BENTLEY
12.1 Introduction 459
12.2 Measurement approaches 461
12.3 Measurement results 467
12.4 The West Antarctic ice sheet - a special case? 479
12.5 Summary 484
References 485
13 Antarctica: modelling 491
PHILIPPE HUYBRECHTS
13.1 Introduction 491
13.2 Models of the Antarctic ice sheet 493
13.3 Modelling the response of the Antarctic ice sheet 498
13.4 Potential sources of instability 511
13.5 Conclusions and further outlook 515
References 518
Part V The mass balance of ice caps and glaciers
14 Arctic ice caps and glaciers 527
JULIAN A. DOWDESWELL AND JON OVE HAGEN
14.1 Introduction 527
14.2 Distribution, extent and volume of ice 529
14.3 Recent climate of the Arctic 530
14.4 Field observations of mass balance on Arctic ice masses 534
14.5 Modelling the response of Arctic glaciers and ice caps to
climate change 541
14.6 Overall mass balance of the Svalbard archipelago:
a case study 542
14.7 Mass balance of Arctic ice masses: discussion 547
14.8 Conclusions 553
References 553
15 Glaciers and ice caps: historical background and strategies of
world-wide monitoring 559
WILFRIED HAEBERLI
15.1 Introduction 559
15.2 Historical background of world-wide glacier monitoring 559
Contents ix
15.3 Observed conditions and trends 563
15.4 Concepts for data analysis 570
15.5 Strategies of global climate-related glacier observations 572
References 575
16 Glaciers and the study of climate and sea-level change 579
MARK B. DYURGEROV AND MARK F. MEIER
16.1 Introduction 579
16.2 Concept and terms 581
16.3 Glacier area and change 585
16.4 Glacier regime 587
16.5 Spatial pattern of glacier volume changes 602
16.6 Glacier mass balance and climate variability 606
16.7 Glacier mass balance and sea-level rise 613
16.8 Conclusions 616
References 617
17 Conclusions, summary and outlook 623
ANTONY J. PAYNE AND JONATHAN L. BAMBER
17.1 Summary of findings 623
17.2 Current uncertainties 631
17.3 Future trends in research 634
17.4 Concluding remarks 636
References 636
Index 641 |
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| spellingShingle | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes Massenbilanz (DE-588)4202620-9 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Kryosphäre (DE-588)4385553-2 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 gnd |
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| title | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes |
| title_auth | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes |
| title_exact_search | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes |
| title_full | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes edited by Jonathan L. Bamber ... |
| title_fullStr | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes edited by Jonathan L. Bamber ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes edited by Jonathan L. Bamber ... |
| title_short | The mass balance of the cryosphere |
| title_sort | the mass balance of the cryosphere observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes |
| title_sub | observations and modelling of contemporary and future changes |
| topic | Massenbilanz (DE-588)4202620-9 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd Kryosphäre (DE-588)4385553-2 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd Modellierung (DE-588)4170297-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Massenbilanz Umweltveränderung Kryosphäre Gletscher Modellierung |
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