The mammalian herbivore stomach: comparative anatomy, function, and evolution
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Stuttgart ; New York
Fischer
1988
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 557 S. 246 Ill. u. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3437305689 0895742543 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Langer, Peter |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The mammalian herbivore stomach |b comparative anatomy, function, and evolution |c Peter Langer |
| 264 | 1 | |a Stuttgart ; New York |b Fischer |c 1988 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 557 S. |b 246 Ill. u. graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF COENTENTS
A. INTRODUCTION - THE HERBIVORE AND ITS ENVIRONMENT 1
I., MAMMALS AND THEIR FOOD 3
II. HERBIVORES AND THEIR FOOD 4
A) HERBIVORES 4
1 MAMMALS MENTIONED IN THIS PUBLICATION 4
2 TAXONOMY AND ENGLISH COMMON NAMES OFHERBIVORAUS AND OMNIVOROUS MAM
MALS 5
B) HERBIVOROUS FOOD 6
C) HERBIVORY RATING, EVOLUTIONARY TYPE, SPATIAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL
DISTRIBUTION .... 8
D) GRASSLANDS AND GRAZERS 12
III. MAMMALS WITH HINDGUT AND GASTRIC DIFFERENTIATIONS 13
A) MAMMALS WITH VOLUMINOUS FORESTOMACHS 13
B) MAMMALS WITH SPECIALIZED AND/OR VOLUMINOUS HINDGUT REGIONS 14
C) HERBIVORES AND BIOGEOGRAPHY 15
1 DISTRIBUTION OF ARTIODACTYLA, PERISSODACTYLA, AND DIPROTODONTA IN
TWENTY BIOGEO
GRAPHICAL SUBREGIONS 15
2 HOW MANY SPECIES OF HERBIVORES CAN BE FOUND IN OPEN AND FORESTED
BIOMES? ... 18
3 HOW MANY SPECIES OF HERBIVORES CAN BE FOUND IN AREAS WITH DIFFERENT
INTENSITIES
OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF PLANT MATERIAL? 21
4 HOW MANY SPECIES OF HERBIVORES LIVE IN AREAS WITH DIFFERENT QUANTITIES
OF PHYTO
MASS? 22
5 HOW MANY SPECIES LIVE IN AREAS WITH LIMITED FOOD QUALITY? 24
6 HOW MANY SPECIES ARE ADAPTED TO BIOMES WITH HIGH VARIABILITIES IN FOOD
QUALITY
AND/OR QUANTITY? 25
D) FORESTOMACH- AND HINDGUT-FERMENTERS AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION .... 27
E) FORESTOMACH-FERMENTERS AS DOMESTIC HERBIVORES 27
SUMMARY OF THE INTRODUCTION 28
B. GASTRIC ANATOMY 29
IV. DESCRIPTIVE MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY 31
A) TERMINOLOGICAL REMARKS ON THE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF STOMACH FORMS 31
B) DESCRIPTION OF STOMACH TYPES 34
IX
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/871371162
1 RUMINANTIA AND TYLOPODA (NEOSELENODONTIA, SENSU WEBB &
TAYLOR, 1980) 34
1.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 34
1.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 37
1.3 FOOD AND BODY WEIGHT 37
1.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE PECORA 44
1.4.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 44
1.4.2 RUMINORETICULUM 45
1.4.2.1 RUMEN 45
1.4.2.1.1 FORM 45
1.4.2.1.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 49
1.4.2.2 RETICULUM 52
1.4.2.2.1 FORM 52
1.4.2.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 53
1.4.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE RUMINORETICULUM 54
1.4.3 OMASUM 54
1.4.3.1 FORM 54
1.4.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 54
1.4.3.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE OMASUM 59
1.4.4 ABOMASUM 59
1.4.4.1 FORM 59
1.4.4.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 60
1.4.4.3 FUNKTIONAL REMARKS ON THE ABOMASUM 60
1.4.5 VOLUMES OF GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS 61
1.4.6 BLOOD VESSELS 67
1.4.7 MESENTERIES 71
1.4.8 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 73
1.4.8.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 74
1.4.8.2 DEEP LAYER 75
1.4.9 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 78
1.4.9.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS 78
1.4.9.2 INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 82
1.4.9.2.1 RUMEN 82
1.4.9.2.2 RETICULUM 85
1.4.9.2.3 OMASUM 85
1.4.9.2.4 ABOMASUM 87
1.4.9.3 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 89
1.4.10 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE PECORA 93
1.5 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE TRAGULINA 95
1.5.1 GENERAL ANATOMY AND POSITION 96
1.5.2 RUMINORETICULUM 98
1.5.2.1 RUMEN 98
1.5.2:1.1 FORM 98
1.5.2.1.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 99
1.5.2.2 RETICULUM 100
1.5.2.2.1 FORM 100
1.5.2.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 101
1.5.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE RUMINORETICULUM 102
1.5.3 ABOMASUM 102
1.5.3.1 FORM 102
1.5.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 102
1.5.3.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE ABOMASUM 103
1.5.4 VOLUME OF GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS 103
1.5.5 BLOOD VESSELS 103
1.5.6 MESENTERIES 104
1.5.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 106
1.5.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 106
1.5.7.2 DEEP LAYER 106
1.5.8 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE TRAGULINA 107
1.6 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE TYLOPODA 108
1.6.1 GENERAL ANATOMY AND POSITION 108
1.6.2 RUMINORETICULUM 112
1.6.2.1 RUMEN 112
1.6.2.1.1 FORM 112
1.6.2.1.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 113
1.6.2.2 RETICULUM 116
1.6.2.2.1 FORM 116
1.6.2.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 116
1.6.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE RUMINORETICULUM 117
1.6.3 GASTRIC TUBE 118
1.6.3.1 FORM 118
1.6.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 118
1.6.3.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE GASTRIC TUBE 118
1.6.4 VOLUMES OF GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS 119
1.6.5 BLOOD VESSELS 121
1.6.6 MESENTERIES 121
1.6.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 124
1.6.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 124
1.6.7.2 DEEP LAYER 125
1.6.7.2.1 RUMEN AND ITS SACCULATED AREAS 125
1.6.7.2.2 RETICULUM 127
1.6.7.2.3 GASTRIC TUBE 128
1.6.8 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE TYLOPODA 128
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 128
2 NONRUMINANTIA 130
2.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 130
2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 134
2.3 FOOD AND BODY WEIGHT 137
2.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE SUIDAE 139
2.4.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 139
2.4.2 FORMS 142
2.4.3 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 144
2.4.4 VOLUMES OF GASTRIC REGIONS 147
2.4.5 BLOOD VESSELS 149
2.4.6 MESENTERIES 151
2.4.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 151
2.4.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 154
2.4.7.2 DEEP LAYER 154
2.4.8 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 155
2.4.9 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE SUIDAE 160
2.5 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE TAYASSUIDAE 160
2.5.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 161
2.5.2 FORM 161
2.5.3 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 163
2.5.4 VOLUMES OF GASTRIC REGIONS 168
2.5.5 BLOOD VESSELS 169
2.5.6 MESENTERIES 170
2.5.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 171
2.5.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 172
2.5.7.2 DEEP LAYER 172
2.5.8 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 174
2.5.8.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS 174
2.5.8.2 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 175
2.5.9 FUNKTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE TAYASSUIDAE 177
2.6 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE HIPPOPOTAMIDAE 177
2.6.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 177
2.6.2 VISCERAL BLINDSAC 182
2.6.2.1 FORM 182
2.6.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 183
2.6.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE VISCERAL BLINDSAC 186
2.6.3 PARIETAL BLINDSAC 187
2.6.3.1 FORM 187
2.6.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS
1
189
2.6.3.3 FUNCTIAL REMARKS ON THE PARIETAL BLINDSAC 191
2.6.4 CONNECTING COMPARTMENT 192
2.6.4.1 FORM 192
2.6.4.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 192
2.6.4.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE CONNECTING COMPARTMENT 192
2.6.5 GLANDULAER STOMACH 192
2.6.5.1 FORM 192
2.6.5.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 193
2.6.5.3 FUNKTIONAL REMARKS ON THE GLANDULAER STOMACH 194
2.6.6 VOLUMES OF GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS 194
2.6.7 BLOOD VESSELS 197
2.6.8 MESENTERIES 198
2.6.9 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 199
2.6.9.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 200
2.6.9.2 DEEP LAYER 200
2.6.10 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 201
2.6.10.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS 202
2.6.10.2 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 203
2.6.11 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE HIPPOPOTAMIDAE 205
2.7 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 207
3 SIRENIA 210
3.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 210
3.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 212
3.3 BODY SIZE AND FOOD 214
3.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH AND THE PROXIMAL DUODENUM 218
XII
3.4.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION OF THE STOMACH AND THE PROXIMAL
DUODENUM . . 218
3.4.2 FORM OF THE STOMACH AND PROXIMAL DUODENUM 224
3.4.3 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS IN STOMACH AND
PROXIMAL DUODENUM 230
3.4.4 VOLUMES OF THE STOMACH AND AMPULLA DUODENI 230
3.4.5 BLOOD VESSELS 231
3.4.6 MESENTERIES 234
3.4.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 235
3.4.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 235
3.4.7.2 DEEP LAYER 238
3.4.7.3 THICKNESS OF MUSCULATURE 238
3.4.8 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 240
3.4.8.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS 240
3.4.8.2 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 244
3.4.9 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE SIRENIA 245
4 BRADYPODIDAE 246
4.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 246
4.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 248
4.3 FOOD OF THE BRADYPODIDAE 249
4.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE GENUS BRADYPUS 251
4.4.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 251
4.4.2 FORM 256
4.4.3 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 262
4.4.4 VOLUMES OF THE STOMACH REGIONS 263
4.4.5 BLOOD VESSELS 264
4.4.6 MESENTERIES 265
4.4.7 MUSCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 266
4.4.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 270
4.4.7.2 DEEP LAYER 270
4.4.8 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 271
4.4.8.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS 271
4.4.8.2 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 273
4.4.8.3 POSSIBLE GROWTH PROCESSES 274
4.4.9 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE BRADYPODIDAE 275
5 COLOBIDAE 275
5.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 275
5.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 277
5.3 FOOD OF COLOBIDAE 280
5.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH OF THE COLOBIDAE 281
5.4.1 GENERAL SUBDIVISION AND POSITION 281
5.4.2 FORM 284
5.4.2.1 SACCUS GASTRICUS 284
5.4.2.2 TUBUS GASTRICUS AND PARS PYLORICA 290
5.4.3 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 294
5.4.4 VOLUMES OF THE STOMACH REGIONS 295
5.4.5 BLOOD VESSELS 295
5.4.6 MESENTERIES 296
5.4.7 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 299
XIII
5.4.7.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 299
5.4.7.2 DEEP LAYER 300
5.4.8 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 302
5.4.9 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE COLOBIDAE 303
6 MACROPODIDAE 304
6.1 REMARKS ON TAXONOMY AND PALAEONTOLOGY 304
6.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 308
6.3 FOOD AND BODY WEIGHT 315
6.4 MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH AND GENERAL SUBDIVISIONS , 321
6.5 VOLUMESOFTHE STOMACH OFPOTOROINAE AND MACROPODINAE 322
6.6 THE STOMACH OF THE MACROPODINAE AND ITS POSITION 328
6.6.1 TUBIFORM FORESTOMACH (FORESTOMACH TUBE) 332
6.6.1.1 FORM 332
6.6.1.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 336
6.6.1.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE TUBIFORM FORESTOMACH 338
6.6.2 SACCIFORM FORESTOMACH (FORESTOMACH SAC) 342
6.6.2.1 FORM 342
6.6.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 345
6.6.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE SACCIFORM FORESTOMACH 345
6.6.3 HINDSTOMACH 346
6.6.3.1 FORM 346
6.6.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 346
6.6.3.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE HINDSTOMACH 346
6.6.4 BLOOD VESSELS 346
6.6.5 MESENTERIES 347
6.6.6 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 348
6.6.6.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 348
6.6.6.2 DEEP LAYER 349
6.6.7 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 350
6.6.7.1 FORM OF COMPARTMENTS YY 350
6.6.7.2 SIZE OF COMPARTMENTS 351
6.7 THE STOMACH OF THE POTOROINAE AND ITS POSITION 353
6.7.1 TUBIFORM FORESTOMACH (FORESTOMACH TUBE) 354
6.7.1.1 FORM 354
6.7.1.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 358
6.7.1.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE TUBIFORM FORESTOMACH 358
6.7.2 SACCIFORM FORESTOMACH (FORESTOMACH SAC) 359
6.7.2.1 FORM 359
6.7.2.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 360
6.7.2.3 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE SACCIFORM FORESTOMACH 360
6.7.3 HINDSTOMACH 360
6.7.3.1 FORM 360
6.7.3.2 MACROSCOPIC INTERNAL SURFACE DIFFERENTIATIONS 360
6.7.3.3 FUNCTIAL REMARKS ON THE HINDSTOMACH 360
6.7.4 BLOOD VESSELS 361
6.7.5 MESENTERIES 361
6.7.6 MUSCLE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TUNICA MUSCULARIS 362
6.7.6.1 SUPERFICIAL LAYER 362
6.7.6.2 DEEP LAYER 362
XIV
6.7.7 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 363
6.7.8 FUNCTIONAL REMARKS ON THE STOMACH OF THE MACROPODIDAE 363
6.8 SHORT REMARKS ON OTHER MARSUPIALS 365
6.9 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6 368
7 TAENIAE, HAUSTRA, AND SEMILUNAR FOLDS 370
7.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 370
7.2 OWN INVESTIGATIONS 371
7.2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 371
7.2.2 ANATOMICAL RESULTS 374
7.2.3 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF HAUSTRATED
STRUCTURES .... 376
V. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 384
A) REVIEW OF STUDIES ON HOMOLOGY 384
B) HOMOLOGOUS REGIONS IN COMPLEX STOMACH TYPES OF MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES
.... 385
1 FORNIX VENTRICULI, CORPUS VENTRICULI, AND PARS PYLORICA 385
2 RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE OF THE STOMACH 387
3 COMPILATION OF GASTRIC FORMS 389
4 ARTERIES 392
VI. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 394
A) STORING VOLUME AND THE FORMATION OF FERMENTATION-CHAMBERS 395
1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TAXONOMIC GROUPS 399
1.1
HERBIVORY RATING, BODY WEIGHT, AND VOLUME OF THE OFF-SET GASTRIC
CHAMBERS
. . . 401
1.2 BODY WEIGHT, HERBIVORY RATING, AND VOLUME OF THE TOTAL STOMACH AND
OF THE OFF
SET
CHAMBERS
402
2 COMPARISON BETWEEN GASTRIC REGIONS 402
3 ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT 405
B) INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL ANATOMICAL DIFFERENTIATIONS ON THE MOVEMENT OF
DIGESTA
THROUGH GASTRIC LUMEN 407
1 SULCUS VENTRICULI 407
2 APERTURES 409
3 STRUCTURES REDUCING THE RATE OF PASSAGE OF DIGESTA 411
3.1 FUNCTIONALLY CHANGING TRANSITORY FOLDS 411
3.2 STRUCTURALLY PERMANENT FOLDS 413
C) INNERVATION 415
1 UNILOCULAR STOMACH 415
2 PLURILOCULAR STOMACH 415
D) MOTILITY 417
1 IN THE UNILOCULAR STOMACH 417
2 IN THE PLURILOCULAR STOMACH 419
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF OBSERVED GASTRIC MOTILITY AND OF THE GASTRIC
WALL 419
2.1.1 HIPPOPOTAMIDAE 419
2.1.2 TAYASSUIDAE 419
2.1.3 BRADYPODIDAE 420
2.1.4 MACROPODIDAE 420
2.1.5 TYLOPODA 421
XV
2.1.6 PECORA 422
2.2 RUMINATION 424
2.3 MUSCULAR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS RELATION TO GASTRIC MOTILITY 427
3 PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF DIGESTA CONSTITUENTS 427
E) DIGESTION STRATEGIES 431
1 DIGESTION WITH ENZYMES PRODUCED BY THE MAMMALIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT, OR
AUTO
ENZYMATIC-DIGESTION 431
2 MICROBIAL DIGESTION WITH SYMBIONTS, OR ALLO-ENZYMATIC DIGESTION 432
2.1 HINDGUT-FERMENTERS (POST-ACID FERMENTATION) 433
2.1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 433
2.1.2 FORM AND FUNCTION 435
2.2 FORESTOMACH-FERMENTERS (PRE-ACID FERMENTATION) 436
2.2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 436
2.2.2 FORM AND FUNCTION 437
2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF FERMENTATION CHAMBERS IN THE HINDGUT AND THE
FORESTOMACH OF
DIFFERENT SYSTEMATIC TAXA 441
2.3.1
GEOGRAPHIE DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS WITH FERMENTATION CHAMBERS IN THE
HINDGUT
. 441
2.3.2
GEOGRAPHIE DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS WITH FERMENTATION CHAMBERS IN THE
FORESTO
MACH
443
2.3.3 FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HINDGUT
AND FORESTOMACH
FERMENTERS 445
2.4 SECRETION AND ABSORPTION 446
2.4.1 IN THE UNILOCULAR STOMACH 446
2.4.2 IN THE PLURILOCULAR STOMACH 449
2.4.2.1 SQUAMOUS AND CARDIAC MUEOSA 450
2.4.2.2 INCREASE IN SURFACE AREA 453
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER VI 457
C. CONCLUDING REMARKS 459
VII BODY
SIZE, FEEDING TYPE, AND SIZE OF THE DIGESTION CHAMBERS
463
VIII BODY SIZE AND SAFETY STRATEGY 466
IX PROTECTION AGAINST AND TOLERANCE OF SECONTARY PLANT METABOLITES 468
X ADAPTATION TO REDUCED FOOD QUALITY AND REDUCED FOOD QUANTITY 470
A) DEATH OF LARGE NUMBERS OF HERBIVORES 472
B) CHANGES IN BEHAVIOUR 472
1 BEHAVIOURAL THERMOREGULATION 472
2 MIGRATIONS 474
3 INTRA- AND INTERSPEEIFIE DIFFERENCES IN FOOD SELECTION 474
C) MODIFICATIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT 475
1 FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS 475
2 RUMINATION 476
3 ANATOMICAL MODIOECATIONS 477
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER X 483
XVI
XI. DIFFERENTIATIONS OF BIOTOPES AND THEIR RELATION TO DIFFERENTIATIONS
OF THE DIGESTIVE
TRACT 484
A) WIDENING OF OECOLOGICAL NICHES 484
B) DIFFERENTIATION-MODELS AND NUTRITIONAL AS WELL AS DIGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR
486
1 QUALITY OF FOOD SUBOPTIMAL, QUANTITY SUFFICIENT 494
2 QUALITY OF FOOD OPTIMAL, QUANTITY LIMITED 494
3 QUALITY OF FOOD SUBOPTIMAL, QUANTITY LIMITED 495
C) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTOMACH- AND HINDGUT-FERMENTERS 495
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER XI 499
D. PLURILOCULAR STOMACHS IN MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES - GENERAL SUMMARY . . .
501
LITERATURE 507
INDEX 553
XVII
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Langer, Peter |
| author_facet | Langer, Peter |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Langer, Peter |
| author_variant | p l pl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV025874026 |
| classification_rvk | WX 1631 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)916619006 (DE-599)BVBBV025874026 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV025874026 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:14:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3437305689 0895742543 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019121234 |
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| physical | XVII, 557 S. 246 Ill. u. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1988 |
| publishDateSearch | 1988 |
| publishDateSort | 1988 |
| publisher | Fischer |
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| spelling | Langer, Peter Verfasser aut The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution Peter Langer Stuttgart ; New York Fischer 1988 XVII, 557 S. 246 Ill. u. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Habil.-Schr. Pflanzenfresser (DE-588)4174059-2 gnd rswk-swf Säugetiere (DE-588)4051253-8 gnd rswk-swf Magen (DE-588)4036943-2 gnd rswk-swf Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 s Säugetiere (DE-588)4051253-8 s Magen (DE-588)4036943-2 s DE-604 Pflanzenfresser (DE-588)4174059-2 s DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019121234&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Langer, Peter The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution Pflanzenfresser (DE-588)4174059-2 gnd Säugetiere (DE-588)4051253-8 gnd Magen (DE-588)4036943-2 gnd Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4174059-2 (DE-588)4051253-8 (DE-588)4036943-2 (DE-588)4159584-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution |
| title_auth | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution |
| title_exact_search | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution |
| title_full | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution Peter Langer |
| title_fullStr | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution Peter Langer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy, function, and evolution Peter Langer |
| title_short | The mammalian herbivore stomach |
| title_sort | the mammalian herbivore stomach comparative anatomy function and evolution |
| title_sub | comparative anatomy, function, and evolution |
| topic | Pflanzenfresser (DE-588)4174059-2 gnd Säugetiere (DE-588)4051253-8 gnd Magen (DE-588)4036943-2 gnd Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pflanzenfresser Säugetiere Magen Herbivoren Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019121234&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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