Infections in the compromised host:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]
Saunders
2001
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Infectious disease clinics of North America
15,2 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 335 - 708 Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Infections in the compromised host |c Burke A. Cunha, guest ed. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | l ll CTIONS l n II t OMTI-tOMISED HOST
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Burke A. Cunha
Infections in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and
Rheumatoid Arthritis 335
Emilio Bouza, Juan Garcia-Lechuz Moya,
and Patricia Mufloz
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have a higher infec¬
tion rate than the general population. It is estimated that at least
50% of them will suffer a severe infectious episode during the
course of the disease. Improvements in the control of the disease
are discussed in this article.
Infections in Cirrhosis 363
Diane H. Johnson and Burke A. Cunha
Infection is a well-described complication of cirrhosis and is a
major cause of death in this population. This article examines the
types of infections related with cirrhosis, such as bacteremia,
urinary tract infections, meningitis, and others.
Infections in Multiple Myeloma 373
Franco Paradisi, Giampaolo Corti and Roberta Cinelli
Multiple myeloma is a relatively rare but severe hematologic
malignancy. Marked depression in production of normal immu-
noglobulins, mild neutropenia, and alkylant/steroid therapy or
BMT/SCT all produce major suppression of the immune system
in the totality of patients. Recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral
INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 15 • NUMBER 2 • JUNE 2001 vii
infections are an important cause of morbidity and the most
common cause of death in these subjects. Prompt diagnosis and
appropriate anti-infective chemotherapy are essential in order to
reduce the risk of mortality.
Infections Associated with Uremia and Dialysis 385
Venkat Minnaganti and Burke A. Cunha
Patients with chronic renal failure are predisposed to infections.
Infections in end-stage renal disease patients are caused by immu-
nosuppressive effects of uremia. Patients with renal failure on
dialysis have impaired host defenses and may develop infections
related to vascular access. This article reviews the infectious com¬
plications related to chronic renal failure in dialysis.
Infections in Diabetes 407
Helene M. Calvet and Thomas Y. Yoshikawa
Diabetics are predisposed to infections because of various im¬
mune deficiencies, including neutrophil and monocyte dysfunc¬
tion. Some of these immune deficiencies are improved by tight
glucose control. This article is a review of the immune deficiencies
seen in diabetes and an overview of selected infections that are
commonly or predominantly seen in diabetics.
Infections Associated with Steroid Use 423
Natalie C. Klein, Chi Hong-U Go, Burke A. Cunha
Patients receiving chronic steroids have an increased susceptibil¬
ity to many different types of infections. The risk of infection is
related to the dose of steroid and the duration of therapy. Al¬
though pyogenic bacteria are the most common pathogens,
chronic steroid use increases the risk of infection with intracellu-
lar pathogens such as Listeria, many fungi, the herpes viruses,
and certain parasites. Clinicians should consider both common
and unusual opportunistic infections in patients receiving
chronic steroids.
Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease:
Down But Not Out 433
Paul E. Sax
Widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy consisting
of at least three active agents has completely transformed the
management of HIV disease. Since 1996 when this therapy was
introduced, there has been a dramatic decline in the incidence of
AIDS-related opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, and in¬
vasive cytomegalovirus disease. Despite this decline, however,
Viii CONTENTS
opportunistic infections continue to occur, especially in patients
who are unaware that they are HIV infected and those who are
prescribed antiviral therapy and do not take it. This article takes
a symptom-based approach to the presentation, diagnosis, and
treatment of HIV-related opportunistic infections as they occur in
the current antiviral era.
Infectious Complications of Febrile Leukopenia 457
Helen Giamarellou and Anastasia Antoniadou
Despite progress in anticancer therapeutic manipulations, neutro-
penic patients are still at risk for infectious complications. Current
epidemiological features and the assessment of risk factors, as
well as infecting microorganisms in the new millenium, are dis¬
cussed in this article, with particular emphasis placed on gram
positives and the new fungal array. The contemporary laboratory
diagnosis of infections, although improved, requires further ef¬
forts based mainly on the molecular approach and advanced
radiologic techniques. Current steps of therapy and the appro¬
priate modifications are presented, including antifungal manipu¬
lations. Finally, the indications for at-home therapy of febrile
neutropenia and efficacious interventions for infection prophy¬
laxis in the afebrile neutropenic patient are discussed.
Infections Following Hematopoietic Stem
Cell Transplantation 483
Helen L Leather and John R. Wingard
Infections in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
(HSCT) continue to pose a major problem to the transplant and
infectious disease community alike. Strategies employed to pre¬
vent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, as well as treatment
strategies once infection is established, is discussed. Included in
the article are the recommendations of the Centers for Disease
Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American
Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation for the prevention
of opportunistic infections in HSCT recipients, along with an
evidence-based grading of both the strength and quality of each
recommendation.
Infectious Complications of Solid Organ
Transplantations 521
David M. Simon and Stuart Levin
Despite an overall decline in infectious complications in solid
organ transplant recipients, infection remains a significant cause
of allograft failure and death in these patients. This article pro¬
vides an overview of bacterial, fungal, and viral agents causing
disease in this immunocompromised population. Major patho-
CONTENTS ix
gens are presented with emphasis on clinical presentation, diag¬
nosis, and treatment. Preventative strategies are also discussed.
Infectious Complications in Asplenic Hosts 551
Vijaya Sumaraju, Leon G. Smith, and Stephen M. Smith
Hyposplenism, secondary to splenectomy or disease state, predis¬
poses the host to overwhelming infection with certain bacteria,
such as S. pneumoniae. Recognition of the hyposplenic state and
preventive measures, including patient education and vaccina¬
tion, appear to reduce the rate of this highly fatal infection.
In addition to considering chemoprophylaxis, a clinician should
promptly evaluate or empirically treat all febrile episodes in hy¬
posplenic patients.
Central Nervous System Infections in the Compromised
Host: A Diagnostic Approach 567
Burke A. Cunha
This article reviews the clinical approach to compromised hosts
with central nervous system infections and emphasizes the need
for specific therapy based on the demonstration of the infecting
microorganism in the cerebrospinal fluid or brain parenchyma.
Pneumonias in the Compromised Host 591
Burke A. Cunha
The approach to the compromised host with fever and pneumo¬
nia depends on an analysis of the patient s immune defects,
duration and degree of immunosuppression, the acuteness or
subacuteness of the pulmonary process and the appearance and
behavior of the infiltrates seen on the chest radiograph or CT/
MRI scan. Bacterial pneumonias causing community-acquired
pneumonia (CAP) in compromised hosts are caused by the same
pathogen group that affects normal patients with CAP, e.g., S.
pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or Legionella. Because the bacterial
pathogens causing CAP in compromised hosts are predictable,
empiric treatment for CAP in the compromised host is the same
as in the normal host. Compromised hosts with nonbacterial
pneumonias may be caused by a wide variety of pathogenic
microorganisms, which precludes empiric therapy in these pa¬
tients. Nonbacterial pathogens causing invasive disease in com¬
promised hosts require a tissue diagnosis. Transbronchial biopsy
or open-lung biopsy are the preferred diagnostic modalities. Spe¬
cific therapy is based upon demonstrating a specific pathogen
invading lung parenchyma. Clinicians should be aware of the
many noninfectious mimics of pneumonia in compromised hosts
that, if diagnosed, may be treatable.
X CONTENTS
Cardiac Infections in the Immunosuppressed Patient 613
John L. Brusch
This article presents the various manifestations of cardiac infec¬
tions found in the immunosuppressed host. Emphasis is placed
on the correlation between specific impairments of host defenses
and the occurrence of certain types of pathogens. The effect
of immunosuppression on the clinical manifestations of these
infections is discussed. Finally, appropriate diagnostic modalities
are presented for the major types of infections.
Gastrointestinal Infections in the
Immunocompromised Host 639
Lindsey R. Baden and James H. McGuire
Gastrointestinal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality in the immunocompromised patient. This article focuses
on the infectious gastrointestinal complications associated with
the treatment of malignant disease and with solid organ trans¬
plantation but not HIV. Gastrointestinal defenses and the various
mechanisms by which they are impaired are reviewed. The major
pathogens and malignancies of this patient population and an
approach to their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are dis¬
cussed.
Dermatologic Infections in the Immunocompromised
(Non-HIV) Host 671
Fred A. Lopez and Charles V. Sanders
The immunocompromised host s susceptibility to infections often
present a difficult diagnostic challenge to the physician. A work¬
ing knowledge of the host immune defenses and microbiologic
complications that can occur when these functions are compro¬
mised provides a more focused framework for further evaluation
and management. Infections in these patients are often morbid
and life-threatening, creating an urgent need for prompt diagno¬
sis. The skin may manifest the first clue(s) of a serious underlying
infection. Appropriate workup and diagnosis of cutaneous lesions
provide an expeditious, noninvasive, and potentially life-saving
approach to the immunocompromised host with a dermatologic
infection.
Index 703
Subscription Information Inside back cover
CONTENTS XI
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| spelling | Infections in the compromised host Burke A. Cunha, guest ed. Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.] Saunders 2001 XIV S., S. 335 - 708 Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Infectious disease clinics of North America 15,2 Cunha, Burke A. 1942- (DE-588)113532717 edt HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022073640&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Infections in the compromised host |
| title_auth | Infections in the compromised host |
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| title_full_unstemmed | Infections in the compromised host Burke A. Cunha, guest ed. |
| title_short | Infections in the compromised host |
| title_sort | infections in the compromised host |
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