The ecology of tropical East Asia:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2009
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford biology
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 262 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780199532452 9780199532469 0199532451 019953246X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The ecology of tropical East Asia |c Richard T. Corlett |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: The ecology of tropical East Asia
Autor: Corlett, Richard
Jahr: 2009
Contents
Preface v
1 Environmental history 1
1.1 Why Tropical East Asia ? 1
1.2 Ecological vs. historical explanations 2
1.3 Plate tectonics and the origin of Tropical East Asia 2
1.4 Sea-level changes 5
1.5 Changes in climate and vegetation 7
1.6 Extraterrestrial impacts, volcanoes, and other natural catastrophes 9
1.7 The first humans 13
1.8 The arrival of modern humans 14
1.9 The spread of agriculture 17
1.10 Hunting 18
1.11 Burning 19
1.12 Urbanization 20
2 Physical geography 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Weather and climate 22
2.2.1 Temperatures 24
2.2.2 Slope angle and aspect 24
2.2.3 Rainfall 25
2.2.4 Water from fog 25
2.2.5 Interannual variation in rainfall 26
2.2.6 Snow and ice 28
2.2.7 Wind 28
2.2.8 Lightning 30
2.3 Fires 30
2.4 Soils 31
2.4.1 Soil classifications 31
2.4.2 Landslides and soil erosion 33
2.5 Vegetation 33
2.5.1 Lowland vegetation 34
2.5.2 Montane vegetation 43
2.5.3 Wetlands 45
2.5.4 Urban vegetation 47
2.6 Plant phenology 49
2.6.1 Leaf phenology 49
2.6.2 Reproductive phenology 51
vii
3 Biogeography 57
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Differences between the biogeographical regions 58
3.3 The transition between TEA and the Australian Region 60
3.4 The transition to the Palaearctic Region 61
3.5 Biogeographical elements in the biota of TEA 62
3.6 How many species are there in TEA? 63
3.7 Patterns of diversity within TEA 63
3.8 Subdividing TEA 67
3.9 Island biogeography 69
3.9.1 Continental islands on the Sunda Shelf 70
3.9.2 Hainan and Taiwan 70
3.9.3 Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands 71
3.9.4 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands 71
3.9.5 Palau Islands 72
3.9.6 Krakatau 72
3.9.7 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 72
3.9.8 Islands off the west coast of Sumatra 74
3.9.9 The Philippines 74
3.9.10 Sulawesi 76
3.9.11 Sangihe and Talaud Islands 77
3.9.12 NusaTenggara 78
3.9.13 Maluku 79
4 The ecology of plants: from seed to seed 80
4.1 Introduction 80
4.2 Study sites 80
4.3 Trees from seed to seed 81
4.3.1 Pollination 82
4.3.2 Seed dispersal 89
4.3.3 Gene flow by pollen and seeds 97
4.3.4 Seed predation and seed pathogens 97
4.3.5 Germination and seedling establishment 100
4.3.6 The seedling stage 101
4.3.7 Sapling to adult 102
4.3.8 Sprouts and resprouting 104
4.4 Other life forms 105
4.4.1 Lianas 105
4.4.2 Ground herbs 106
4.4.3 Epiphytes 106
4.4.4 Hemi-epiphytes and stranglers 107
4.5 The maintenance of species-diversity in tropical forests 108
4.6 Forest succession 111
4.7 Phylogeny and community assembly 112
5 The ecology of animals: foods and feeding 113
5.1 Introduction 113
5.2 Herbivores 113
5.2.1 Leaf-eaters 113
5.2.2 Shoot-, bark-, and wood-feeders 119
5.2.3 Root-feeders 119
5.2.4 Sap-suckers 119
5.2.5 Ants as cryptic herbivores 120
5.2.6 Gall-formers 121
5.2.7 Flower visitors 121
5.2.8 Frugivores 123
5.2.9 Granivores 126
5.3 Detritivores 127
5.4 Carnivores 128
5.4.1 Invertebrate-feeders 128
5.4.2 Vertebrate-feeders 132
5.5 Parasites and parasitoids 135
5.6 Omnivores 136
5.7 Scavengers 137
5.8 Coprophages 137
6 Energy and nutrients 139
6.1 Introduction 139
6.2 Energy and carbon 139
6.2.1 Primary production 139
6.2.2 Biomass 142
6.2.3 Net ecosystem production and exchange 142
6.3 Other nutrients 143
6.3.1 Nitrogen 144
6.3.2 Phosphorus 145
6.3.3 Essential cations 147
6.3.4 Micronutrients 148
6.3.5 Aluminium, manganese, and hydrogen 148
6.4 Research needs 149
7 Threats to biodiversity 150
7.1 Introduction 150
7.2 Don t trust the numbers! 150
7.3 The ultimate causes 151
7.3.1 The growth of human populations 151
7.3.2 Poverty 152
7.3.3 Corruption 153
7.3.4 Globalization 153
7.4 The major threats to biodiversity 154
7.4.1 Habitat loss 154
7.4.2 Deforestation 154
7.4.3 Fragmentation 156
7.4.4 Mining 158
7.4.5 Urbanization 159
7.4.6 Logging 159
7.4.7 Collecting of non-timber forest products 161
7.4.8 Hunting 161
7.4.9 Fires 164
7.4.10 Invasive species 165
7.4.11 Diseases of wildlife, people, and plants 168
7.4.12 Air pollution and nutrient enrichment 168
7.4.13 Climate change 170
7.5 Predicting extinctions 173
7.6 Satellites and cryptic threats 175
8 Conservation: saving all the pieces 176
8.1 Introduction 176
8.2 Who should pay and how? 176
8.2.1 Who should pay? 176
8.2.2 Payments for environmental services 178
8.2.3 Carbon offsets 179
8.2.4 Biodiversity offsets 180
8.2.5 Tourism 181
8.2.6 Voluntary conservation measures 183
8.2.7 Certification 183
8.2.8 TheroleofNGOs 186
8.3 What should be protected? . 186
8.3.1 Surrogates in conservation planning 186
8.3.2 Setting priorities 188
8.4 Protecting areas 192
8.4.1 Establishing new protected areas 192
8.4.2 Enhancing protection for existing protected areas 193
8.4.3 Community-based conservation 194
8.4.4 Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDP) 194
8.5 Sustainable exploitation 195
8.5.1 Logging and the collection of non-timber forest products 195
8.5.2 Hunting 196
8.5.3 Controlling trade 196
8.6 Managing the matrix 197
8.7 Managing other threats 198
8.7.1 Controlling fires 198
8.7.2 Managing invasive species 198
8.7.3 Mitigating climate change impacts 199
8.7.4 Biofuels 201
8.7.5 Air pollution 201
8.8 Ex-situ conservation 201
8.9 Ecological restoration and reintroduction 203
8.9.1 Restoring forest 203
8.9.2 Reintroducing species 206
8.10 Conservation leakage 208
8.11 Education 208
8.12 Does conservation work? 210
8.13 The way forward for biodiversity conservation in TEA 211
References 212
Index 255
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| spelling | Corlett, Richard Verfasser aut The ecology of tropical East Asia Richard T. Corlett Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2009 X, 262 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford biology Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd rswk-swf Südostasien (DE-588)4058448-3 gnd rswk-swf Südostasien (DE-588)4058448-3 g Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020198627&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | The ecology of tropical East Asia |
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| title_full | The ecology of tropical East Asia Richard T. Corlett |
| title_fullStr | The ecology of tropical East Asia Richard T. Corlett |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ecology of tropical East Asia Richard T. Corlett |
| title_short | The ecology of tropical East Asia |
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