Cologne commentary on space law: in three volumes 3 DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Köln
Carl Heymanns Verlag
2015
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XCIII, 698 Seiten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783452272133 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cologne commentary on space law |b in three volumes |n 3 |p DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines |c edited by Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl |
| 264 | 1 | |a Köln |b Carl Heymanns Verlag |c 2015 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT OVERVIEW COLOGNE COMMENTARY ON SPACE LAW V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
CONTENTS IX
IN MEMORIAM XXV
EDITORS FOREWORD XXVII
PREFACE TO VOLUME III XXIX
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XXXI
THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS PERTAINING TO OUTER SPACE XXXV
TABLE OF DOCUMENTS XLI
TABLE OF CASES LXXXIII
ABBREVIATIONS LXXXV
(UN-)OFFICIAL PRINCIPLE/PARAGRAPH HEADLINES XCI
THE 1982 PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USE BY STATES OF ARTIFICIAL EARTH
SATELLITES FOR INTERNATIONAL
DIRECT TELEVISION BROADCASTING (DBS PRINCIPLES) 1
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 6
B. COMMENTARY DBS PRINCIPLES 15
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 78
THE 1986 PRINCIPLES RELATING TO REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM OUTER
SPACE (RS PRINCI
PLES) 81
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 86
B. COMMENTARY 88
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 187
THE 1992 PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES IN
OUTER SPACE (NPS
PRINCIPLES) 189
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 196
B. COMMENTARY 203
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 263
D. A DISTINCT NPS SAFETY DOCUMENT: THE SAFETY FRAMEWORK FOR NUCLEAR
POWER
SOURCE APPLICATIONS IN OUTER SPACE 267
THE 1996 DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE EXPLORATION AND
USE OF OUTER
SPACE FOR
THE BENEFIT AND IN THE INTEREST OF ALL STATES, TAKING INTO PARTICULAR
ACCOUNT THE NEEDS
OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (SB DECLARATION) 299
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 306
B. COMMENTARY 319
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 355
VII
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/995337691
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE 2004 RESOLUTION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE LAUNCHING
STATE (LS RESO
LUTION) 363
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 368
B. COMMENTARY 374
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 399
THE 2007 RESOLUTION ON RECOMMENDATIONS ON ENHANCING THE PRACTICE OF
STATES AND INTER
NATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN REGISTERING SPACE OBJECTS
(REGPRACT RESOLU
TION) 401
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 409
B. COMMENTARY 415
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 463
ESA SPACE OBJECT REGISTRATION POLICY 473
UNOOSA REGISTRATION INFORMATION SUBMISSION FORM 476
THE 2013 RESOLUTION ON RECOMMENDATIONS ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT
TO THE PEACEFUL
EXPLORATION AND USE OF OUTER SPACE (NATLEG RESOLUTION) 483
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 492
B. COMMENTARY NATIONAL SPACE LEGISLATION RESOLUTION 547
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 599
THE 2007 SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE
PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER
SPACE (COPUOS SDM GUIDELINES) 605
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 611
B. COMMENTARY 617
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 643
CZECH PROPOSAL FOR A UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPACE DEBRIS RESOLUTION OF
2011 . . . 653
BIBLIOGRAPHY 659
INDEX 695
VIII
CONTENTS
PROJECT OVERVIEW COLOGNE COMMENTARY ON SPACE LAW V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
CONTENTS IX
IN MEMORIAM XXV
EDITORS FOREWORD XXVII
PREFACE TO VOLUME III XXIX
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XXXI
THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS PERTAINING TO OUTER SPACE XXXV
TABLE OF DOCUMENTS XLI
TABLE OF CASES LXXXIII
ABBREVIATIONS LXXXV
(UN-)OFFICIAL PRINCIPLE/PARAGRAPH HEADLINES XCI
THE 1982 PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USE BY STATES
OF ARTIFICIAL EARTH SATELLITES FOR INTERNATIONAL
DIRECT TELEVISION BROADCASTING (DBS PRINCIPLES) 1
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 6
I. INTRODUCTION 6
II. THE EMPHASIS ON STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND THE NEW WORLD INFORMATION AND
COMMUNI
CATION ORDER 7
III. DIRECT BROADCASTING BY SATELLITE 9
IV. THE CONSIDERATION OF DIRECT BROADCASTING BY SATELLITE IN COPUOS 12
B. COMMENTARY DBS PRINCIPLES 15
PREAMBLE 15
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 15
II. COMMENTARY 17
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPH 20
ANNEX: PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USE BY STATES OF ARTIFICIAL EARTH
SATELLITES FOR INTERNATIONAL
DIRECT TELEVISION BROADCASTING 21
PRINCIPLE A: PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES 21
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 21
1. INTRODUCTION 21
2. THE SECOND AND THE THIRD PARAGRAPH 22
IX
CONTENTS
3. THE FIRST PARAGRAPH 23
II. COMMENTARY 24
1. THE FIRST PARAGRAPH - SOVEREIGNTY AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION 25
A) SOVEREIGN RIGHTS OF STATES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-INTERVENTION
25
B) THE RIGHT OF EVERYONE TO SEEK, RECEIVE AND IMPART INFORMATION IN
THE RELEVANT
UNITED NATIONS INSTRUMENTS 26
C) THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION WITH THE SOVEREIGN
RIGHTS OF
STATES 28
D) LIMITATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL DIRECT BROADCASTING BY SATELLITE 29
2. THE SECOND PARAGRAPH - PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES IN NARROWER SENSE 32
3. THE THIRD PARAGRAPH - FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG STATES 34
PRINCIPLE B: APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 36
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 36
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 36
A) NATIONAL LAW/INTERNATIONAL LAW 36
B) THE PALETTE OF APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW 37
2. NEGOTIATION PROCESS 37
II. COMMENTARY 38
1. THE NOTION OF THE TERM INTERNATIONAL LAW 38
2. THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PROVISION 39
PRINCIPLE C: RIGHTS AND BENEFITS 40
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 40
II. COMMENTARY 42
1. THE RIGHT TO CONDUCT, AUTHORIZE AND BENEFIT FROM INTERNATIONAL DIRECT
TELEVI
SION BROADCASTING 43
2. ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY 45
PRINCIPLE D: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 47
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 47
1. DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 47
2. DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 48
3. CONSOLIDATION OF THE TEXT 48
II. COMMENTARY 49
PRINCIPLE E: PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 51
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 51
II. COMMENTARY 52
PRINCIPLE F: STATE RESPONSIBILITY 55
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 55
II. COMMENTARY 57
1. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE OPERATION OF SATELLITES 59
2. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROGRAM CONTENT 59
3. RESPONSIBILITY OF INTERNATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 60
PRINCIPLE G: DUTY AND RIGHT TO CONSULT 63
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 63
II. COMMENTARY 64
PRINCIPLE H: COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 66
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 66
1. BACKGROUND OF THE PRINCIPLE 66
2. NEGOTIATION OF THE PRINCIPLE S TEXT 67
II. COMMENTARY 68
X
CONTENTS
PRINCIPLE I: NOTIFICATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS 71
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 71
II. COMMENTARY 72
PRINCIPLE J: CONSULTATIONS AND AGREEMENTS BETWEEN STATES 73
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 73
II. COMMENTARY 76
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 78
THE 1986 PRINCIPLES RELATING TO REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM OUTER
SPACE (RS PRINCI
PLES) 81
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 86
B. COMMENTARY 88
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 88
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 88
II. COMMENTARY 89
1. PREAMBULAR PARA. 1 89
2. PREAMBULAR PARA. 2 AND 3 90
3. PREAMBULAR PARA. 4 90
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPH 92
ANNEX: PRINCIPLES RELATING TO REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM OUTER
SPACE 93
PRINCIPLE I (DEFINITIONS) 93
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 93
II. COMMENTARY 95
1. PRINCIPLE I LIT. (A) 95
2. PRINCIPLE I LIT. (B)-(D) 97
3. PRINCIPLE I LIT. (E) 97
PRINCIPLE II (BENEFITS AND INTEREST OF ALL COUNTRIES) 99
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 99
II. COMMENTARY 102
1. BENEFITS AND INTEREST OF ALL COUNTRIES 102
2. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL OR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 104
3. PARTICULAR CONSIDERATION FOR THE NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 104
4. DATA DISSEMINATION 105
5. THE EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION TO MAKING DATA AVAILABLE: COPERNICUS/GMES
AND
LICENSING 107
PRINCIPLE III (APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW) 108
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 108
II. COMMENTARY 109
PRINCIPLE TV (RIGHTS AND BENEFITS OF SENSED STATE) 114
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 114
II. COMMENTARY 115
PRINCIPLE V (STATES PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION) 117
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 117
II. COMMENTARY 119
XI
CONTENTS
1. PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND PARTICIPATION AS ONE MODUS
OF COOP
ERATION 120
2. EQUITABLE AND MUTUALLY ACCEPTABLE TERMS 121
3. NEW DEVELOPMENT 121
PRINCIPLE VI (ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNING FACILITIES) 123
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 123
II. COMMENTARY 124
III. REGIONAL PRACTICE IN SHARING PROCESSED DATA: SPATIAL DATA
INFRASTRUCTURES 126
1. EUROPE 127
2. USA 128
3. UNSDI 129
PRINCIPLE VII (TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE) 131
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 131
II. COMMENTARY 132
PRINCIPLE VIII (UN PROMOTING COOPERATION) 138
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 138
II. COMMENTARY 140
1. THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION 141
2. RELEVANT AGENCIES WITHIN THE UN SYSTEM 143
3. OTHER COOPERATION MECHANISMS WITH RELATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS OR
RELEVANT
AGENCIES WITHIN THE UN SYSTEM 145
PRINCIPLE IX (INFORMATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS/AFFECTED STATE) 147
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 147
II. COMMENTARY 148
1. STATE CARRYING OUT A PROGRAMME OF REMOTE SENSING 149
2. SHALL INFORM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UN 149
3. SHALL MAKE AVAILABLE ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ... TO ANY OTHER
STATE ... AT ITS
REQUEST 151
4. SUBSEQUENT STATE PRACTICE 152
PRINCIPLE X (PROTECTION OF EARTH ENVIRONMENT) 153
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 153
II. COMMENTARY 154
1. CONTENT OF PRINCIPLE X 154
2. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 154
PRINCIPLE XI (PROTECTION FROM NATURAL DISASTERS) 156
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 156
II. COMMENTARY 157
1. OBLIGATION TO PROMOTE THE PROTECTION OF MANKIND AND TRANSMIT 158
2. SCOPE OF PRINCIPLE XI 158
3. CONSTANT OR RANDOMLY OCCURRING OBLIGATION: MONITOR OR ISSUE ALERT 158
4. TEMPORAL ELEMENT 159
5. DEFINITION OF DISASTER 159
6. DISASTER MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT 160
7. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 161
PRINCIPLE XII (DATA ACCESS ON NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS) 162
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 162
II. COMMENTARY 165
1. UNDER ITS JURISDICTION 166
2. THE SENSED STATE SHALL HAVE ACCESS TO DATA 166
XII
CONTENTS
3. NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS AND ON REASONABLE COST TERMS 167
4. ACCESS TO THE AVAILABLE ANALYSED INFORMATION 168
5. TAKING PARTICULARLY INTO ACCOUNT THE NEEDS AND INTERESTS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 168
6. THE LIMITATIONS OF PRINCIPLE XII 169
PRINCIPLE XIII (PARTICIPATION OF SENSED STATE) 170
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 170
II. COMMENTARY 172
1. REQUEST OF SENSED STATE 173
2. PRINCIPLE XIII AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION RELATING TO SPACE DATA
173
3. CHARTER ON COOPERATION TO ACHIEVE THE COORDINATED USE OF SPACE
FACILITIES IN
THE EVENT OF NATURAL OR TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS (DISASTER CHARTER) 174
4. COPERNICUS (FORMERLY GMES) 174
PRINCIPLE XIV (INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY) 176
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 176
II. COMMENTARY 177
1. STATES OPERATING REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES 177
2. SHALL BEAR INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR ACTIVITIES 178
3. ASSURANCE THAT ACTIVITIES ARE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
PRINCIPLES AND THE
NORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 179
4. ACTIVITIES OF GOVERNMENTAL AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES, AND
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS 179
5. APPLICABILITY OF THE NORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ON STATE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR REMOTE
SENSING ACTIVITIES 180
6. SUBSEQUENT STATE PRACTICE 181
PRINCIPLE XV (PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES) 183
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 183
II. COMMENTARY 183
1. DISPUTE 184
2. ARISING FROM THE APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES 184
3. SHALL BE RESOLVED THROUGH THE ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES FOR THE
PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT
OF DISPUTES 184
4. SUBSEQUENT STATE PRACTICE 186
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 187
THE 1992 PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES IN
OUTER SPACE (NPS
PRINCIPLES) 189
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 196
I. INTRODUCTION 196
II. NEGOTIATIONS AND DRAFTING HISTORY 200
III. UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF NPS IN OUTER SPACE 202
B. COMMENTARY 203
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 203
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 203
II. COMMENTARY 204
1. STRUCTURE OF THE PREAMBLE 205
2. THE PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 205
XIII
CONTENTS
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPH 208
PRINCIPLES 209
PRINCIPLE 1: APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 209
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 209
II. COMMENTARY 210
PRINCIPLE 2: USE OF TERMS 214
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 214
II. COMMENTARY 215
PRINCIPLE 3: GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA FOR SAFE USE 219
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 220
II. COMMENTARY 222
1. PRINCIPLE 3 PARA. 1. GENERAL GOALS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION AND
NUCLEAR SAFETY 222
2. PRINCIPLE 3 PARA. 2 - NUCLEAR REACTORS 225
3. PRINCIPLE 3 PARA. 3 - RADIOISOTOPE GENERATORS 226
PRINCIPLE 4: SAFETY ASSESSMENT 227
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 227
II. COMMENTARY 230
PRINCIPLE 5: NOTIFICATION OF RE-ENTRY 234
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 234
II. COMMENTARY 235
1. PRINCIPLE 5 PARA.L-NOTIFICATION OF MALFUNCTIONS 236
2. PRINCIPLE 5 PARA. 2 - PROVISION AND UPDATE OF INFORMATION 238
3. PRINCIPLE 5 PARA. 3 - TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO THE UN
SECRETARY-GENERAL 239
PRINCIPLE 6: CONSULTATIONS 240
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 240
II. COMMENTARY 240
PRINCIPLE 7: ASSISTANCE TO STATES 242
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 242
II. COMMENTARY 243
A) SYSTEMATICAL ARRANGEMENT 244
B) THE TERMS AFFECTED STATE AND STATE CONCERNED 244
1. PRINCIPLE 7 PARA. 1 (PRE-RE-ENTRY PHASE) 245
2. PRINCIPLE 7 PARA. 2 (POST-RE-ENTRY PHASE) 245
A) SOVEREIGNTY AND THE RIGHTS OF THE LAUNCHING STATE 245
B) NECESSARY ASSISTANCE 246
3. SHORTCOMMINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF PRINCIPLE 7 247
PRINCIPLE 8: RESPONSIBILITY 249
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 249
II. COMMENTARY 251
PRINCIPLE 9: LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION 253
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 253
II. COMMENTARY 255
1. PRINCIPLE 9 PARA. 1 - INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED 256
2. PRINCIPLE 9 PARA. 2 - DETERMINATION OF COMPENSATION 256
3. PRINCIPLE 9 PARA. 3 - REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES 257
XIV
CONTENTS
PRINCIPLE 10: SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 258
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 258
II. COMMENTARY 258
PRINCIPLE 11: REVIEW AND REVISION 260
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 260
II. COMMENTARY 261
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 263
D. A DISTINCT NPS SAFETY DOCUMENT: THE SAFETY FRAMEWORK FOR NUCLEAR
POWER
SOURCE APPLICATIONS IN OUTER SPACE 267
I. NEGOTIATIONS AND DRAFTING HISTORY 279
1. 2003-2007: AGREEMENT ON THE OBJECTIVES, SCOPES AND ATTRIBUTES OF A
NEW INTER
NATIONAL SPACE NUCLEAR SAFETY DOCUMENT 281
2. 2007-2009: DRAFTING OF THE NPS SAFETY FRAMEWORK 282
II. COMMENTARY 283
1. PREFACE 283
2. INTRODUCTION 285
A) BACKGROUND 285
B) PURPOSE 285
C) SCOPE 286
3. SAFETY OBJECTIVE 286
4. GUIDANCE FOR GOVERNMENTS 287
A) SAFETY POLICIES, REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESSES 288
B) JUSTIFICATION FOR SPACE NUCLEAR POWER SOURCE APPLICATIONS 288
C) MISSION LAUNCH AUTHORIZATION 289
D) EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 290
5. GUIDANCE FOR MANAGEMENT 290
A) RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY 291
B) LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY 293
6. TECHNICAL GUIDANCE 293
A) TECHNICAL COMPETENCE IN NUCLEAR SAFETY 293
B) SAFETY IN DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 294
C) RISK ASSESSMENT 295
D) ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCE MITIGATION 295
7. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 296
THE 1996 DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE EXPLORATION AND
USE OF OUTER
SPACE FOR
THE BENEFIT AND IN THE INTEREST OF ALL STATES, TAKING INTO PARTICULAR
ACCOUNT THE NEEDS
OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (SB DECLARATION) 299
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 306
I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 306
II. CONTEXT 313
1. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 313
2. IMPACT OF THE DECLARATION 315
B. COMMENTARY 319
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 319
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 320
II. COMMENTARY 323
1. HAVING CONSIDERED THE UNCOPUOS REPORT AND THE ANNEXED DECLARATION . .
. 323
2. BEARING IN MIND THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE UN CHARTER 323
XV
CONTENTS
3. RECALLING OST 324
4. RECALLING RELEVANT RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SPACE
324
5. BEARING IN MIND THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SECOND UN CONFERENCE ON
THE EX
PLORATION AND PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE, AND OF OTHER INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCES 325
6. RECOGNIZING THE GROWING SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION . . 325
7. CONSIDERING EXPERIENCES GAINED IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE VENTURES
326
8. CONVINCED OF THE NECESSITY AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FURTHER
STRENGTHENING INTERNA
TIONAL COOPERATION 327
9. DESIROUS OF FACILITATING THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE THAT THE
EXPLORATION AND USE
OF OUTER SPACE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT FOR THE BENEFIT AND IN THE INTEREST
OF ALL PARTIES 327
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPH 328
ANNEX: DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE EXPLORATION AND
USE OF OUTER SPACE
FOR THE BENEFIT AND IN THE INTEREST OF ALL STATES, TAKING INTO
PARTICULAR ACCOUNT THE NEEDS OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 329
PARAGRAPH 1 (APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW/BENEFIT AND INTEREST)
330
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 330
II. COMMENTARY 331
PARAGRAPH 2 (FREE DETERMINATION OF COOPERATION) 333
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 333
II. COMMENTARY 334
PARAGRAPH 3 (PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION/DEVELOPING COUNTRIES)
337
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 337
II. COMMENTARY 338
PARAGRAPH 4 (MODES OF COOPERATION) 340
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 340
II. COMMENTARY 341
PARAGRAPH 5 (AIMS OF COOPERATION/DEVELOPING COUNTRIES) 343
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 343
II. COMMENTARY 344
1. DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [LIT. (A)] 344
2. DEVELOPMENT OF RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE SPACE CAPABILITIES [LIT. (B)]
345
3. EXCHANGE OF EXPERTISE AND TECHNOLOGY [LIT. (C)] 345
PARAGRAPH 6 (DEVELOPMENT GOALS) 346
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 346
II. COMMENTARY 346
PARAGRAPH 7 (INFORMATION FORUM COPUOS) 349
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 349
II. COMMENTARY 349
PARAGRAPH 8 (CONTRIBUTION TO UN PROGRAMS) 352
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 352
II. COMMENTARY 353
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 355
I. CURRENT STATUS 355
II. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 356
XVI
CONTENTS
SPACE MILLENNIUM DECLARATION: VIENNA DECLARATION ON SPACE AND HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT . . 358
THE 2004 RESOLUTION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE LAUNCHING
STATE (LS RESO
LUTION) 363
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 368
I. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT 368
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 370
B. COMMENTARY 374
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 374
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 375
II. COMMENTARY 375
1. RECALLING LIAB/REG 376
2. BEARING IN MIND THE TERM AND FUNCTION OF LAUNCHING STATE 376
3. TAKING NOTE OF THE COPUOS REPORTS 377
4. NOTING NO AUTHORITATIVE INTERPRETATION OR PROPOSED AMENDMENT 377
5. NOTING CHANGED PRACTICE IN SPACE ACTIVITIES 378
A) CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES 378
B) INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF STATES CARRYING OUT SPACE ACTIVITIES 378
C) INCREASE IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER
SPACE . . . 378
D) INCREASE IN SPACE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ENTITIES, INCLUDING
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT JOINTLY BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ENTITIES, AS WELL AS PARTNERSHIPS FORMED BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES
FROM ONE
OR MORE COUNTRIES 378
6. DESIROUS OF FACILITATING ADHERENCE AND APPLICATION 379
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS 380
PARAGRAPH 1 (RECOMMENDATION: CONSIDERING NATIONAL LEGISLATION) 381
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 381
II. COMMENTARY 382
1. AUTHORIZATION AND CONTINUING SUPERVISION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ACTIVITIES ... 382
2. FULFILMENT OF INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE OUTER SPACE TREATY,
THE LIABILITY
CONVENTION AND THE REGISTRATION CONVENTION 384
3. DEFINING NATIONAL SPACE LEGISLATION 384
PARAGRAPH 2 (RECOMMENDATION: AGREEMENTS CONCERNING JOINT LAUNCHES) 387
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 387
II. COMMENTARY 388
1. JOINT LAUNCHES OR COOPERATION PROGRAMS 388
2. AGREEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH LIAB 389
PARAGRAPH 3 (RECOMMENDATION: ON-ORBIT TRANSFER INFORMATION) 391
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 391
II. COMMENTARY 392
PARAGRAPH 4 (RECOMMENDATION: CONSIDERING HARMONIZED PRACTICES) 394
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 394
II. COMMENTARY 395
1. CONSISTENCY OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW 395
2. HARMONIZATION 396
XVII
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH 5 (REQUEST: ASSISTANCE BY COPUOS) 397
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 397
II. COMMENTARY 397
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 399
THE 2007 RESOLUTION ON RECOMMENDATIONS ON ENHANCING THE PRACTICE OF
STATES AND INTER
NATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN REGISTERING SPACE OBJECTS
(REGPRACT RESOLU
TION) 401
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 409
I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 409
II. CONTEXT 413
B. COMMENTARY 415
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 415
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 416
1. OST, REG, UNG A RES. 1721 B (XVI), UNG A RES. 41 /66, UNCOPUOS REPORT
AND LSC REPORT (PREAMBULAR PARA. 1-5) 417
2. NO AUTHORITATIVE INTERPRETATION OR PROPOSED AMENDMENT (PREAMBULAR
PARA. 6) 417
3. BENEFITS FOR STATE PARTIES (PREAMBULAR PARA. 7) 417
4. INFORMATION DUTIES BY PARTIES/ESTABLISHMENT OF APPROPRIATE REGISTRIES
(PRE
AMBULAR PARA. 8) 418
5. BENEFITS OF UNIVERSAL ACCESSION, ACCEPTANCE, IMPLEMENTATION AND
OBSERVANCE
(PREAMBULAR PARA. 9) 418
6. NEW DEVELOPMENTS (PREAMBULAR PARA. 10) 419
7. ACHIEVING THE MOST COMPLETE REGISTRATION, ENHANCING ADHERENCE
(PREAMBULAR
PARA. 11-12) 419
8. OMITTED PROPOSAL 420
II. COMMENTARY 420
1. RECALLING OST 420
2. RECALLING REG 420
3. RECALLING UNGA RES. 1721 B (XVI) OF 20 DECEMBER 1961 421
4. RECALLING UNGA RES. 41/66 OF 3 DECEMBER 1986 421
5. TAKING NOTE OF UNCOPUOS REPORT AND LSC REPORT 423
6. NO AUTHORITATIVE INTERPRETATION OR PROPOSED AMENDMENT 423
7. BENEFITS FOR STATES BECOMING PARTIES TO THE REG 423
8. INFORMATION DUTIES BY PARTIES/ESTABLISHMENT OF APPROPRIATE REGISTRIES
425
9. CONSIDERING THE BENEFITS OF UNIVERSAL ACCESSION, ACCEPTANCE,
IMPLEMENTATION
AND OBSERVANCE 425
10. NOTING NEW DEVELOPMENTS 426
11. DESIROUS OF ACHIEVING MOST COMPLETE REGISTRATION 426
12. DESIROUS OF ENHANCING ADHERENCE 427
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS 428
PARAGRAPH 1 (RECOMMENDATION: ADHERENCE TO THE REG) 429
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 429
II. COMMENTARY 430
PARAGRAPH 2 (RECOMMENDATION: HARMONIZATION OF PRACTICES) 432
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 432
II. COMMENTARY 436
XVIII
CONTENTS
1. UNIFORMITY IN THE TYPE OF INFORMATION [LIT. (A)] 437
A) INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATOR 437
B) TIME REFERENCE FOR DATE OF LAUNCH 438
C) STANDARD UNITS FOR BASIC ORBITAL PARAMETERS 438
D) FUNCTION OF THE SPACE OBJECT 439
2. ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATE INFORMATION [LIT. (B)] 440
A) GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT LOCATION 440
B) CHANGE OF STATUS IN OPERATIONS 440
C) DATE OF DECAY OR RE-ENTRY 441
D) DISPOSAL ORBIT 441
E) WEB LINKS 442
3. DESIGNATED FOCAL POINTS [LIT. (C)] 442
PARAGRAPH 3 (RECOMMENDATION: ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPLETE REGISTRATION) 443
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 443
II. COMMENTARY 447
1. SPACE ACTIVITIES BY INTERNATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
[LIT. (A)] ... 447
2. REGISTRATION IN ABSENCE OF PRIOR AGREEMENT [LIT. (B)] 447
3. SEPARATE REGISTRATION OF SPACE OBJECTS [LIT. (C)] 449
4. LAUNCH SERVICE PROVIDERS [LIT. (D)] 450
PARAGRAPH 4 (RECOMMENDATION: INFORMATION CONCERNING CHANGE IN
SUPERVISION) 451
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 451
II. COMMENTARY 453
1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BY STATE OF REGISTRY FOLLOWING THE CHANGE OF
SUPERVISION
IN ORBIT [LIT. (A)] 453
A) DATE OF CHANGE IN SUPERVISION 455
B) IDENTIFICATION NEW OWNER OR OPERATOR 455
C) CHANGE OF ORBITAL POSITION 455
D) CHANGE OF FUNCTION 456
2. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BY THE APPROPRIATE STATE FOLLOWING THE CHANGE
OF SUPER
VISION IN ORBIT [LIT. (B)] 456
PARAGRAPH 5 (REQUEST: OOSA MODEL REGISTRATION FORM) 457
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 457
II. COMMENTARY 458
1. MODEL REGISTRATION FORM [LIT. (A)] 458
2. PUBLISH CONTACT DETAILS OF FOCAL POINTS [LIT. (B)] 459
3. WEB LINKS [LIT. (C)] 460
PARAGRAPH 6 (RECOMMENDATION: REPORTING TO OOSA) 461
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 461
II. COMMENTARY 461
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 463
I. GENERAL COMMENTS 463
II. SPECIAL ASPECTS 464
1. TRACKING OF SPACE OBJECTS 464
2. PROCESS ON SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTER SPACE ACTIVITIES 466
A) GGE REPORT 466
B) LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY (LTS) 468
C) PRE-LAUNCH NOTIFICATIONS UNDER HCOC 469
3. SUB-ORBITAL FLIGHTS 469
4. SMALL-SATELLITES 470
5. TIME FRAME OF REGISTRATION 470
XIX
CONTENTS
III. PROPOSALS FOR AN AMELIORATED PRACTICE 471
1. A DOCUMENT BINDING THE LAUNCH SERVICE CUSTOMER BEFORE LAUNCH 471
2. STATE-TO-STATE AGREEMENT IN CASE OF TRANSFER OF OPERATION 471
3. POLICIES OF IGO S HAVING DECLARED ITS ACCEPTANCE OF RIGHTS AND
OBLIGATIONS .. 472
ESA SPACE OBJECT REGISTRATION POLICY 473
UNOOSA REGISTRATION INFORMATION SUBMISSION FORM 476
THE 2013 RESOLUTION ON RECOMMENDATIONS ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT
TO THE PEACEFUL
EXPLORATION AND USE OF OUTER SPACE (NATLEG RESOLUTION) 483
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 492
I. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT 492
1. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SPACE ACTIVITIES 495
2. THE DUTY TO AUTHORIZE AND SUPERVISE 497
3. LIABILITY 498
4. REGISTRATION 500
5. TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL 502
6. OTHER ISSUES 503
II. PRACTICAL BACKGROUND 503
1. INTRODUCTION: A LIST OF NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS TO REVIEW 503
2. SCOPE OF ACTIVITY 506
3. NATIONAL JURISDICTION 510
4. AUTHORIZATION/PROCEDURE (COMPETENT NATIONAL AUTHORITIES; APPLICABLE
PROCE
DURES) 514
5. CONDITIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION 517
6. CONTINUING SUPERVISION/ENFORCEMENT 521
A) INFORMATION PROVISION AND NOTIFICATION 522
B) THE RIGHTS OF ACCESS * 522
C) THE SUPERVISING AUTHORITY S RIGHTS TO DIRECT, MODIFY, SUSPEND AND
TERMINATE THE
ACTIVITY 523
D) SANCTIONS 523
7. REGISTRY OF SPACE OBJECTS 524
8. INDEMNIFICATION TO THE GOVERNMENT, TPL, INSURANCE 530
9. NEW ELEMENTS, ETC. (TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL, ETC. WHICH ARE
THE REFLEC
TION FROM THE INCREASING COMMERCIALIZATION OF SPACE AND RESULTANT UNGA
RESO
LUTIONS) 534
III. DRAFTING HISTORY 535
1. PREVIOUS AGENDA ITEM ON THE REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT OF THE LAUNCHING
STATE . . 535
2. PREVIOUS AGENDA ITEM ON PRACTICE OF STATES AND INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS IN
REGISTERING SPACE OBJECTS 536
3. AGENDA ITEM GENERAL EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION
RELEVANT
FOR THE PEACEFUL EXPLORATION AND USE OF OUTER SPACE 538
4. WORK OF THE WORKING GROUP UNDER ITS MULTI-YEAR WORKPLAN 539
5. FINAL REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP IN 2012 542
6. DISCUSSION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS WITHIN UNCOPUOS AND ITS LEGAL
SUB
COMMITTEE IN 2012 AND 2013 544
7. ADOPTION OF THE RESOLUTION BY THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY 545
B. COMMENTARY NATIONAL SPACE LEGISLATION RESOLUTION 547
PREAMBULAR PARAGRAPHS 547
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 548
II. COMMENTARY 549
1. INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND PEACEFUL PURPOSES 549
XX
CONTENTS
2. RESOLUTIONS ON THE CONCEPT OF THE LAUNCHING STATE AND ENHANCED SPACE
OBJECT
REGISTRATION PRACTICES 551
3. THE WORK OF THE UNCOPUOS LEGAL SUB-COMMITTEE AND UN SPACE TREATIES .
552
4. NO AUTHORITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF AMENDMENT OF UN SPACE TREATIES 552
5. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES 552
6. SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE OUTER SPACE ENVIRONMENT 553
7. THE DUTY TO INFORM AND REGISTER SPACE OBJECTS 554
8. CONSISTENCY, PREDICTABILITY, AND OTHER REASONS TO ENACT NATIONAL
SPACE LAW .... 555
9. DIFFERENT APPROACHES 555
OPERATIVE PARAGRAPH: ELEMENTS FOR CONSIDERATION 556
RECOMMENDATIONS 557
PARAGRAPH 1 (RECOMMENDATION: SCOPE OF APPLICATION) 558
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 558
II. COMMENTARY 559
PARAGRAPH 2 (RECOMMENDATION: RELEVANT NATIONAL JURISDICTION) 564
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 564
II. COMMENTARY 566
1. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ITS OBLIGATIONS AS A LAUNCHING STATE 567
2. AND AS A STATE RESPONSIBLE FOR NATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SPACE
568
3. SHOULD ASCERTAIN NATIONAL JURISDICTION OVER SPACE ACTIVITIES 569
4. CARRIED OUT FROM TERRITORY UNDER ITS JURISDICTION AND/OR CONTROL
570
5. BY ITS CITIZENS AND/OR LEGAL PERSONS ESTABLISHED, REGISTERED OR
SEATED IN TERRITORY
UNDER ITS JURISDICTION AND/OR CONTROL 574
6. IF ANOTHER STATE IS EXERCISING JURISDICTION WITH RESPECT TO SUCH
ACTIVITIES, .... 575
7. FORBEARING FROM DUPLICATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND AVOID UNNECESSARY
BURDENS . . . 576
PARAGRAPH 3 (RECOMMENDATION: AUTHORIZATION/COMPETENT NATIONAL AUTHORITY)
577
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 577
II. COMMENTARY 578
PARAGRAPH 4 (RECOMMENDATION: CONDITIONS FOR AUTHORIZATION) 581
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 581
II. COMMENTARY 582
PARAGRAPH 5 (RECOMMENDATION: CONTINUING SUPERVISION/ENFORCEMENT) 586
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 586
II. COMMENTARY 587
PARAGRAPH 6 (RECOMMENDATION: NATIONAL REGISTRY/INFORMATION BY OPERATORS
OR OWNERS) . . 588
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 588
II. COMMENTARY 590
PARAGRAPH 7 (RECOMMENDATION: RECOURSE AGAINST OPERATORS OR
OWNERS/INSURANCE) 594
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 594
II. COMMENTARY * 595
PARAGRAPH 8 (RECOMMENDATION: CONTINUING SUPERVISION AFTER TRANSFER OF
OWNERSHIP/CONTROL
IN ORBIT) 597
I. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 597
II. COMMENTARY 598
XXI
CONTENTS
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 599
I. SUBORBITAL FLIGHTS AND SPACE TOURISM 599
II. SMALL SATELLITES 601
III. EUROPEAN UNION AS A NEW ACTOR IN OUTER SPACE 601
IV. LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTER SPACE ACTIVITIES 602
THE 2007 SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE
PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER
SPACE (COPUOS SDM GUIDELINES) 605
A. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 611
I. THE SPACE DEBRIS ENVIRONMENT 611
II. NEGOTIATION AND DRAFTING HISTORY 612
1. THE EARLY YEARS 612
2. NEGOTIATIONS AND DRAFTING PROCESS OF THE UN GUIDELINES 614
3. ABSENCE OF INVOLVEMENT OF THE LEGAL SUBCOMMITTEE 615
4. THE ROLE OF SPACE AGENCIES IN THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING THE
GUIDELINES .... 616
B. COMMENTARY 617
1. BACKGROUND 617
1. SPACE DEBRIS AND SPACE OBJECTS 618
II. SOURCES OF SPACE DEBRIS 619
III. THE CONCERN FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 621
IV. CATEGORIES OF SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION MEASURES 622
2. RATIONALE 623
I. RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SPACE DEBRIS 623
II. THE IADC MITIGATION GUIDELINES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 624
3. APPLICATION 626
4. SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES 628
GUIDELINE 1: LIMIT DEBRIS RELEASED DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS 629
GUIDELINE 2: MINIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR BREAK-UPS DURING OPERATIONAL
PHASES . . . 631
GUIDELINE 3: LIMIT THE PROBABILITY OF ACCIDENTAL COLLISION IN SPACE 632
GUIDELINE 4: AVOID INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTION AND OTHER HARMFUL ACTIVITIES
634
GUIDELINE 5: MINIMIZE POTENTIAL FOR POST-MISSION BREAK-UPS RESULTING
FROM STORED
ENERGY 635
GUIDELINE 6: LIMIT THE LONG-TERM PRESENCE OF SPACECRAFT AND LAUNCH
VEHICLE ORBITAL
STAGES IN THE LOW-EARTH ORBIT (LEO) REGION AFTER THE END OF THEIR
MISSION 636
GUIDELINE 7: LIMIT THE LONG-TERM INTERFERENCE OF SPACECRAFT AND LAUNCH
VEHICLE
ORBITAL STAGES WITH THE GEOSYNCHRONOUS EARTH ORBIT (GEO) REGION
AFTER THE END OF THEIR MISSION 639
5. UPDATES 641
6. REFERENCE 642
C. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 643
I. THE LEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COPUOS SDM GUIDELINES 643
1. SPECIFICATION OF ART. IX OST 644
A) SPACE DEBRIS AS A HARMFUL CONTAMINATION OF OUTER SPACE 644
B) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ANALOGY 646
2. SPECIFICATION OF FAULT UNDER THE LIABILITY CONVENTION 647
II. FURTHER NORMATIVE DEVELOPMENT 648
1. RESOLUTION OF THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY ON SPACE DEBRIS 648
2. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND OUTLOOK 651
XXII
CONTENTS
A) RECENT INITIATIVE: THE SPACE DEBRIS COMPENDIUM 651
B) SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 651
C) ACTIVE DEBRIS REMOVAL 652
CZECH PROPOSAL FOR A UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPACE DEBRIS RESOLUTION OF
2011 . . . 653
BIBLIOGRAPHY 659
BOOKS 659
ARTICLES AND CONFERENCE PAPERS 664
UN PUBLICATIONS 684
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES 684
WEB RESOURCES 686
INDEX 695
XXIII
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes 3 DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines edited by Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl Köln Carl Heymanns Verlag 2015 XCIII, 698 Seiten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Weltraumrecht (DE-588)4140394-0 gnd rswk-swf Kommentar (DE-588)4136710-8 gnd rswk-swf Weltraumrecht (DE-588)4140394-0 s Kommentar (DE-588)4136710-8 s DE-604 Hobe, Stephan 1957- (DE-588)121784304 edt Schmidt-Tedd, Bernhard 1954- (DE-588)170171507 edt Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (DE-588)1013396057 edt (DE-604)BV035704169 3 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019422093&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes Weltraumrecht (DE-588)4140394-0 gnd Kommentar (DE-588)4136710-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4140394-0 (DE-588)4136710-8 |
| title | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes |
| title_auth | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes |
| title_exact_search | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes |
| title_full | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes 3 DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines edited by Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl |
| title_fullStr | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes 3 DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines edited by Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cologne commentary on space law in three volumes 3 DBS principles, RS principles, NPS principles, SB declaration, LS resolution, RegPract resolution, NatLeg resolution, COPUOS SDM guidelines edited by Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl |
| title_short | Cologne commentary on space law |
| title_sort | cologne commentary on space law in three volumes dbs principles rs principles nps principles sb declaration ls resolution regpract resolution natleg resolution copuos sdm guidelines |
| title_sub | in three volumes |
| topic | Weltraumrecht (DE-588)4140394-0 gnd Kommentar (DE-588)4136710-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Weltraumrecht Kommentar |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019422093&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035704169 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hobestephan colognecommentaryonspacelawinthreevolumes3 AT schmidtteddbernhard colognecommentaryonspacelawinthreevolumes3 AT schroglkaiuwe colognecommentaryonspacelawinthreevolumes3 |