Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work: a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
International Labour Office
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 78 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9221064700 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work |b a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety |c Abu Bakar Che Man and David Gold |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Preface v
1. Introduction 1
2. Health hazards due to chemical exposure 3
2.1 Definitions 3
2 2 Factors contributing to hazardous situations 4
2 2.1 Routes of entry 5
2.2.2 Concentration and type of exposure 7
2 2.3 Combined effects of chemicals 7
2.2.4 Hypersusceptible groups 8
2 3 The toxic effects of chemicals 8
2.3.1 Irritation 8
2.3.2 Allergy 9
2.3.3 Lack of oxygen (asphyxiation) 10
2.3.4 Narcosis and anaesthesia 10
2.3.5 Systemic poisoning 11
2.3.6 Cancer 12
2.3.7 Damage to the unborn foetus (teratogenesis) 12
2.3.8 Genetic effects on future generations
(mutagenesis) 12
2.3.9 Dusty lung (pneumoconiosis) 12
Suggested further reading 13
3. Fire and explosion hazards 15
3.1 Fuel 15
3.1.1 Liquid flashpoints 15
3.1.2 Solids 16
3.1.3 Gases 16
3 2 Heat 17
3.2.1 Electrical current 17
3.2.2 Static electricity 17
3 2.3 Spontaneous combustion 18
3.2.4 A mixture of two chemicals 18
3.2.5 Friction 18
3.2.6 Radiant heat 18
3.2.7 Open flames 19
3.3 Oxygen 19
Suggested further reading 19
4. Basic principles of prevention 21
4.1 Four principles of operational control 21
4.1.1 Elimination or substitution 21
4.1.2 Putting distance or shielding between
the substance and the worker 22
4.1.3 Ventilation 23
4.1.4 Personal protective equipment 24
4.1.5 Personal hygiene 27
4.2 Organizational control 28
4.2.1 Identification 28
4.2.2 Labelling 29
4.23 Chemical safety data sheets 29
4.2.4 Safe storage 30
4.2.5 Procedures for safe transfer 31
4.2.6 Safe handling and use 32
Contents
4 2 7 Housekeeping 33
4 2 8 Disposal routines 33
4 2 9 Monitoring ol exposure 34
4 2 10 Medical surveillance 34
4 2 11 Record-keeping 34
4 2 12 Training and education 34
Suggested further reading 35
5. Chemical emergency procedures 37
5 1 The emergency plan 37
5 2 Emergency teams 38
5.3 Evacuation 38
5 4 First aid 39
5 4 1 The organization ol a first-aid service 39
5 4 2 First aid lor persons who come into contact
with chemicals 39
5 4 3 Role of poison information centres 41
5 5 Fighting lire 41
55 1 The pre-iire plan 41
5 5 2 The organization of in-plant fire-fighting
services 42
5 5 3 Automatic fire protection 43
5 5 4 Selection of extinguishers 43
5.5 5 The decision to fight fire 44
5 6 Spill and leak procedures 44
Suggested further reading 45
6. Management oi a chemical control programme 47
6 1 Setting goals 48
6 2 Setting up a programme 48
6.2.1 Cooperation at the workplace 48
6 2 2 Inventory of chemicals 50
6.2.3 Purchasing procedure 50
6 2.4 Receipt, identification, classification and
labelling 50
6 2.5 Day-to-day management of chemicals; Control
measures 51
Suggested further reading 58
Annexe* 59
1. Training checklist for safe use of chemicals at
work 59
2. The Chemicals Convention, 1990 (No. 170), and
Recommendation, 1990 (No. 177) 63
3. Chemical safety data sheets 71
4. Classification, identification and labelling of
chemicals 75
Tables
1. Some common flashpoints 15
2 Examples of chemicals that give off oxygen when
heated 19
3. Types of fire extinguisher: Fire-fighting action and
associated risks 43
Figures
1. One of the basic concepts of this manual is that
there must be adequate information about every
chemical in the workplace 1
2. Air travels into the lungs and circulates there in
tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged 4
3. Tiny hair-like structures in the air passageways
help to clear them of foreign materials 4
4. The left-hand drawing shows an open degreasing
tank giving off harmful vapours. The right-hand
drawing shows a tank with a lid, thereby reducing
the risk of the worker coming into contact with the
vapours 5
5. It is dangerous to consume food and drink, or to
smoke, at a workstation where chemicals are used.
The food or drink may be contaminated by dirty
hands or even vapours in the air. Cigarettes may
be a fire or explosion hazard. 6
6. The toxic effect of a combination of two chemicals
may be far greater than the sum of the toxic effects
of each 7
7. Many chemicals cause dermatitis by coming into
contact with the skin 8
8. Toxic chemicals can irritate the eyes 9
9. When spraying, care should be taken that toxic
vapours are not inhaled 9
10. In certain working environments such as confined
spaces, an inadequate amount of oxygen can lead
to simple asphyxiation and death 10
11. The liver is a target organ that may be damaged
by exposure to certain chemicals 11
12. Certain chemicals may impede the normal
functions of the kidneys 11
13. The nervous system, composed of the brain, the
spinal cord and the nerves, controls body functions
and can be affected by chemicals 12
14. Fuel is the first element of the fire and explosion
triangle 15
15. A flammable liquid will start burning only if the
fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions 16
16. Heat is the second element of the fire and
explosion triangle 17
17. When two dissimilar surfaces come together and
are separated, the result may be an electric
charge 17
18. Mixing two or more chemicals together may
produce heat 18
19. The open flame from welding and cutting torches
can cause the ignition of flammable vapours 19
20. Oxygen is the third element of the fire and
explosion triangle 19
21. Wherever possible, hazardous substances should
be replaced by less hazardous ones. For example,
an organic solvent-based glue should be replaced
by a water-based one 21
22. Using remote control may prevent the dangers
associated with the chemical from reaching the
worker 22
Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work
23. Here are two methods of local ventilation. On the
left, the contaminants are drawn into the work
table before they can reach the breathing zone of
the worker. On the right, fumes from welding are
drawn into an exhaust system 23
24. The design of a building may increase airflow and
dilute the concentration of substances with low
toxicity 24
25. A dust-mask respirator 25
26. A half-face cartridge respirator 25
27. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) 25
28. All workers who may need to use respirators
should be regularly trained in their use, care and
maintenance 26
29. Protective goggles for eye protection 26
30. An eye and face shield 26
31. Gauntlet glove for hand protection 26
32. Thoroughly wash exposed parts of the body 27
33. Personal protective clothing should be washed
after use 27
34. Every chemical in the workplace should have a
label and sufficient information to ensure its safe
use 28
35. An example of a chemical safety data sheet,
providing essential safety and health
information 29
36. Flammable chemicals should be stored in cool,
well-ventilated areas away from possible sources
of ignition 31
37. A specially designed container for the transfer of
small quantities of flammable liquids 32
38. A personal monitoring device 33
39. Periodic medical examinations help detect early
symptoms of occupational disease 33
40. Training and education provide workers with the
knowledge and skills to prevent unnecessary
exposure to hazardous chemicals 34
41. Every workstation should have clearly marked,
unobstructed emergency exits 38
42. When someone is injured, as shown here, first aid
can make a great difference 39
43. Remove the casualty to an uncontaminated
place 39
44. A casualty placed in the recovery position 40
45. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation 40
46. If chemicals enter the eyes, wash thoroughly with
clear running water 41
47. Fires in the workplace can happen and should be
planned for in advance 42
48. Fire-alarms and equipment, and emergency exits,
should be part of the pre-fire plan 42
49. It is important to select the right type of fire
extinguisher 43
50. Use correct procedures for dealing with a spill or
leak 44
51. Activities comprising the management of a
chemical control programme 47
52. An example of classification of chemicals, and the
corresponding danger symbols, as used in
countries of the European Communities 52
53. Workers should be informed on how to obtain data
from chemical safety data sheets and labels 53
54. Cooperation between employers and workers is
essential in developing a programme to manage
safety in the use of chemicals 54
55. Management should develop and implement a
programme for the provision and maintenance of
personal protective equipment when other controls
are insufficient 55
Contents
56. Emergency showers and eye-wash points should
be provided in close proximity to workstations
where hazardous chemicals are used 56
57. Regular monitoring ol the working environment
allows for the identification of potentially harmful
substances 57
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| id | DE-604.BV026142763 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:05:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9221064700 |
| language | Undetermined |
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| physical | IX, 78 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | International Labour Office |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bakar Che Man, Abu Verfasser (DE-588)133269469 aut Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety Abu Bakar Che Man and David Gold Geneva International Labour Office 1993 IX, 78 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Arbeitsschutz (DE-588)4002771-5 gnd rswk-swf Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 s Arbeitsschutz (DE-588)4002771-5 s DE-188 Gold, David Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021731257&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bakar Che Man, Abu Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety Arbeitsschutz (DE-588)4002771-5 gnd Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002771-5 (DE-588)4009833-3 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety |
| title_auth | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety |
| title_exact_search | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety |
| title_full | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety Abu Bakar Che Man and David Gold |
| title_fullStr | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety Abu Bakar Che Man and David Gold |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety Abu Bakar Che Man and David Gold |
| title_short | Safety and health in the use of chemicals at work |
| title_sort | safety and health in the use of chemicals at work a training manual an ilo contribution to the international programme on chemical safety |
| title_sub | a training manual ; an ILO contribution to the International Programme on Chemical Safety |
| topic | Arbeitsschutz (DE-588)4002771-5 gnd Chemikalie (DE-588)4009833-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeitsschutz Chemikalie Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021731257&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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