An introduction to Finnish law:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Helsinki
Kauppakaari
2002
|
| Ausgabe: | 2., rev. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 582 S. |
| ISBN: | 9521403403 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to Finnish law |c ed. by Juha Pöyhönen |
| 250 | |a 2., rev. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Helsinki |b Kauppakaari |c 2002 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | VII
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION V
THE AUTHORS VI
CONTENTS VII
I INTRODUCTION 1
1. GENERAL VIEW 2
2. ON LEGAL THINKING 5
3. THE NATURE OF THE LEGAL ORDER OF FINLAND 12
4. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY 13
5. THE CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE 16
5.1. SOME REMARKS ON THE WELFARE STATE 16
5.2 THE FUTURE? 20
II SOURCES OF LAW AND MATERIAL ON
THE SOURCES OF LAW 21
1. DEFINITIONS AND STARTING POINTS 22
2. SOURCES OF LAW AND THEIR IMPORTANCE 24
2.1 LEGISLATION 26
2.2 TRAVAUX PREPARATOIRES 28
2.3 COURT DECISIONS 29
2.4 JURISPRUDENCE 30
2.5 PERMITTED SUBSTANTIVE SOURCES 30
III CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS 31
1. THE CONSTITUTION OF FINLAND 32
2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 32
3. CITIZENSHIP 35
4. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS 36
5. PARLIAMENT AND LEGISLATION 38
THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW COMMITTEE 40
6. THE PRESIDENT AND THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 42
7. THE JUDICIARY AND THE CONSTITUTION 45
SUPREME COURT RULING 1997:141 48
SUPREME ADMINISTRATIVE COURT CASE 27 NOVEMBER 2000
NO. 3118 49
8. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES IN FINNISH COURTS. 50
VIII
SUPREME COURT CASE 1993:58 51
DEPORTATION 52
SAMI CASES UNDER CCPR ARTICLE 27 53
9. THE OMBUDSMAN, THE CHANCELLOR OF JUSTICE AND THE
HIGH COURT OF IMPEACHMENT 54
10. SELF-GOVERNMENT 54
11. AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION 55
12. FURTHER READING IN ENGLISH 56
IV THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 59
1. GENERAL STARTING-POINTS 60
2. COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE 64
3. CONTRACT LAW 79
3.1 THE FORMATION OF CONTRACTS 80
THE GENERAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF
CONTRACTS 80
3.2 THE SITUATION-SPECIFIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE
FORMATION OF A CONTRACT 84
3.3 THE INVALIDITY OF CONTRACTS 88
3.4 THE CONTENTS OF CONTRACTS 89
3.5 SPECIAL TYPES OF CONTRACTS 94
3.5.1 SALE 94
3.5.2 OBLIGATIONS REGARDING DEBTS OF MONEY 104
4. UNJUST ENRICHMENT ILL
V BUSINESS LAW 115
1. THE REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN GENERAL 116
2. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND CORPORATION FORMS 120
2.1 REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 120
2.2 OVERVIEW OF CORPORATION FORMS 124
2.3 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 125
2.4 GENERAL PARTNERSHIP AND LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 126
2.5 LIMITED COMPANY 131
2.5.1 OVERVIEW 131
2.5.2 FORMATION OF A LIMITED COMPANY 139
2.5.3 SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS 141
2.5.4 COMPANY ORGANS AND DECISION-MAKING 144
2.5.5 PROFIT SHARING 148
IX
2.5.6 QUESTIONS OF LIABILITY AND THE POSITION OF
CREDITORS 150
2.6 COOPERATIVE 151
2.7 NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS 152
2.7.1 HOUSING COMPANY 152
2.7.2 NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATION 154
2.7.3 FOUNDATION 156
3. MARKET LAW 157
3.1 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BUSINESS AND THE CUSTOMER . 159
3.1.1 CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW AND THE
CONSUMER AUTHORITIES 160
3.1.2 MARKETING AND THE REGULATION OF THE SAME 161
3.1.3 REGULATION OFTERMS OF CONTRACT 163
3.1.4 PRODUCT SAFETY AND PRODUCT LIABILITY 164
3.2 RELATIONS BETWEEN BUSINESSES 166
VI LABOUR LAW AND NON-DISCRIMINATION LAW.. 169
1. THE FINNISH INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYSTEM 170
1.1 HISTORY 170
1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 170
1.3 INCOMES POLICY 171
1.4 DISTINCTIVE FINNISH FEATURES 171
2. FINNISH LABOUR LAW 173
2.1 HISTORICAL ROOTS 173
2.2 NEW DEVELOPMENTS 174
2.3 LEADING PRINCIPLES OF FINNISH LABOUR LAW 174
2.4 LEGAL SOURCES OF LABOUR LAW 175
2.5 JURISPRUDENCE 176
2.6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 177
3. THE INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 178
3.1 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS - THE EMPLOYMENT
RELATIONSHIP 178
3.1.1 THE FORM AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF AN
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 180
3.1.2 DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYEE 181
3.1.3 WAGES 182
3.1.4 WAGES WHERE THE COMPLETION OF WORK IS
PREVENTED 183
X
3.1.5 THE GENERAL APPLICABILITY OF COLLECTIVE
AGREEMENTS 183
3.1.6 OTHER EMPLOYER DUTIES - WORKING TIME,
FREE TIME, ANNUAL VACATION, AND HEALTH AND
SAFETY 185
3.1.7 TEMPORARY LAY-OFFS 188
3.1.8 TERMINATION OF AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 189
3.1.9 TERMINATION BY NOTICE 190
3.1.10 RESCISSION OF AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 193
4. COLLECTIVE LABOUR RELATIONS 193
4.1 BACKGROUND 193
4.2 STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS... 194
4.3 THE FORM AND PARTIES TO COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 196
4.4 CONTENTS OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 196
4.5 LEGAL EFFECTS AND SCOPE OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS... 197
4.6 INDUSTRIAL PEACE 198
4.7 THE LABOUR COURT 199
4.8 MEDIATION IN LABOUR CONFLICTS 200
4.9 CO-OPERATION WITHIN THE ENTERPRISE 200
4.10 REPRESENTATION ON THE BOARD AND PERSONNEL FUNDS 203
5. NON-DISCRIMINATION LAW 204
5.1 BACKGROUND 204
5.2 PROTECTION OF UNION ACTIVITIES 205
5.3 GENERAL BAN ON DISCRIMINATION 206
5.4 THE ACT ON EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 207
VII PROPERTY LAW 211
1. PROPERTY LAW AS A LEGAL DISCIPLINE 212
1.1 PROPERTY LAW AS A PART OF FINNISH LEGAL SYSTEM 212
1.2 FUTURE PROSPECTS OF PROPERTY LAW 215
2. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION 216
3. SOURCES OF LAW AND LEGISLATION IN PROPERTY LAW 218
3.1 GENERAL 218
3.2 EXAMINATION OF LEGISLATION 219
4. OBJECTS AND PROPERTY 225
4.1 IMMOVABLES AND MOVABLES 225
4.1.1 GENERAL 225
4.1.2 IMMOVABLES 227
XI
4.1.3 MOVABLES 228
4.2 CONSTITUENT PARTS AND APPURTENANCES OF AN OBJECT 231
4.3 REAL PROPERTY AND PERSONAL PROPERTY 233
5. OWNERSHIP 234
5.1 THE CONCEPT OF OWNERSHIP 234
5.2 JOINT OWNERSHIP 236
6. PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY, POSSESSION AND THE REGISTRATION
SYSTEM 236
6.1 PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY AND PROTECTION OF GOOD
FAITH IN PROPERTY LAW 236
6.2 THE CONCEPT OF POSSESSION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
GENERALLY 239
6.3 REGISTRATION IN REAL PROPERTY LAW 241
6.3.1 GENERAL 241
6.3.2 THE REGISTRATION OF TITLE TO REAL PROPERTY 241
6.3.3 MORTGAGE AND LIEN ON REAL ESTATE 243
6.3.4 REGISTRATION OF SPECIAL RIGHTS 244
VIII INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW 245
1. BACKGROUND 246
2. COPYRIGHT 248
2.1 LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT 248
2.2 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PROTECTED WORKS 249
2.3 WORKS EXCLUDED FROM PROTECTION 253
2.4 CONDITIONS OF PROTECTION 254
2.5 OWNERSHIP 255
2.6 ASSIGNMENT OF COPYRIGHT 258
2.7 LICENCES 258
2.8 SCOPE OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 261
2.9 EXPLOITATION RIGHTS 263
2.10 ADAPTATION RIGHTS 265
2.11 DROIT DE SUITE AND RESALE REMUNERATION 265
2.12 PUBLIC LENDING RIGHT AND BLANK TAPE LEVY 266
2.13 LIMITATION TO OR EXEMPTIONS FROM THE SCOPE OF
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 266
2.14 DURATION OF PROTECTION 271
2.15 NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 271
2.16 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 275
XII
3. PATENTS 276
3.1 BACKGROUND 276
3.2 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 277
3.3 CONDITIONS OF PATENTABILITY 279
3.4 FORMALITIES (PROCEDURES FOR ISSUING AND OBTAINING
PATENT PROTECTION) 282
3.5 OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER (ASSIGNMENT LICENCES) 283
3.6 SCOPE OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS ., 286
3.7 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TO THE SCOPE OF
PATENT PROTECTION - COMPULSORY LICENCES 288
3.8 DURATION OF PROTECTION MAINTENANCE AND
TERMINATION OF PATENT PROTECTION 291
3.9 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 294
4. TRADEMARKS 297
4.1 BACKGROUND 297
4.2 SIGNS WHICH MAY SERVE AS TRADEMARKS 297
4.3 CONDITIONS OF PROTECTION 299
4.4 FORMALITIES (PROCEDURE FOR ACQUIRING PROTECTION,
ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING TRADEMARK 304
4.5 OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER (ASSIGNMENT LICENCES) 306
4.6 SCOPE OF THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 307
4.7 LIMITATION OF THE SCOPE OF TRADEMARK PROTECTION ... 308
4.8 USE REQUIREMENTS 311
4.9 DURATION OF PROTECTION - RENEWAL - TERMINATION .... 311
4.10 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 312
IX FAMILY AND INHERITANCE LAW 315
1. INTRODUCTION 316
1.1 THE CULTURAL PLACE OF THE FINNISH LEGAL SYSTEM 316
1.2 NORDIC INFLUENCES 316
1.3 THE EUROPEAN UNION AND FINNISH FAMILY LAW 317
1.4 JUSTICE AND THE WELFARE STATE 318
1.5 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGULATION ON BASIC AND
HUMAN RIGHTS TO FAMILY AND INHERITANCE LAW 319
1.6 THE CHANGE IN POPULATION STRUCTURE AND FAMILY
LAW 320
1.7 THE CHALLENGE TO FAMILY LAW FROM THE DIFFERENT
FORMS OF FAMILIES 321
XIII
2. THE SOURCES OF LAW IN FAMILY AND INHERITANCE LAW 322
2.1 THE DOCTRINE ON THE SOURCES OF LAW 322
2.2 THE SOURCES OF LEGISLATION IN FAMILY AND
INHERITANCE LAW 323
2.3 THE CENTRAL AREAS OF REGULATION WITHIN FAMILY LAW 325
2.4 THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF FAMILY AND INHERITANCE LAW 326
3. FAMILY AND INHERITANCE LAW IN LEGAL EDUCATION 327
3.1 THE EDUCATION OFFERED 327
3.2 THE CONTENTS OF THE EDUCATION 327
4. THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHILD LAW 328
4.1 THE CORE OF CHILD LAW AND ITS CONNECTIONS 328
4.2 A CHILD S BIRTH 328
4.3 THE JURIDICAL MOTHER 328
4.4 THE JURIDICAL FATHER 329
4.5 ADOPTION 330
4.6 DETERMINING THE CUSTODY OF A CHILD 331
4.7 TAKING A CHILD INTO CARE 331
4.8 THE DETERMINATION OF A CHILD S GUARDIANSHIP 332
4.9 CHILD MAINTENANCE 333
4.10 MAINTENANCE ALLOWANCE 335
4.11 THE CHILD S PLACE OF RESIDENCE 336
4.12 RIGHT OF ACCESS 336
5. THE REGULATION OF COUPLES 338
5.1 FOUR FORMS OF FAMILIES 338
5.2 THE REGULATIONS ON COHABITATION 338
5.3 THE REGULATIONS ON MARRIAGE 340
5.4 ENGAGEMENT 340
5.5 THE IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE 340
5.6 THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY 341
5.7 DIVORCE 341
5.8 THE SPOUSES PROPERTY 342
6. THE LAW OF INHERITANCES AND WILLS 343
6.1 THE LEGAL BASIS 343
6.2 THE GENERAL CRITERIA FOR SUCCESSION 344
6.3 THE SYSTEM OF PARENTELIC SUCCESSION 344
6.4 THE POSITION OF THE SURVIVING SPOUSE 345
6.5 THE RIGHT OF THE STATE TO THE ESTATE 345
6.6 THE INVENTORY OF THE ESTATE 346
XIV
6.7 THE PARTIES TO THE ESTATE 346
6.8 THE CONSENSUS PRINCIPLE 346
6.9 OFFICIAL SETTLING OF THE ESTATE 347
6.10 THE EXECUTOR OF A WILL 347
6.11 THE STANDARD FORM OF THE WILL 347
6.12 THE EMERGENCY WILL 348
6.13 THE TESTATOR 348
6.14 THE REQUIREMENT OF CLEAR WILL 349
6.15 THE GENERAL WILL AND THE LEGACY 349
6.16 THE EXTENT OF THE RIGHTS RECEIVED UNDER THE WILL. 349
6.17 THE SETTLING OF A WILL 350
6.18 THE ACCEPTANCE OF A WILL 350
6.19 THE FORCED PORTION OF A LINEAL DESCENDANT 351
6.20 THE INTERPRETATION OF A WILL 351
6.21 THE REVOKING OF A WILL 352
6.22 THE MUTUAL WILL 352
6.23 THE ACTIONS ON THE BASIS OF A WILL 352
6.24 THE DISTRIBUTION OF AN ESTATE 353
6.25 THE FORM OF THE DISTRIBUTION 354
7. THE FUTURE CHALLENGES TO FAMILY LAW 355
7-1 THE VALUES OF SOCIETY AND CHANGE IN THE LAW 355
7.2 LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS CURRENTLY PENDING 355
X LEGAL PROCEDURE 357
1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 358
2. THE PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF PROCEDURAL LAW 359
3. THE FOUNDATION OF PROCEDURAL LAW 360
4. DIVISIONS OF PROCEDURAL LAW 362
5. THE MAIN PRINCIPLES OF PROCEDURAL LAW 363
6. THE FINNISH COURT ORGANIZATION 365
6.1 THE FOUNDATIONS AND THE DIVISION 365
6.2 THE GENERAL LOWER COURTS 366
6.3 APPEAL COURTS 367
6.4 THE SUPREME COURT 368
6.5 THE SPECIAL COURTS 369
7. THE ADVOCATES 370
7.1 THE USE OF AN ATTORNEY AND TRIAL COUNSEL 370
7.2 THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF AN ADVOCATE 371
XV
7.3 THE ADVOCATES DUTIES AND THEIR SUPERVISION 372
7.4 THE ADVOCATE S FEE 372
7.5 LEGAL AID 373
8. THE PROCEDURE IN A CIVIL CASE IN THE LOWER COURT 373
8.1 THE GENERAL CONTENTS OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE 373
8.2 THE INSTITUTION AND PREPARATION OF A CIVIL ACTION .. 374
8.3 THE MAIN HEARING 375
8.4 THE MINUTES OF THE PROCEEDINGS AND THE JUDGMENT 376
9. THE PROCESSING OF NON-CONTENTIOUS CIVIL CASES 377
10. THE PROCESSING OF CRIMINAL CASES 379
10.1 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AND COERCIVE MEANS 379
10.2 THE COMPLAINANTS, THE PROSECUTORS AND THE
CONSIDERATION OF CHARGES 381
10.3 THE REGULAR CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 382
10.4 THE REFORM OF LOWER COURT PROCEEDINGS IN
CRIMINAL MATTERS 384
10.5 THE SPECIAL FORMS OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 385
11. APPEAL 386
12. THE COMPENSATION OF LITIGATION EXPENSES 388
12.1 THE IMPOSING OF EXPENSES 388
12.2 LIABILITY TO RECOMPENSE IN CIVIL MATTERS 389
12.3 LIABILITY TO PROVIDE COMPENSATION IN CRIMINAL
MATTERS 389
12.4 LIABILITY TO PROVIDE COMPENSATION IN NON-
CONTENTIOUS CIVIL CASES 390
13. COST-FREE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 390
13.1 THE HISTORY OF COST-FREE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 390
13.2 THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE NEW SYSTEM OF LEGAL AID 392
14. ARBITRATION 393
15. ENFORCEMENT 395
15.1 THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 395
15.2 THE ENFORCEMENT OF DOMESTIC JUDGMENTS 396
15.3 THE ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 398
16. BANKRUPTCY LAW AND THE REGULATION OF THE DEBTOR S
INSOLVENCY 399
16.1 BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE 399
16.2 THE CREDITORS ORDER OF PRIORITY TO RECEIVE
PAYMENT 400
XVI
16.3 THE REARRANGEMENT OF PRIVATE PERSONS DEBTS 400
16.4 THE REORGANIZATION OF AN ENTERPRISE 401
BIBLIOGRAPHY 402
XI ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 403
1 SOURCES, FUNCTIONS, AND RELATIONSHIPS 404
1.1 SOURCES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 404
CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 404
STATUTORY SOURCES 404
RULE OF LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION 405
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 407
1.2 FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY 408
1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW RELATIONSHIPS 410
1.3.1 REGULATORY RELATIONSHIPS 410
1.3.2 CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS 411
1.3.3 SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS 412
1.3.4 ADMINISTRATIVE RULE-MAKING 413
2. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 414
2.1 GOOD ADMINISTRATION 414
OPENNESS IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 415
THE SERVICE PRINCIPLE 416
EQUALITY 416
OBJECTIVITY AND NEUTRALITY 417
2.2 INITIATION OF THE PROCEDURE 417
FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 417
LOCUS STANDI 418
2.3 PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR RIGHTS 418
2.3.1 PARTICIPANTS: PARTIES AND THIRD PERSONS 418
2.3.2 RIGHT TO BE HEARD (AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM) 420
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO BE HEARD 420
SCOPE AND METHODS OF HEARING 420
EXCEPTIONS TO THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD 421
2.3.3 THE PARTY S ACCESS TO CASE DOCUMENTS 422
2.3.4 RIGHT OF LEGAL REPRESENTATION AND ASSISTANCE 424
2.3.5 DUTIES OF THE PARTICIPANTS 424
2.4 EXAMINATION OF THE CASE 425
2.5 GROUNDS FOR ESTABLISHING BIAS 425
2.6 OUTCOME OF THE PROCEDURE 427
XVII
2.6.1 DECISION-MAKING PROCEDURE 427
PRESENTATION 427
CONTENTS OF THE DECISION AND STATEMENT OF
REASONS 428
APPEAL INSTRUCTIONS 429
2.6.2 NOTIFICATION OF THE DECISION 429
2.6.3 LEGAL QUALITIES OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 430
FORCE OF LAW 430
ENFORCEABILITY 430
RESJUDICATA 432
2.7 CORRECTION OF PROCEDURAL ERRORS 433
2.7.1 EFFECTS OF PROCEDURAL ERROR ON THE OUTCOME
OF DIE PROCEDURE 433
2.7.2 CORRECTION PROCEDURE 433
MATERIALLY DEFECTIVE DECISION 434
FORMALLY DEFECTIVE DECISION 434
RECTIFICATION PROCEDURE 434
3. SUPERVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY 435
3.1 ACCESS TO INFORMATION 435
3.1.1 PRINCIPLE OF PUBLIC ACCESS TO ADMINISTRATIVE
DOCUMENTS 435
OBLIGATION TO PROMOTE OPENNESS 436
PRESUMPTION OF ACCESSIBILITY 437
3.1.2 PUBLIC DOCUMENTS 437
DOCUMENT 438
GOVERNMENT BODIES 438
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 439
3.1.3 PREPARATORY DOCUMENTS 439
3.1.4 SECRET DOCUMENTS AND NON-DISCLOSURE 441
CRITERIA OF SECRECY 441
THE GROUNDS OF SECRECY 442
DUTY OF NON-DISCLOSURE 443
3.1.5 OBTAINING ACCESS TO AN OFFICIAL DOCUMENT... 444
3.1.6 APPEAL 445
3.2 SUPERVISION OF LEGALITY 446
3.2.1 AUTHORITIES 446
ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLAINT 446
4. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION 448
XVIII
4.1 SYSTEM OF JUDICIAL REVIEW 448
CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 448
THE COURT STRUCTURE 449
4.2 ACCESS TO JUSTICE 450
4.2.1 GUARANTEES OF THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE .. 450
4.2.2 STANDING 450
PRIVATE PARTIES 450
ASSOCIATIONS STANDING 451
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES STANDING 452
STANDING IN MUNICIPAL APPEAL 452
4.2.3 REVIEWABILITY 453
AUTHORITIES WHOSE DECISIONS ARE
REVIEWABLE 454
4.3 REMEDIES 455
ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL 455
ADMINISTRATIVE LITIGATION 456
EXTRAORDINARY LEGAL REMEDIES 456
INTERIM RELIEF 457
4.4 GROUNDS AND SCOPE OF REVIEW 458
REVIEW ON ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL 459
REVIEW ON MUNICIPAL APPEAL 460
LEGALITY AND EXPEDIENCY 460
CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW 461
4.5 JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 462
LODGING OF AN APPEAL 462
RIGHT TO BE HEARD 463
INQUISITORIAL AND ADVERSARIAL REVIEW 464
THE JUDGEMENT 465
ACCESS TO SUPERIOR COURTS 465
COSTS 466
LEGAL AID 466
XII SOCIAL LAW 467
1. SOCIAL LAW AS A SPECIAL SPHERE OF LAW 468
2. SOCIAL LAW WITHIN THE WHOLE LEGAL SYSTEM 469
3. BENEFITS AND NON-VOLUNTARY MEASURES 470
4. THE SECTIONS OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM 471
5. PUBLIC HEALTH CARE 473
XIX
6. THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL LAW 474
6.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 474
6.2 THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL LAW 475
6.2.1 THE SOURCES OF THE PRINCIPLES 475
6.2.2 SOCIAL WELFARE 476
6.2.3 HEALTH CAR 482
7. SOCIAL RIGHTS 483
7.1 THE CATEGORIES OF SOCIAL RIGHTS 483
7.2 SOCIAL HUMAN RIGHTS 483
7.3 BASIC SOCIAL RIGHTS 484
7.4 SOCIAL RIGHTS GUARANTEED IN ORDINARY LEGISLATION .. 485
7.5 THE EFFECT OF EU LAW ON SOCIAL RIGHTS 487
8. NON-VOLUNTARY MEASURES 488
8.1 THE BREAK-THROUGH OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-
DETERMINATION 488
8.2 PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT 489
8.3 CHILD WELFARE 489
8.4 THE POSITION OF INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS 490
9. LEGAL SAFEGUARDS 491
9.1 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 491
9.2 ORDINARY APPEAL 493
9.2.1 MUNICIPAL SOCIAL WELFARE AND HEALTH CARE .... 493
9.2.2 SOCIAL INSURANCE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE 494
9.2.3 NON-VOLUNTARY MEASURES 494
9.3 EXTRAORDINARY MEANS OF APPEAL 496
9.4 OTHER LEGAL SAFEGUARDS 496
XIII ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 499
1. FOUNDATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 500
1.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 500
1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 501
1.3 THE SYSTEMS OF REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW . 503
1.4 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 505
1.5 THE PUBLIC S OPPORTUNITIES OF INFLUENCE AND THE
RIGHT OF APPEAL 507
1.6 THE ORGANIZATION OF AUTHORITIES 509
2. LAND USE PLANNING 510
XX
2.1 FOUNDATIONS OF LEGISLATION 510
2.2 NATIONWIDE GOALS AND THE PROVINCIAL PLAN 512
2.3 MUNICIPAL-LEVEL PLANNING 512
2.4 PLANNING PROCEDURE 514
3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 516
3.1 FOUNDATIONS 516
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 517
3.3 PROJECTS TO BE ASSESSED 518
3.4 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 518
3.5 TAKING THE ASSESSMENT RESULTS INTO ACCOUNT 520
3.6 ASSESSMENT OF TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS 520
3.7 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 521
4. PROTECTION AND USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 521
4.1 NATURE CONSERVATION ACT 521
4.1.1 FUNDAMENTALS 521
4.1.2 NATURE CONSERVATION PLANNING 523
4.1.3 NATURE RESERVES 524
4.1.4 PROTECTION OF BIOTOPES AND LANDSCAPE 526
4.1.5 PROTECTION OF SPECIES OF FLORA AND FAUNA 526
4.1.6 APPEAL 528
4.2 USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 528
4.2.1 FUNDAMENTALS 528
4.2.2 USE OF EXTRACTABLE LAND RESOURCES 529
4.2.3 UTILIZATION OF FORESTS 531
4.2.4 WATER MANAGEMENT 534
5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 536
5.1 FOUNDATIONS 536
5.2 GOALS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 537
5.3 PRINCIPLES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 538
5.4 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS 539
5.5 GENERAL BANS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 540
5.6 DECREES OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 541
5.7 REQUIREMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT 542
5.8 PERMIT PROCEDURE AND PERMIT ASSESSMENT 543
5-9 APPEAL AND CONTROL 546
6. COMPENSATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 547
6.1 FOUNDATIONS OF THE ACT ON COMPENSATION FOR
XXI
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 547
6.2 LIABLE PARTIES 548
6.3 DAMAGES TO BE COMPENSATED 549
6.4 OBLIGATION TO TOLERATE 550
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE INSURANCE 550
7. ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LIABILITY 552
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 554
XIVTAXLAW 557
1. INTRODUCTION 558
2. ON TAX LAW AS A PART OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND ON
RESEARCH ON TAX LAW 559
3. INCOME TAXATION 560
3.1 BACKGROUND AND GENERAL STRUCTURE 560
3.2 CAPITAL INCOME 564
3.2.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 564
3.2.2 INTEREST 564
3.2.3 DIVIDENDS 565
3.2.4 CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES 566
3.2.5 INTEREST EXPENSES 567
3.3 EARNED INCOME 568
3.4 TAXES PAYABLE ; 569
3.5 BUSINESS TAXATION 570
3.5.1 THE CALCULATION OF BUSINESS INCOME 570
3.5.2 THE DIVISION OF BUSINESS INCOME INTO EARNED
INCOME AND CAPITAL INCOME 571
3.5.3 CORPORATE TAX 573
3.6 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF INCOME TAXATION 573
3.6.1 RESIDENTS AND NON-RESIDENTS 573
3.6.2 TAX TREATIES 574
3.6.3 THE TAXATION OF FOREIGN INCOME 574
3.6.4 THE TAXATION OF NON-RESIDENTS 575
3.6.5 THE ARM S LENGTH RULE FOR INTERNATIONAL
TRANSACTIONS 576
3.6.6 THE ACT ON OFF-SHORE COMPANIES 576
3.7 ANTI-AVOIDANCE CLAUSE 577
3.8 PROCEDURE AND APPEALS 577
4. THE NET WEALTH TAX, THE INHERITANCE AND GIFT TAX AND
XXII
THE PROPERTY TAX 578
5. VALUE-ADDEDTAX 580
6. OTHER TAXES AND LEVIES 580
7. FUTURE ASPECTS 581
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Pöyhönen, Juha |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | j p jp |
| author_facet | Pöyhönen, Juha |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026412591 |
| classification_rvk | PU 4040 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)248557160 (DE-599)BVBBV026412591 |
| dewey-full | 349.4897 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 349 - Law of specific jurisdictions & areas |
| dewey-raw | 349.4897 |
| dewey-search | 349.4897 |
| dewey-sort | 3349.4897 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 2., rev. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Finnland |
| id | DE-604.BV026412591 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:11:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9521403403 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021986734 |
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| physical | XXII, 582 S. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Kauppakaari |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | An introduction to Finnish law ed. by Juha Pöyhönen 2., rev. ed. Helsinki Kauppakaari 2002 XXII, 582 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 gnd rswk-swf Finnland (DE-588)4017243-0 g Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s DE-604 Pöyhönen, Juha edt SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021986734&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | An introduction to Finnish law Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4017243-0 |
| title | An introduction to Finnish law |
| title_auth | An introduction to Finnish law |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to Finnish law |
| title_full | An introduction to Finnish law ed. by Juha Pöyhönen |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to Finnish law ed. by Juha Pöyhönen |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to Finnish law ed. by Juha Pöyhönen |
| title_short | An introduction to Finnish law |
| title_sort | an introduction to finnish law |
| topic | Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Recht Finnland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021986734&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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