The changing alpine treeline: the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Developments in earth surface processes
12 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0444533648 9780444533647 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Developments in Earth Surface Processes, 12
THE CHANGING ALPINE
TREELINE: THE EXAMPLE
OF GLACIER NATIONAL
PARK, MT, USA
Edited by
David R Butler
Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos
George P Malanson
Department of Geography, University of Iowa
Stephen J Walsh
Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Daniel B Fagre
US Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Glacier National
Park, Montana
ELSEV1ER
Amsterdam - Boston - Heidelberg - London - New York - Oxford
Paris - San Diego - San Francisco - Singapore - Sydney - Tokyo
CONTENTS
Editorial Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Acronyms xix
List of Contributors xxi
1 Introduction: Understanding the Importance of Alpine Treeline
Ecotones in Mountain Ecosystems 1
Daniel B Fagre
1 Introduction 1
2 Importance of High-Elevation Mountain Research 2
3 Recent Changes to the Alpine Areas of Glacier National Park 3
4 Factors Affecting the Alpine Treeline Ecotone 6
2 Pattern-Process Relations in the Alpine and Subalpine
Environments: A Remote Sensing and GIScience
Perspective 11
Stephen J Walsh, Daniel G Brown, Christine A Geddes, Daniel J Weiss,
Sean McKnight, Evan S Hammer, and Julie P Tuttle
1 Introduction 11
2 Study Area 12
2 1 General setting 12
2 2 Geographic areas of research emphasis 14
3 Background and Context 16
3 1 Remote sensing approaches 17
3 2 Field approaches 18
3 3 GIS representation 19
4 Data and Methods 20
4 1 Medium-grained remote sensing 20
4 2 High-resolution DEM creation 21
VII
viii Contents
5 Selected Applications 24
5 1 Pixel versus object classification of vegetation 24
5 2 Linear mixture modeling 28
5 3 Pattern metrics 29
6 Conclusions 31
3 Ecotone Dynamics: Invasibility of Alpine Tundra by Tree Species
from the Subalpine Forest 35
George P Malanson, Daniel G Brown, David R Butler, David M Cairns,
Daniel B Fagre, and Stephen J Walsh
1 Introduction 35
1 1 Plant s eye view 36
2 Seeds to Seedlings in Open Tundra 37
2 1 Dispersal 38
2 2 Protected sites 40
2 3 Annual weather 43
3 Seedlings 43
3 1 Coarse scale climate 44
3 2 Endogenous climate modification 46
3 3 Microclimate 48
3 4 Soil 50
4 Tree or Krummholz Form 51
5 Facilitation or Inhibition? 54
5 1 Pattern and process 55
6 Conclusion 56
Geomorphic Patterns and Processes at Alpine Treeline 63
David R Butler, George P Malanson, Lynn M Resler, Stephen J Walsh,
Forrest D Wilkerson, Ginger L Schmid, and Carol F Sawyer
1 Introduction 63
2 Coarse-Scale Processes 65
2 1 Snow avalanches as treeline disturbance agents 65
2 2 Debris flows as treeline disturbance agents 67
3 Medium-Scale Processes 68
3 1 Turf-banked terraces 69
3 2 Eolian processes at treeline 71
4 Fine-Scale Processes and Landforms 73
4 1 Turf exfoliation 73
4 2 Boulders 74
3-
4-
5-
7-
Introduction
Background
Study Site
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Contents IX
4 3 Needle-ice pans 76
4 4 Frost heaving and churning 79
5 Additional Comments on the Possible Role of Animals at Treeline 81
6 Conclusions 81
5 Environmental Controls on Turf-Banked Terraces 85
Daniel J Weiss, Stephen J Walsh, Sean A McKnight, and Evan S Hammer
6 Soils and Pedogenesis at Alpine Treeline 107
Ginger L Schmid, David R Butler, George P Malanson, and Lynn M Resler
1 Introduction 107
1 1 Background 108
2 Field Data Collection 109
2 1 Soil pit data at Lee Ridge and White Calf Mountain 109
2 2 Soil penetrability and compression on Turf-banked terrace
treads and risers 111
3 Results 114
3 1 Soil pit data from tree fingers and adjacent tundra 114
3 2 Effective soil depth and soil compaction data 115
4 Discussion and Conclusions 117
7 Canopy Structure in the Krummholz and Patch Forest Zones 119
Evan S Hammer and Stephen J Walsh
1 Introduction 120
2 Background and Context 121
2 1 Alpine treeline 121
2 2 Leaf area index 123
3 Study Area 124
3 1 Lee Ridge 125
3 2 Apikuni Cirque 126
3 3 Cataract Creek 126
3-4
3-5
3-7
Data
4-3
Preston Park
Baring Basin
Scenic Point
East Flattop Mountain
and Methods
Field data collection
Digital elevation model and terrain analysis
Vector data sets
Data processing
Analysis
5-i
5-2
5-3
5-4
3D visualization
Spatial analysis
Biophysical analysis
Topo-climatic variables
Results and Discussion
Internal canopy structure
Between patch structure
Conclusions
Contents
8 A Markov Analysis of Tree Islands at Alpine Treeline 151
Lynn M Resler and Mark A Fonstad
1 Introduction 151
2 Methods 154
2 1 Markov chain analysis 154
2 2 Embedded Markov chains 157
2 3 First-order Markov chains 157
3 Results 158
3 1 Spatial sequence of conifer establishment 158
3 2 Stability at treeline 158
4 Discussion 159
4 1 Establishment characteristics 160
4 2 Treeline stability 161
5 Conclusions 163
9 Modeling Feedback Effects on Linear Patterns of Subalpine
Forest Advancement 167
Matthew F Bekker and George P Malanson
1 Introduction 167
1 1 Treeline patterns 168
1 2 Explanations of treeline pattern 169
1 3 Modeling treeline location and dynamics 170
Contents
2 Methods 172
10 The Future of Treeline 191
David R Butler, George P Malanson, and Stephen J Walsh
Index 195
3-
4-
5-
FORSKA
Parameterization
Modifications
Site quality
Simulations
Results
Discussion
Gap models and treeline environments
Effects of light and mortality
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Butler, David R. |
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| dewey-full | 551.4320978652 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.4320978652 |
| dewey-search | 551.4320978652 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.4320978652 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Biologie Geographie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Glacier National Park USA |
| id | DE-604.BV025607267 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:37:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444533648 9780444533647 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXII, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
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| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Developments in earth surface processes |
| series2 | Developments in earth surface processes |
| spelling | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA ed. by David R. Butler ... 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2009 XXII, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in earth surface processes 12 Baumgrenze (DE-588)4144170-9 gnd rswk-swf Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd rswk-swf Glacier National Park USA (DE-588)4093554-1 gnd rswk-swf Glacier National Park USA (DE-588)4093554-1 g Baumgrenze (DE-588)4144170-9 s Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 s DE-604 Butler, David R. edt Developments in earth surface processes 12 (DE-604)BV007921453 12 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020202308&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA Developments in earth surface processes Baumgrenze (DE-588)4144170-9 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4144170-9 (DE-588)4304982-5 (DE-588)4093554-1 |
| title | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA |
| title_auth | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA |
| title_exact_search | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA |
| title_full | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA ed. by David R. Butler ... |
| title_fullStr | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA ed. by David R. Butler ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The changing alpine treeline the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA ed. by David R. Butler ... |
| title_short | The changing alpine treeline |
| title_sort | the changing alpine treeline the example of glacier national park mt usa |
| title_sub | the example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA |
| topic | Baumgrenze (DE-588)4144170-9 gnd Umweltveränderung (DE-588)4304982-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Baumgrenze Umweltveränderung Glacier National Park USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020202308&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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