Physiology of membrane disorders:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1986
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| ISBN: | 030641774X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145012197294080 |
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| adam_text | Second Edition —
PHYSIOLOGY
OF
MEMBRANE
DISORDERS
Edited by
Thomas E Andreoli, M D
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
Joseph T Hoffman, Ph D
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut -
Darrell D Fanestil, M D
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
and
Stanley G Schultz, M D
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
PLENUM MEDICAL BOOK COMPANY
New York and London
Contents
PART I: The Nature of Biological Membranes
CHAPTER 1: The Anatomy of Biological Interfaces
J DAVID ROBERTSON
1 introduction 3
2 Models of Membrane Structure 4
3 Membrane Junctions 6
4 Certain Specialized Membranes 10
5 Lipid-Protein Interactions in Model Membranes 14
6 Membrane Fluidity 15
7 Mechanisms of Protein-Lipid Interactions 16
8 Mueller-Rudin Bilayer Membranes 16
9 Freeze-Fracture-Etch Studies of Membranes 16
10 Summary 17
References 17
CHAPTER 2: Composition and Dynamics of Lipids in Biomembranes
T E THOMPSON AND C HUANG
1 Molecular Organization of Lipids in Biomembranes 25
2 Lipid Composition of Mammalian Cell Membranes 26
3 Molecular Structure of Membrane Lipids 26
4 Molecular Motions in Bilayers 28
5 Interactions between Lipids in Bilayers 34
6 Summary 39
References 39
CHAPTER 3: Membrane Proteins: Structure, Arrangement, and Disposition in
the Membrane
GUIDO GUIDOTTI
1 Introduction 45
2 Protein Composition of Membranes 45
3 Types of Membrane Proteins 45
4 Extrinsic Proteins 46
5 Intrinsic Proteins 47
6 Types of Intrinsic Membrane Proteins 48
7 The Structure of the Intramembrane Portion 52
XV
xvi CONTENTS
8 Disposition of Proteins in the Membrane 53
9 Summary 53
References 54
PART II: Methods for Studying Membranes
CHAPTER 4: The Nature and Limitations of Electron Microscopic Methods in
Biology
J DAVID ROBERTSON
1 Introduction 59
2 The Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope 59
3 Specimen Preparation 64
4 Embedding 66
5 Sectioning 72
6 Positive Staining 72
7 Negative Staining 75
8 Low-Dose Electron Microscopy 75
9 The Freeze-Fracture-Etch (FFE) Technique 76
10 Summary 80-
References 80
CHAPTER 5: Isolation and Characterization of Biological Membranes
ROLF KINNE AND GEORGE SACHS
1 Introduction 83
2 Methods for Dissociating and Separating Cells 83
3 Isolation of Plasma Membranes 86
4 Assessment of Purification 86
5 Expression of Data 87
6 Functional Properties of Plasma Membranes 88
7 Pathological Considerations 88
8 Summary 90
References 91
CHAPTER 6: Absorption and Optical Rotation Spectra of Biological
Membranes: Distortions and Their Corrections
MARIANNA M LONG AND DAN W URRY
1 Introduction 93
2 Distortions and Corrections for Suspensions 96
3 Purple Membrane as a Sample Calculation 101
4 Summary 106
References 106
o
CHAPTER 7: Mathematical Models of Membrane Transport Processes
ROBERT I MACEY
1 Introduction Ill
2 Diffusion Ill
3 Osmosis 118
4 Ionic Diffusion 119
5 Facilitated Diffusion 125
6 Single-File Diffusion 128
7 Summary 130
References 130
CONTENTS xvii
CHAPTER 8: Application of Tracers to the Study of Membrane Transport
Processes
JOHN A JACQUEZ
1 Introduction 133
2 Tracers and Problems in the Use of Tracers 133
3 Isotope Effects 135
4 Rate Processes 136
5 Compartmental Systems and Compartmental Analysis 138
6 Theoretical Foundations for the Use of Tracers to Measure Rates 141
7 Applications to the Study of Membrane Transports 143
8 Summary 150
References 150
CHAPTER 9: Principles of Electrical Methods for Studying Membrane
Movements of Ions
PAUL HOROWICZ, MARTIN F SCHNEIDER, AND TED BEGENISICH
1 Introduction 151
2 Steady-State Characteristics of Biological Membranes 151
3 Non-Steady-Sta te Electrical Properties of Membranes 155
4 Fluctuation Analysis of Electrical Properties of Membranes 160
5 Single-Channel Studies 163
6 Summary 163
•7 Appendix 163
References 164
CHAPTER 10: The Study of Transport and Enzymatic Processes in Reconstituted
Biological Systems
WILLIAM P DUBINSKY
( Introduction 167
2 Energy-Linked Processes 168
3 Receptors and Channels 170
4 Passive Transport System 171
5 Summary 171
References 171
PART III: General Problems in Membrane Biology
CHAPTER 11: Principles of Water and Nonelectrolyte Transport across
Membranes
JAMES A SCHAFER AND THOMAS E ANDREOLI
1 Introduction 177
2 Diffusion as a Permeation Mechanism 177
3 Activation Energy for Diffusion: Measurement and Significance 178
4 Convection 181
5 Osmosis 181
6 Water and Nonelectrolyte Membrane Permeation Mechanisms 183
7 Summary 188
References 188
CHAPTER 12: Anion Transport in Erythrocytes
PHILIP A KNAUF
1 Introduction 191
2 Modes of Anion Transport 191
xviii CONTENTS
3 Anion Exchange in Human Erythrocytes 192
4 Net Anion Transport in Red Blood Cells 205
5 Cation-Coupled Anion Transport 205
6 Anion Transport in Other Single Cells 209
7 Relationship of Red Cell Anion Transport to Other Transport Systems 211
8 Summary 212
References 212
CHAPTER 13: Active Transport of Na+ and K+ by Red Blood Cells
JOSEPH F HOFFMAN
1 Introduction 221
2 Intracellular Solutes and Water 221
3 Donnan and Double Donnan Equilibrium 222
4 Membrane Potential 223
5 Active Transport 224
6 Properties of the Na+,K+Pump 225
7 Transport Modes of the Na+ ,K+ Pump 227
8 Ion Selectivity of the Na+,K+ Pump 228
9 Ouabain and the Na+ ,K+ Pump 229
10 Molecular Mechanism of the Na+,K+Pump 229
References 231
CHAPTER 14: Weak Electrolyte Transport across Biological Membranes:
General Principles
MICHAEL J JACKSON
1 Introduction 235
2 Weak Electrolyte Diffusion 236
3 Complex Mechanisms 244
4 Summary 245
References 245
CHAPTER 15: Ion Permeation in Cell Membranes
PAMELA A PAPPONE AND MICHAEL D CAHALAN
1 Introduction 249
2 How Ion Permeation Is Studied 249
3 Deviations from Independence 253
4 Gramicidin 254
5 Acetylcholine Receptor Channel 255
6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel 257
7 Potassium Channels 259
8 Calcium Channels 263
9 Summary 264
References 265
CHAPTER 16: Processing and Sorting of Proteins Synthesized in the Endoplasmic
2 Reticulum
MICHAEL J CAPLAN, STEVEN A ROSENZWEIG, AND JAMES D
JAMIESON
1 Introduction 273
2 Cotranslational Processing of Proteins 274
3 Posttranslational Processing of Proteins 276
4 Regulation of Protein Sorting and Membrane Interactions 277
5 Summary 279
References 279
CONTENTS xix
CHAPTER 17: Ion-Coupled Transport of Organic Solutes across Biological
Membranes
STANLEY G SCHULTZ
1 Introduction 283
2 Sodium-Coupled Sugar and Amino Acid Transport by Small Intestine and Renal
Proximal Tubule 284
3 Proton-Coupled Galactoside Transport by E coli 288
4 Toward a Mechanicokinetic Model of Ion-Coupled Nonelectrolyte Transport 289
5 Conclusions 292
References 293
CHAPTER 18: Bioenergetics of Membrane Transport Processes
LAZARO J MANDEL
1 Introduction 295
2 The Control of Mitochondrial Respiration 295
3 Thermogenesis 298
4 Respiration and Active Plasma Membrane Transport in Intact Cells 302
5 Summary 307
References 307
CHAPTER 19: Regulation of Cellular Volume
ANTHONY D C MACKNIGHT AND ALEXANDER LEAF
1 Introduction 311
2 Historical Perspective 311
3 The Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium 312
4 The Double Donnan Hypothesis and Cellular Volume Regulation 312
5 Estimates of Cellular Colloid Osmotic Pressure 313
6 The Specificity of Cellular Sodium Chloride in Cellular Volume Regulation 314
7 Consequences of Metabolic Inhibition 315
8 Plasma Membrane Permeability and Cellular Volume 317
9 Regulation of Cellular Volume in Media Containing Cardiac Glycosides 317
10 Cellular Volume Regulation by Means Other Than the Cardiac Glycoside-
Sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase 319
11 The Regulation of Volume in Cells Exposed to Anisosmotic Media 320
_ 12 Summary and Conclusions 323
_ References 324
CHAPTER 20: Cell-to-Cell Communication: Permeability, Regulation,
Formation, and Functions of the Cell-Cell Membrane Channel in
Cell Junctions
WERNER R LOEWENSTEIN
1 Introduction 329
2 The Cell-to-Cell Membrane Channel 329
3 Regulation of the Cell-to-Cell Channel 330
4 Channel Formation 337
5 Physiological Roles of the Cell-to-Cell Channels 338
References 341
CHAPTER 21: Genes and Membranes
EDWARD A ADELBERG AND CAROLYN W SLAYMAN
1 Introduction 345
2 Genetic Methods 346
3 Criteria for Establishing That Differences in Membrane Properties Are
Genetically Determined 347
XX CONTENTS
4 Information That Can Be Gained from Biochemical and Physiological Studies on
Transport Mutants and from Cloning Studies 348
5 Information That Can Be Gained from Genetic Analysis 350
6 Summary 353
References 353
CHAPTER 22: The Interaction of Hormones with Biological Membranes
DARRELL D FANESTIL
1 Introduction 355
2 Hormone Interaction with Receptor 355
3 Subunit Composition of Membrane Receptors 360
4 Transduction of Response to Interaction of Hormone and Receptor 361
5 Fate of Hormone-Receptor Complex 363
6 Down-Regulation of Surface Membrane Content of Receptors 364
7 Interactions between Receptors for Different Hormones 365
8 Summary 365
References 365
CHAPTER 23: Modification of Membrane Function by Drugs
HOWARD C ROSENBERG, TED H CHIU, JAMES W PUTNEY, JR , AND
AMIR ASKARI
1 Introduction 369
2 Drugs Affecting Transport Mechanisms of the Plasma Membrane 369
3 Drugs Affecting Excitation Phenomena 371
4 Drugs Affecting Coupling Mechanisms of Membranes 376
5 Summary 380
References 380
PART IV: Transport Events in Single Cells
CHAPTER_24: Active Transport in Escherichia Colii From Membrane to
Molecule
H RONALD KABACK
1 Introduction 387
2 Membrane Vesicles and Active Transport: General Aspects 387
3 Energetics of Active Transport 389
4 Active Transport at the Molecular Level: The p-Galactoside Transport System 394
5 Summary 403
References 403
CHAPTER 25: Acidification of Intracellular Organelles: Mechanism and
Function
GARY RUDNICK
1 Introduction 409
2 Evidence for Acid Interior 409
3 Generation of ApH 411
4 Uses of ApH 415
5 The Nature of the ATPase 418
6 Conclusion 419
References 419
CONTENTS xxi
CHAPTER 26: Intracellular pH Regulation
WALTER F BORON
1 Introduction 423
2 Measurement of Intracellular pH 423
3 Cellular Buffering Processes 424
4 Effect of Externally Applied Weak Acids and Bases 426
5 Ion-Transport Systems 428
References 432
CHAPTER 27: Properties of Ionic Channels in Excitable Membranes
FRANCISCO BEZANILLA AND MICHAEL M WHITE
1 Introduction 437
2 How Do You Get a Resting Potential? 437
3 How Do You Change the Membrane Potential? 438
4 Ionic Channels 439
5 The Two-State Model 439
6 Real Channels Have More Than Two States 441
7 Na+ Channels 442
8K+ Channels 445
9 Summary 447
References 447
CHAPTER 28: Ion Movements in Skeletal Muscle in Relation to the Activation of
Contraction
HANS CHRISTOPH LUTTGAU AND GEORGE DIMITRIE STEPHENSON
1 Introduction 449
2 The Ultrastructure of the Tubular System in Skeletal Muscle Fibers 449
3 Electrical Properties of the Surface and Tubular Membrane 450
4 Inward Spread of Excitation 453
5 Cellular Ca?+ Movements Related to the Activation of Contraction 457
6 Summary 463
References 463
CHAPTER 29: Excitable Tissues: The Heart
RICHARD W TSIEN AND PETER HESS
1 Introduction 469
2 Multicellular Structure of the Heart 469
3 Electrical Activity in Different Regions of the Heart 472
4 Na+Channels and Excitability 473
5 Ca2+Channels and Slow Responses 476
6 K+ Channels Support the Resting Potential and Action Potential Repolarization 480
7 Inward Currents and Pacemaker Activity 481
8 Adrenergic and Cholinergic Modulation of Cardiac Activity 483
9 Summary 485
References 486
CHAPTER 30: Ion Transport through Ligand-Gated Channels
RICHARD W ALDRICH, VINCENT E DIONNE, EDWARD HAWROT,
AND CHARLES F STEVENS
1 Introduction and Overview 491
2 Structure of the Nicotinic AChR 493
3 Immunological Approaches to the Study of the Nicotinic AChR 496
4 Biogenesis, Membrane Localization, and Regulation 498
xxii CONTENTS
5 Dose-Response 503
6 Kinetics of Channel Gating 504
7 AChR Cation Selectivity and Permeation 507
8 Ligand-Gated Channels Other Than the AChR 508
9 An Emerging View of Transmitter-Activated Channels 510
References 511
PART V: Transport in Epithelia: Vectorial Transport through Parallel Arrays
CHAPTER 31: Cellular Models of Epithelial Ion Transport
STANLEY G SCHULTZ
1 Introduction 519
2 Models of Sodium- and Chloride-Absorbing Epithelial Cells 520
3 A Model for Active Chloride Secretion by Epithelial Cells 527
4 Summary 528
References 528
CHAPTER 32: Ion Transport by Gastric Mucosa
JOHN G FORTE AND TERRY E MACHEN
1 Introduction 535
2 Organization of Gastric Epithelial Cells 535
3 Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Oxyntic Cells 537
4 Metabolism and Energetics Associated with Gastric HC1 Secretion 539
5 Studies with Isolated Cell Fractions and Membranes 540
6 Electrophysiological and Tracer Flux Studies of Gastric Ion Transport 545
7 Summary 553
References 554
CHAPTER 33: Ion and Water Transport in the Intestine
DON W POWELL
1 Introduction 559
2 Models of Intestinal Na+, Cl~, and HzO Transport 559
3 Intestinal Na+ and CI- Absorption 561
4 Intestinal Na+ and Cl_ Secretion 567
5 HCO^, Short-Chain Fatty Acid, and K+ Transport 568
6 Shunt Pathway and Water Transport 571
7 Control of Intestinal Electrolyte Transport 572
8 Summary and Conclusions 583
References 583
CHAPTER 34: The Uptake of Lipids into the Intestinal Mucosa
HENRIK WESTERGAARD AND JOHN M DIETSCHY
1 Introduction 597
2 Chemical Species of Lipids That Are Involved during Fat Absorption 597
3 The Barriers to Lipid Absorption in the Intestine 598
4 Characteristics of the Intestinal Microvillus Membrane Barrier to Lipid
Absorption 600
5 Characteristics of the Intestinal Unstirred Water Layer Barrier to Lipid
Absorption 601
6 Characteristics of Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Absorption in the Intestine 603
7 Role of Bile Acid Micelles in Facilitating Lipid Absorption in the Intestine 605
CONTENTS xxiii
8 Nonpolar Lipids 606
9 Summary Description of the Process of Lipid Uptake 607
References 607
CHAPTER 35: Mechanisms of Bile Secretion and Hepatic Transport
JAMES L BOYER
1 Introduction 609
2 Structural Determinants of Bile Secretory Function 609
3 Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Water and Electrolyte Secretion 614
4 Other Primary Driving Forces for Canalicular Bile Secretion (Bile Acid-
Independent Secretion) 618
5 Model for Hepatocyte Water and Electrolyte Secretion 619
6 Physiological Modifiers of Hepatocyte Bile Formation 620
7 Organic Anion Solute Transport 622
8 Lipid Excretion in Bile 624
9 Proteins in Bile 626
10 Miscellaneous Substances Found in Bile 627
11 Bile Duct Function 627
12 Summary 628
References 628
CHAPTER 36: The Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mammalian
Kidneys
L GABRIEL NAVER, P DARWIN BELL, AND ANDREW P EVAN
1 Introduction 637
2 Ultrastructural Considerations 638
3 Characteristics of the Filtration Process 642
4 Quantitative Description of Glomerular Dynamics 648
5 Physiological Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate 651
6 Intrarenal Distribution of Glomerular Filtration Rate 660
7 Summary 661
References 661
CHAPTER 37: The Proximal Nephron
-GERHARD GIEBISCH AND PETER S ARONSON
1 General Properties of the Proximal Nephron 669
2 Distribution of Transport Functions along the Proximal Tubule 760
3 Transepithelial Potentials and Passive Permeabilities 672
4 NaCl and NaHC03 Transport 677
5 Solute-Solvent Coupling—-Role of the Intercellular Shunt Pathway 688
References 693
CHAPTER 38: The Effects of ADH on Salt and Water Transport in the
Mammalian Nephron: The Collecting Duct and Thick Ascending
Limb of Henle
STEVEN C HEBERT AND THOMAS E ANDREOLI
( Introduction 701
2 Intracellular Mediators of ADH Action 701
3 The Medullary Thick Ascending Limb 702
4 The Collecting Tubule 704
5 Homology of Hormone Action 707
6 Modulation of the ADH Response 708
7 Summary: Integration of ADH Action on Urinary Concentration 709
References 709
xxiv CONTENTS
CHAPTER 39: Urinary Concentrating and Diluting Processes
MARK A KNEPPER AND JOHN L STEPHENSON
( Introduction 713
2 Renal Structure 713
3 Basic Concepts 715
4 Handling of Individual Solutes in the Medulla 718
5 Properties of the Thin Limbs of Henle s Loops 720
6 Concentration in the Inner Medulla 721
7 Summary 724
References 724
CHAPTER 40: Transport Functions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule
LINDA S COSTANZO AND ERICH E WINDHAGER
1 Introduction 727
2 Structural Heterogeneity 727
3 Transepithelial Net Transport of Solutes and Water 728
4 Electrophysiological Considerations 739
5 Mechanisms of Transport 741
6 Summary : 744
References 744
CHAPTER 41: The Respiratory Epithelium
MICHAEL J WELSH
1 Introduction 751
2 The Tracheal Epithelium 751
3 The Bronchial Epithelium 758
4 The Alveolar Epithelium 759
5 The Fetal Lung 761
6 Summary 762
References 763
PART VI: Clinical Disorders of Membrane Transport Processes
CHAPTER 42: The Cellular Basis of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure
ALEXANDER LEAF, ANTHONY D C MACKNIGHT, JOSEPH Y
CHEUNG, AND JOSEPH V BONVENTRE
1 Introduction 769
2 Ischemic Injury 769
3 Summary 779
References 779 •
CHAPTER 43: Genetic Variants Affecting the Structure and Function of the
Human Red Cell Membrane
JOHN C PARKER AND LEE R BERKOWITZ
1 Introduction 785
2 Intrinsic Membrane Abnormalities 785
3 Hemoglobinopathies 791
4 Endocrine Disorders 794
5 Manic-Depressive Disease 794
6 Essential Hypertension 795
7 Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders 798
8 Adenosine Deaminase Variants 800
References 801
CONTENTS XXV
CHAPTER 44: Inherited Membrane Disorders of Muscle: Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy and Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
GORDON A PLISHKER AND STANLEY H APPEL
1 Introduction 815
2 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy 815
3 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 819
4 Summary 821
References 821
CHAPTER 45: Disorders of Muscle: The Periodic Paralyses
ROBERT L RUFF AND ALBERT M GORDON
1 Introduction 825
2 Clinical Features 825
3 Pathophysiology of the Periodic Paralysis 828
4 Therapy and Its Rationale 834
5 Summary 834
References 835
CHAPTER 46: Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias
ROBERT F GILMOUR, JR AND DOUGLAS P ZIPES
1 Introduction 841
2 Abnormalities of Impulse Propagation 844
3 Interactions between Abnormal Impulse Formation and Propagation 846
4 Electrophysiological Mechanisms Responsible for Clinically Occurring
Arrhythmias 848
5 Summary 855
References 855
CHAPTER 47: Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease
LEONARD R JOHNSON
1 Introduction 861
2 Gastric vs Duodenal Ulcer 862
-— 3 Acid-Pepsin Secretion 862
4 ~Mucosal Resistance 865
5 Conclusions 868
References 869
CHAPTER 48: Malabsorption Syndromes
HENRIK WESTERGAARD AND JOHN M DIETSCHY
1 Introduction 873
2 Lipid Digestion and Absorption 873
3 Normal Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids 876
4 Carbohydrate and Protein Digestion and Absorption 877
5 Tests of Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Function 878
6 Diseases Affecting Normal Digestion or Absorption 880
7 Summary 883
References 884
CHAPTER 49: Pathophysiology of Calcium Absorptive Disorders
STANLEY J BIRGE AND LOUIS V AVIOLI
1 Introduction 887
2 Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption 887
xxvi CONTENTS
3 Sites of Calcium Absorption 888
4 Mechanism of Calcium Absorption 889
5 The Role of Vitamin D 890
6 Clinical Disorders Associated with Alterations in Calcium Absorption - 892
7 Increased Absorption of Calcium 893
8 Malabsorption of Calcium 895
9 Drug-Induced Inhibition of Calcium Absorption 896
10 Nutritional Factors 897
References 898
CHAPTER 50: Cystic Fibrosis
JOHN A MANGOS
1 Introduction 907
2 Clinical Features 907
3 Prognosis 908
4 Genetics 908
5 Pathogenesis 908
6 Animal Models 913
7 Commentary 913
8 Summary 915
References 915
CHAPTER 51: Disorders of Glomerular Filtration
ROLAND C BLANTZ AND JUAN C PELAYO
1 Introduction 919
2 Some General Truths 919
3 Some General Observations on the Mechanism of Change in GFR in the
Physiologic Setting 920
4 Potential Interactions among the Determinants of Glomerular Ultrafiltration 920
5 The Influence of Humoral and Hormonal Substances upon Glomerular
Ultrafiltration 921
6 Angiotensin II 922
7 The Adrenergic Nervous System 922
8 ADH, cAMP 924
9 Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Kinins 924
10 PTH, Ca2+ 925
11 Papaverine, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Methylprednisolone 925
12 The Final Common Pathway Viewpoint 926
13 Glomerular Ultrafiltration in Altered Physiologic States 926
14 Influences of Tubuloglomerular Feedback System on the Process of Glomerular
Filtration 928
15 Pathophysiologic Conditions 929
16 Glomerular Immune Injury 931
17 Glomerular Effects of Systemic Hypertension 932
18 Isolated Glomeruli in Vitro 932
19 Causes of Progressive Reduction in GFR 933
20 Summary 933
References 933
CHAPTER 52: The Hypertonic and Hypotonic Syndromes
R MICHAEL CULPEPPER, STEVEN C HEBERT, AND THOMAS E
ANDREOLI
1 Introduction 939
2 Antidiuretic Hormone 940
3 Thirst 944
4 The Hypertonic Syndromes 945
CONTENTS xxvii
5 The Hypotonic Syndromes 948
6 Summary 952
References 952
CHAPTER 53: Disorders of Proton Secretion by the Kidney
PHILIP R STEINMETZ AND JOSEPH PALMISANO
1 Introduction 957
2 Proton Transport across Urinary Epithelia 957
3 Functional Organization of H+ Secretion in the Kidney 964
4 The Renal Acidoses 966
5 Reduced Nephron Population 966
6 Renal Hypoperfusion 967
7 Renal Tubular Acidosis 968
8 Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis 968
9 Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis 970
10 Impaired Excretion of Net Acid and Potassium (Normal pH Gradient Formation) 975
11 Clinical Aspects of Renal Tubular Acidosis and Associated Disorders of
Electrolyte Transport 977
12 Summary 978
References 979
CHAPTER 54: Cystinosis and the Fanconi Syndrome
JERRY A SCHNEIDER AND JOSEPH D SCHULMAN
1 Introduction 985
2 Historical Resume 985
3 Clinical and Pathological Features 985
4 Chemistry and Metabolism of Cystine 989
5 Other Causes of the Fanconi Syndrome 991
6 Treatment 992
7 Summary 993
References 994
CHAPTER 55: Renal Tubular Defects in Phosphate and Amino Acid Transport
RALPH A DEFRONZO AND SAMUEL O THIER
J Introduction 999
2 Defects in Phosphate Transport Processes 999
3 Aminoacidurias 1QQ7
4 Summary 1013
References 1013
CHAPTER 56: Pulmonary Edema
AUBREY E TAYLOR AND BENGT RIPPE
1 Introduction 1025
2 Starling Force Analysis 1026
3 Safety Factors Associated with Hydrostatic Edemas 1030
4 Safety Factors Associated with Noncardiac Edema 1032
5 Mechanisms of Intraalveolar Edema Formation 1034
6 Summary 1035
References 1036
Index 1041
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026442952 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)610635633 (DE-599)BVBBV026442952 |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV026442952 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:12:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 030641774X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022013875 |
| oclc_num | 610635633 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 |
| publishDate | 1986 |
| publishDateSearch | 1986 |
| publishDateSort | 1986 |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Physiology of membrane disorders 2. ed. 1986 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biological Transport cabt Cell Membranes cabt Physiology cabt Physiopathologie cabt Metabolic Disorders cabt Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd rswk-swf Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s 1\p DE-604 Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 s 2\p DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022013875&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Physiology of membrane disorders Biological Transport cabt Cell Membranes cabt Physiology cabt Physiopathologie cabt Metabolic Disorders cabt Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044898-8 (DE-588)4006884-5 (DE-588)4045981-0 |
| title | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_auth | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_exact_search | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_full | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_fullStr | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_short | Physiology of membrane disorders |
| title_sort | physiology of membrane disorders |
| topic | Biological Transport cabt Cell Membranes cabt Physiology cabt Physiopathologie cabt Metabolic Disorders cabt Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd Biomembran (DE-588)4006884-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biological Transport Cell Membranes Physiology Physiopathologie Metabolic Disorders Pathophysiologie Biomembran Physiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022013875&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |