Cytogenetics in plant breeding:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest
Springer
1992
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| Schriftenreihe: | Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics
17 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 469 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540521127 0387521127 |
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 CYTOGENETICS IN GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
1.1 CYTOGENETICS AS A SUBDISCIPLINE OF GENETICS. 1
1.1.1 THE TWO FUNCTIONS OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL. 1
1.1.2 CYTOGENETICS DEFINED. 3
1.2 CYTOGENETICS IN PLANT BREEDING . 4
CHAPTER 2 CHROMOSOME COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY
2.1 DNA . 7
2.1.1 THE CHEMICAL BASIS. 7
2.1.2 HETEROGENEITY OF DNA; UNIQUE AND REPETITIVE DNA . 8
2.1.3 REPLICATION . 9
2.2 CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE; HISTONES AND OTHER
CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS . 10
2.3 EUCHROMATIN, HETEROCHROMATIN. 13
2.4 SPECIAL FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN CHROMOSOMES . 14
2.4.1 NUCLEOLUS ORGANIZING REGION (NOR). 14
2.4.2 CENTROMERE. 15
2.4.3 TELOMERES. 18
2.5 MICROSCOPIC CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY: THE KARYOTYPE,
STANDARD AND VARIATIONS. 19
CHAPTER 3 THE MECHANISMS OF GENETIC TRANSMISSION
3.1 THE SOMATIC CYCLE. 23
3.1.1 MITOSIS. 23
3.1.2 DURATION OF MITOSIS. 29
3.1.3 ORDER AND DISORDER IN THE SOMATIC SPINDLE
AND NUCLEUS. 30
3.1.3.1 RELATIVE POSITION OF LARGE AND SMALL CHROMOSOMES IN
THE SPINDLE AND IN THE NUCLEUS. HOLLOW SPINDLE. 31
3.1.3.2 RABL ORIENTATION . 31
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/921046146
CONTENTS
3.1.3.3 NUCLEOLAR FUSION . 32
3.1.3.4 SOMATIC PAIRING. 32
3.1.3.5 NON-HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME ASSOCIATION; NUCLEAR
COMPARTMENTALIZATION. 32
3.1.4 MITOTIC VARIANTS WITH GENETIC CONSEQUENCES. 34
3.1.4.1 INTACT ORGANISM . 34
3.1.4.1.1 ACCIDENTS. 34
3.1.4.1.2 SYSTEMATIC DEVIATIONS. 36
3.1.4.1.2.1 CHROMOSOME DOUBLING. 36
3.1.4.1.2.2 ELIMINATION. 37
3.1.4.1.2.3 B-CHROMOSOMES. 37
3.1.4.2 IN VITRO CULTURE. 39
3.2 GENERATIVE TRANSMISSION: FERTILIZATION - MEIOSIS. 42
3.2.1 FERTILIZATION. 43
3.2.2 MEIOSIS. 45
3.2.2.1 PROPHASE I. 45
3.2.2.2 METAPHASE 1. 54
3.2.2.3 ANAPHASE I, TELOPHASE I. 54
3.2.2.4 MEIOSIS II. 56
3.2.3 SYSTEMATIC VARIANTS OF MCIOTIC BEHAVIOUR. 56
3.2.3.1 ACHIASMATE MEIOSIS. 56
3.2.3.2 HOLOKINETIC CHROMOSOMES. 57
3.2.3.3 NEOCENTRIC ACTIVITY . 57
3.2.3.4 SPECIALIZED CHROMOSOMES. 58
3.2.4 RECOMBINATION. 58
3.2.4.1 TWO FORMS OF RECOMBINATION. 58
3.2.4.1.1 CHROMOSOME RECOMBINATION. 58
3.2.4.1.2 EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION. 60
3.2.4.1.2.1 TWO AND MORE CHIASMATA IN ONE CHROMOSOME. 60
3.2.4.1.2.2 GENETIC VARIATION IN EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION. 61
3.2.4.1.2.2.1 GENETIC VARIATION IN FREQUENCY OF EXCHANGE . 61
3.2.4.1.2.2.2 GENETIC VARIATION IN PATTERN OF EXCHANGE. 63
CHAPTER 4 THE SOMATIC CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT: KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS
4.1 THE KARYOTYPE . 65
4.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KARYOTYPE. 65
4.1.2 APPLICATIONS OF KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS . 66
4-2 APPROACHES TO KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS: CHROMOSOME
NUMBER AND MORPHOLOGY. 67
4.2.1 NUMBER OF GENOMES PER CELL: INDIRECT METHODS. 68
4.2.2 EXACT CHROMOSOME NUMBER;
CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY . 72
4.2.2.1 TECHNIQUES OF PREPARATION . 72
CONTENTS
IX
4.2.2.2 OBSERVATIONS; MEASUREMENTS. 74
4.2.3 PRESENTING THE KARYOTYPE. 76
4.2.3.1 KARYOGRAM AND IDIOGRAM . 76
4.2.3.2 IDIOGRAM CONSTRUCTION: COPING WITH VARIATION. 80
4.2.3.3 IDIOGRAM CONSTRUCTION: PLOTTING THE OBSERVATIONS. 86
4.2.4 MARKERS WITHIN CHROMOSOME ARMS. 92
4.2.4.1 CHROMOSOME BANDING. 92
4.2.4.2 MOLECULAR MARKERS. 98
4.2.4.3 GENETIC MARKERS. 100
CHAPTER 5 KARYOTYPE VARIANTS A: CHROMOSOME STRUCTURAL VARIANTS
5.1 DEFICIENCIES. 101
5.1.1 TYPES. 101
5.1.2 ORIGIN. 101
5.1.3 RELEVANCE . 101
5.1.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 103
5.1.5 CONSEQUENCES. 105
5.2 DUPLICATIONS . 105
5.2.1 TYPES. 105
5.2.2 ORIGIN. 107
5.2.3 RELEVANCE . 107
5.2.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 108
5.2.5 CONSEQUENCES. 109
5.3 INVERSIONS . ILL
5.3.1 TYPES (PARACENTRIC AND PERICENTRIC) AND ORIGIN. ILL
5.3.2 RELEVANCE . ILL
5.3.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. ILL
5.3.4 CONSEQUENCES. 115
5.4 TRANSLOCATIONS. 116
5.4.1 RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION OR INTERCHANGE AND SIMPLE
TERMINAL TRANSLOCATION. 117
5.4.1.1 TYPES AND ORIGIN. 117
5.4.1.2 RELEVANCE.,. 117
5.4.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 118
5.4.1.4 CONSEQUENCES. 126
5.4.2 TWO OR MORE INTERCHANGES COMBINED:
TRANSLOCATION TESTER SET; BALANCED COMPLEX
TRANSLOCATION HETEROZYGOTES . 130
5.4.2.1 TYPES AND ORIGIN. 130
5.4.2.2 RELEVANCE . 130
5.4.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 132
5.4.2.4 CONSEQUENCES. 135
5.4.3 SIMPLE INTERSTITIAL TRANSLOCATIONS. 135
X CONTENTS
5.4.3.1 TYPES, ORIGIN AND RELEVANCE. 135
5.4.3.2 CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCES. 136
5.5 OTHER REARRANGEMENTS (ROBERTSONIAN FISSION
AND FUSION; ISOCHROMOSOME; COMPOUND). 136
5.5.1 TYPES AND ORIGIN. 136
5.5.2 RELEVANCE . 138
5.5.3 CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCES. 139
CHAPTER 6 KARYOTYPE VARIANTS B: CHROMOSOME NUMBER VARIANTS
6.1 EUPLOIDY . 141
6.1.1 HAPLOIDY . 141
6.1.1.1 TYPES AND TERMINOLOGY. 141
6.1.1.2 ORIGIN. 142
6.1.1.3 RELEVANCE . 142
6.1.1.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 142
6.1.1.5 CONSEQUENCES. 143
6.1.2 POLYPLOIDY. 144
6.1.2.1 TYPES. 144
6.1.2.2 AUTOPOLYPLOIDY; TYPES. 144
6.1.2.2.1 AUTOTRIPLOIDS. 145
6.1.2.2.1.1 ORIGIN. 145
6.1.2.2.1.2 RELEVANCE . 145
6.1.2.2.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 147
6.1.2.2.1.4 CONSEQUENCES. 148
6.1.2.2.2 AUTOTETRAPLOIDS. 149
6.1.2.2.2.1 ORIGIN. 149
6.1.2.2.2.2 RELEVANCE . 149
6.1.2.2.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 149
6.1.2.2.2.4 CONSEQUENCES. 155
6.1.2.2.3 HIGHER AUTOPOLYPLOIDS. 160
6.1.2.3 ALLOPOLYPLOIDY . 161
6.1.2.3.1 TYPES. 161
6.1.2.3.2 ORIGIN. 162
6.1.2.3.3 RELEVANCE . 162
6.1.2.3.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 163
6.1.2.3.5 CONSEQUENCES. 165
6.1.2.4 POLYPLOID HYBRIDS. 165
6.1.2.4.1 TYPES, ORIGIN AND RELEVANCE. 165
6.1.2.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCES. 165
6.2 ANEUPLOIDY. 166
6.2.1 HYPOPLOIDY, MONOSOMY. 166
6.2.1.1 TYPES OF MONOSOMY. 166
6.2.1.2 ORIGIN. 167
CONTENTS XI
6.2.1.3 RELEVANCE. 168
6.2.1.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 169
6.2.1.5 CONSEQUENCES. 170
6.2.2 HYPERPLOIDY . 172
6.2.2.1 PRIMARY TRISOMY. 172
6.2.2.1.1 TYPES. 172
6.2.2.1.2 ORIGIN. 172
6.2.2.1.3 RELEVANCE . 173
6.2.2.1.4 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 173
6.2.2.1.5 CONSEQUENCES. 174
6.2.2.2 SECONDARY AND TELOCENTRIC TRISOMY . 178
6.2.2.2.1 TYPES, ORIGIN . 178
6.2.2.2.2 RELEVANCE . 179
6.2.2.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 179
6.2.2.2.4 CONSEQUENCES. 180
6.2.2.3 TERTIARY AND TRANSLOCATION TRISOMY . 182
6.2.2.3.1 TYPES, ORIGIN . 182
6.2.2.3.2 RELEVANCE . 182
6.2.2.3.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION. 183
6.2.2.3.4 CONSEQUENCES. 185
6.2.2.4 OTHER TRISOMIES AND HIGHER POLYSOMIES . 185
6.2.2.4.1 COMPENSATING TRISOMIES. 185
6.2.2.4.2 ALIEN ADDITIONS. 187
6.2.2.4.2.1 TYPES, ORIGIN . 187
6.2.2.4.2.2 RELEVANCE . 189
6.2.2.4.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS, IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCES. 190
CHAPTER 7 DIAGNOSIS: IDENTIFYING CYTOGENETIC CAUSES OF VARIANTS
OF THE KARYOTYPE AND THE GENERATIVE CYCLE
7.1 DIAGNOSIS: THE COLLECTION OF SPECIFIC INFORMATION:
CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES AND MEANS. 191
7.2 THE DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY . 194
7.3 THE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF MEIOTIC BEHAVIOUR
AND CONFIGURATIONS: TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION;
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. 197
7.3.1 STAGES. 197
7.3.2 BASIC CONFIGURATION. 197
7.3.3 DISTRIBUTION OF CONFIGURATIONS. 198
7.4 THE DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL. 198
7.4.1 NO CHROMOSOME NUMBER DEVIATION. 199
7.4.1.1 MEIOSIS: DIAKINESIS/METAPHASE I:
NO OBVIOUS DEVIATIONS. 199
7.4.1.2 UNIVALENTS. 200
XII CONTENTS
7.4.1.3 HETEROMORPHIC OR OTHERWISE ABNORMAL BIVALENTS. 203
7.4.1.4 MULTIVALENTS. 207
7.4.1.4.1 TRIVALENTS. 207
7.4.1.4.2 QUADRIVALENTS: CHROMOSOME NUMBER NORMAL;
KARYOTYPE VISIBLY CHANGED. 208
7.4.1.4.3 HIGHER-ORDER MULTIVALENTS; CHROMOSOME NUMBER
NORMAL, CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE NORMAL OR DEVIANT . 210
7.4.1.5 CHROMOSOME NUMBER NORMAL;
DIAKINESIS-METAPHASE I NORMAL. 211
7.4.1.5.1 UNEQUAL SISTER CHROMATIDS. 211
7.4.1.5.2 CHROMATID BRIDGES. 212
7.4.1.5.3 CHROMATID LOOPS. 213
7.4.1.5.4 ANAPHASE II BRIDGES. 213
7.4.2 CHROMOSOME NUMBER NOT NORMAL; ANEUPLOIDY:
HYPERPLOIDY . 214
7.4.2.1 TRISOMICS. 214
7.4.2.1.1 UNIVALENTS. 214
7.4.2.1.2 HETEROMORPHIC BIVALENTS . 216
7.4.2.1.3 MULTIVALENTS. 216
7.4.2.1.4 ANAPHASE I AND ANAPHASE II ABERRATIONS. 219
7.4.2.2 TWO OR MORE EXTRA CHROMOSOMES. 220
7.4.2.2.1 ONLY NORMAL BIVALENTS. 220
7.4.2.2.2 UNIVALENTS. 221
7.4.2.2.3 HETEROMORPHIC BIVALENTS . 221
7.4.2.2.4 MULTIVALENTS. 222
7.4.3 HYPOPLOIDY. 222
7.4.3.1 MONOSOMIES . 223
7.4.3.1.1 UNIVALENTS. 223
7.4.3.1.2 HETEROMORPHIC OR OTHERWISE ABNORMAL BIVALENTS. 223
7.4.3.1.3 MULTIVALENTS. 224
7.4.3.2 HYPOPLOIDS: TWO CHROMOSOMES LESS THAN NORMAL. 224
7.4.3.2.1 ONLY NORMAL BIVALENTS. 224
7.4.3.2.2 UNIVALENTS. 224
7.4.3.2.3 HETEROMORPHIC BIVALENTS AND MULTIVALENTS. 225
7.4.4 EUPLOIDY . 225
7.4.4.1 GAMETIC CHROMOSOME NUMBER ("HAPLOIDY"). 225
7.4.4.1.1 ONLY NORMAL BIVALENTS. 225
7.4.4.1.2 UNIVALENTS. 225
7.4.4.1.3 HETEROMORPHIC OR OTHERWISE ABNORMAL BIVALENTS. 226
7.4.4.1.4 MULTIVALENTS, ANAPHASE AND CELLULAR ABNORMALITIES . 226
7.4.4.2 TRIPLOIDY. 226
7.4.4.2.1 UNIVALENTS. 227
7.4.4.2.2 HETEROMORPHIC AND OTHERWISE ABNORMAL BIVALENTS. 227
7.4.4.2.3 MULTIVALENTS. 228
7.4.4.2.3.1 TRIVALENTS. 228
7.4.4.2.3.2 HIGHER ORDER MULTIVALENTS. 228
CONTENTS XIII
7.4.4.3 THE DOUBLED CHROMOSOME NUMBER. 229
7.4.4.3.1 ONLY NORMAL BIVALENTS. 229
7.4.4.3.2 UNIVALENTS. 230
7.4.4.3.3 HETEROMORPHIC OR OTHERWISE ABNORMAL BIVALENTS. 230
7.4.4.3.4 MULTIVALENTS. 230
7.4.4.3.5 ANAPHASE AND CELLULAR IRREGULARITIES. 231
7.4.4.4 ANEUPLOIDY IN COMBINATION WITH
DOUBLED CHROMOSOME NUMBER. 231
7.4.4.5 HIGHER PLOIDY LEVELS. 232
CHAPTER 8 ESTIMATING, RECORDING AND MANIPULATING RECOMBINATION
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8.3.2.1.2
8.3.2.1.3
CHROMOSOME RECOMBINATION AND EXCHANGE
RECOMBINATION. 233
THE ROLE OF CHROMOSOME NUMBER IN RECOMBINATION . . 233
CHROMOSOME RECOMBINATION IN DIPLOIDS AS THE BASIS OF
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE. 233
VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME RECOMBINATION. 234
PLOIDY LEVEL . 234
HAPLOIDS. 234
POLYPLOIDS. 234
CHROMOSOME-ASSOCIATED RESTRICTIONS OF
CHROMOSOME RECOMBINATION. 235
AFFINITY. 235
PERMANENT TRANSLOCATION HETEROZYGOSITY. 235
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CHROMOSOME
RECOMBINATION IN PLANT BREEDING. 235
EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION: CROSSING-OVER. 236
ESTIMATES OF CROSSING-OVER. 236
SEGREGATION OF GENETIC MARKERS. 236
CHIASMA FREQUENCY, RECOMBINATION NODULES AND
CHIASMATE CHROMOSOME ARM ASSOCIATION FREQUENCY . . . 237
MAPPING FUNCTIONS. 239
MODELS FOR DERIVING CHIASMATE ASSOCIATION
FREQUENCIES FROM CONFIGURATION FREQUENCIES. 240
VARIATION IN CROSSING-OVER. 243
RECORDING RECOMBINATION:
GENETIC CHROMOSOME MAPS. 244
RECOMBINATIONAL MAPS OF GENES AND OTHER MARKERS;
THREE-POINT TEST. 244
THE LOCATION OF GENES ON CHROMOSOMES . 247
ANEUPLOIDS. 247
MONOSOMIES . 247
PRIMARY TRISOMICS . 250
TELOCENTRIC TRISOMICS. 251
XIV CONTENTS
8.3.2.1.4 TERTIARY AND OTHER COMPLEX TRISOMICS . 254
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.3.2.2 CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS. 255
8
.3.2.2.1 DEFICIENCIES AND INVERSIONS. 255
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.3.2.2.2 TRANSLOCATIONS, DUPLICATIONS AND ROBERTSONIAN SPLITS . 256
8.3.3 THE PHYSICAL AND RECOMBINATIONAL LOCATION OF GENES
WITHIN CHROMOSOMES . 258
8.3.3.1 NATURAL CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS . 258
8
.3.3.1.1 THE CENTROMERE. 258
8
.3.3.1.2 HETEROCHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES AND BANDING
POLYMORPHISMS. 261
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.3.3.1.3 THE NOR AND OTHER MULTIGENE LOCI:
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. 262
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.3.3.2 THE BREAK POINTS OF REARRANGEMENTS AS GENETIC
AND CHROMOSOMAL MARKERS. 263
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.3.3.2.1 DEFICIENCIES. 263
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.3.3.2.2 TRANSLOCATIONS, DUPLICATIONS AND INVERSIONS. 264
8
.3.3.3 REARRANGED ANEUPLOIDS: TERTIARY AND OTHER COMPLEX
MONOSOMIES AND TRISOMICS. 267
8.3.4 RECOMBINATIONAL CHROMOSOME MAPS:
AN EXAMPLE . 268
8.4 MANIPULATING RECOMBINATION. 268
CHAPTER 9 GENOME ANALYSIS: IDENTIFICATION OF AND RELATIONS
BETWEEN GENOMES
9.1 GENOME ANALYSIS: DIFFERENT CONCEPTS. 271
9.2 GENOMIC COMPOSITION OF ALLOPOLYPLOIDS. 271
9.2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROGENITORS. 271
9.2.2 ASSIGNING CHROMOSOMES TO GENOMES
AND HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUPS. 273
9.3 RELATIONS BETWEEN GENOMES: HOMOLOGY, HOMOEOLOGY,
AFFINITY. 277
9.3.1 DIPLOID HYBRIDS. 277
9.3.2 QUANTITATIVE MODELS FOR POLYPLOID HYBRIDS. 279
9.3.2.1 TRIPLOID HYBRIDS. 279
9.3.2.2 TETRAPLOID HYBRIDS. 288
9.3.2.2.1 TETRAPLOID HYBRIDS WITH UNMARKED CHROMOSOMES. 288
9.3.2.2.2 TETRAPLOID HYBRIDS WITH MARKED CHROMOSOMES. 298
9.3.2.3 HIGHER POLYPLOIDS AND ANEUPLOIDS. 300
CHAPTER 10 MANIPULATION OF GENOME COMPOSITION: A. GENE TRANSFER
10.1 OBJECTIVES. 301
10.2 MOLECULAR VERSUS GENERATIVE GENE TRANSFER. 302
CONTENTS
XV
10.3 IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFERRED CHROMATIN. 302
10.4 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO GENERATIVE GENE TRANSFER . 305
10.4.1 GENE TRANSFER BY DIRECT RECOMBINATION. 305
10.4.2 MANIPULATION OF RECOMBINATION . 309
10.4.3 MODIFICATION OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING AFFINITY. 312
10.4.4 INDIRECT GENE TRANSFER VIA ADDITION OR SUBSTITUTION . 317
10.4.4.1 ISOLATION OF ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION LINES. 317
10.4.4.2 GENE TRANSFER FROM ALIEN ADDITION OR SUBSTITUTION
CHROMOSOMES. 319
10.4.4.2.1 HOMOEOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION. 320
10.4.4.2.2 TRANSLOCATIONS. 321
10.4.4.2.2.1 RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS. 321
10.4.4.2.2.2 CENTROMERE TRANSLOCATIONS. 322
CHAPTER 11 MANIPULATION OF GENOME COMPOSITION. B. GENE DOSE:
DUPLICATION, POLYPLOIDY AND GAMETIC CHROMOSOME NUMBER
11.1 OBJECTIVES. 327
11.2 DUPLICATIONS. 328
11.2.1 MULTIPLE COPY GENES. 328
11.2.2 DUPLICATION OF SMALL CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS. 329
11.2.3 ADDITION OF ENTIRE CHROMOSOMES. 331
11.3 INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF GENOMES: POLYPLOIDY. 332
11.3.1 AUTOPOLYPLOIDY. 332
11.3.1.1 TRIPLOIDS. 332
11.3.1.2 AUTOTETRAPLOIDS. 334
11.3.1.2.1 INDUCTION. 334
11.3.1.2.1.1 SOMATIC INDUCTION . 334
11.3.1.2.1.2 MEIOTIC DOUBLING. 336
11.3.1.2.2 EFFECTS OF AUTOPOLYPLOIDY. 341
11.3.1.2.2.1 SOMATIC EFFECTS. 341
11.3.1.2.2.2 EFFECTS OF THE TETRASOMIC GENETIC SYSTEM. 343
11.3.1.2.3 REPRODUCTIVE STABILIZATION OF AUTOTETRAPLOIDS. 344
11.3.1.2.3.1 REDUCED FERTILITY AND SEGREGATION OF ANEUPLOIDS. 344
11.3.1.2.3.2 QUADRIVALENT FORMATION IN RELATION TO CHROMOSOME
MORPHOLOGY. 347
11.3.1.2.3.3 QUADRIVALENT DISTRIBUTION. 348
11.3.1.2.3.4 PREFERENTIAL PAIRING. 349
11.3.1.2.3.5 LOCALIZATION OF PAIRING INITIATION AND CHIASMATA. 349
11.3.1.2.3.6 SHIFT OF POINT OF PAIRING PARTNER EXCHANGE. 350
11.3.1.2.3.7 OTHER EFFECTS: INTERFERENCE, B-CHROMOSOMES;
CORRELATION WITH DIPLOID MEIOTIC. 352
11.3.1.2.4 AUTOTETRAPLOIDY: CONCLUSION . 353
11.3.2 ARTIFICIAL ALLOPOLYPLOIDY. 354
XVI CONTENTS
11.3.2.1 OBJECTIVES AND PITFALLS. 354
11.3.2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF ALLOPOLYPLOIDS . 355
11.3.2.2.1 ADJUSTING CHROMOSOME PAIRING DIFFERENTIATION. 355
11.3.2.2.2 ADJUSTING MITOTIC AND MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOUR:
THE HETEROCHROMATIN STORY OF TRITICALE. 357
11.3.2.2.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING ALLOPOLYPLOIDS. 362
11.4 REDUCTION IN GENOME NUMBER: GAMETIC CHROMOSOME
NUMBER. 364
11.4.1 OBJECTIVES. 364
11.4.2 INDUCTION. 365
11.4.2.1 SOMATIC REDUCTION. 365
11.4.2.2 PARTHENOGENCTIC ORIGIN OF HAPLOIDY. 368
CHAPTER 12 MANIPULATION OF THE GENETIC SYSTEM
12.1 NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL VARIATION IN GENERATIVE GENETIC
SYSTEMS . 373
12.2 ALLOPOLYPLOIDIZATION OF AUTOPOLYPLOIDS. 374
12.2.1 PAIRING AFFINITY DIFFERENTIATION . 375
12.2.2 CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS AS PAIRING AFFINITY
DIFFERENTIATING FACTORS . 378
12.2.2.1 TRANSLOCATIONS. 378
12.2.2.2 INVERSIONS . 382
12.2.2.3 GENES ENHANCING PAIRING AFFINITY DIFFERENTIATION . 386
12.3 PERMANENT TRANSLOCATION HETEROZYGOSITY. 386
12.4 CYTOGENETIC APPROACHES TO HYBRID BREEDING . 392
12.4.1 INTRODUCTION . 392
12.4.2 CHROMOSOMAL SELF-REGULATING SYSTEMS FOR THE
MAINTENANCE OF HOMOZYGOUS MS.MS LINES . 394
12.4.2.1 DUPLICATIONS. 396
12.4.2.2 BALANCED TERTIARY TRISOMY AND VARIANTS. 398
12.4.2.3 XYZ SYSTEM IN WHEAT. 400
12.5 APOMIXIS AND RELATED SYSTEMS. 402
REFERENCES. 409
SUBJECT INDEX. 439 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sybenga, Jacob |
| author_facet | Sybenga, Jacob |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sybenga, Jacob |
| author_variant | j s js |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV025860564 |
| classification_rvk | ZC 23000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)299603814 (DE-599)BVBBV025860564 |
| dewey-full | 631.523 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 631 - Techniques, equipment & materials |
| dewey-raw | 631.523 |
| dewey-search | 631.523 |
| dewey-sort | 3631.523 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV025860564 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-09T18:18:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540521127 0387521127 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019108285 |
| oclc_num | 299603814 |
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| owner | DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | XIV, 469 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics |
| series2 | Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics |
| spelling | Sybenga, Jacob Verfasser aut Cytogenetics in plant breeding J. Sybenga Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest Springer 1992 XIV, 469 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics 17 Cytogenetik (DE-588)4070176-1 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 s Cytogenetik (DE-588)4070176-1 s DE-604 Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics 17 (DE-604)BV000008545 17 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019108285&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sybenga, Jacob Cytogenetics in plant breeding Monographs on theoretical and applied genetics Cytogenetik (DE-588)4070176-1 gnd Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070176-1 (DE-588)4045599-3 |
| title | Cytogenetics in plant breeding |
| title_auth | Cytogenetics in plant breeding |
| title_exact_search | Cytogenetics in plant breeding |
| title_full | Cytogenetics in plant breeding J. Sybenga |
| title_fullStr | Cytogenetics in plant breeding J. Sybenga |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytogenetics in plant breeding J. Sybenga |
| title_short | Cytogenetics in plant breeding |
| title_sort | cytogenetics in plant breeding |
| topic | Cytogenetik (DE-588)4070176-1 gnd Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cytogenetik Pflanzenzüchtung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019108285&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000008545 |
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