HPC@Green IT: green high performance computing methods
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 205 - 211 |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 221 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783642017889 |
Internformat
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| 300 | |a XV, 221 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804142783118704640 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BASIC GOALS OF THE BOOK I
1.2 WHAT DO I GET FOR ONE WATT TODAY ? 1
1.3 MAIN MEMORY BOTTLENECK 3
1.4 OPTIMIZE RESOURCE USAGE 3
1.5 APPLICATION DESIGN 4
1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 4
1.6.1 HISTORICAL ASPECTS 4
1.6.2 PARAMETERIZATION 5
1.6.3 MODELS 5
1.6.4 CORE OPTIMIZATION 6
1.6.5 NODE OPTIMIZATION 6
1.6.6 CLUSTER OPTIMIZATION 6
1.6.7 GRID-BROKERING TO SAVE ENERGY 7
2 HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS 9
2.1 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING 9
2.2 THE FIRST COMPUTER COMPANIES 14
2.2.1 ERA, EMCC AND UNIVAC 14
2.2.2 CONTROL DATA CORPORATION, CDC 14
2.2.3 CRAY RESEARCH 15
2.2.4 THINKING MACHINES CORPORATION 16
2.2.5 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES (IBM) 17
2.2.6 THE ASCI EFFORT 18
2.2.7 THE JAPANESE EFFORTS 19
2.3 THE COMPUTER GENERATIONS 20
2.4 THE EVOLUTION IN COMPUTING PERFORMANCE 20
2.5 PERFORMANCE/PRICE EVOLUTION 22
2.6 EVOLUTION OF BASIC SOFTWARE 22
2.7 EVOLUTION OF ALGORITHMIC COMPLEXITY 23
2.8 THE TOP500 LIST 25
2.8.1 OUTLOOK WITH THE TOP500CURVES 27
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/993961959
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
2.8.2 THE GREEN500 LIST 28
2.8.3 PROPOSAL FOR A REAL500 LIST 30
PARAMETERIZATION 31
3.1 DEFINITIONS 31
3.2 PARAMETERIZATION OF APPLICATIONS 35
3.2.1 APPLICATION PARAMETER SET 35
3.2.2 PARAMETERIZATION OF BLAS LIBRARY ROUTINES 36
3.2.3 SMXV: PARAMETERIZATION OF SPARSE MATRIX*VECTOR OPERATION .. 38 3.3
PARAMETERIZATION OF A COMPUTATIONAL NODES P E R 39
3.4 PARAMETERIZATION OF THE INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS 41
3.4.1 TYPES OF NETWORKS 41
3.4.2 PARAMETERIZATION OF CLUSTERS AND NETWORKS 42
3.5 PARAMETERS RELATED TO RUNNING APPLICATIONS 44
3.6 CONCLUSION 47
MODELS 49
4.1 THE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL 49
4.2 THE EXECUTION TIME EVALUATION MODEL (ETEM) 53
4.3 A NETWORK PERFORMANCE MODEL 53
4.4 THE EXTENDED R - K MODEL 55
4.5 VALIDATION OF THE MODELS 56
4.5.1 METHODOLOGY 56
4.5.2 EXAMPLE: THE FULL MATRIX*MATRIX MULTIPLICATION DGEMM . .. 57 4.5.3
EXAMPLE: SPARSE MATRIX*VECTOR MULTIPLICATION SMXV 59
CORE OPTIMIZATION 63
5.1 SOME USEFUL NOTIONS 63
5.1.1 DATA HIERARCHY 63
5.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION 64
5.1.3 FLOATING POINT OPERATIONS 67
5.1.4 PIPELINING 68
5.2 SINGLE CORE OPTIMIZATION 70
5.2.1 SINGLE CORE ARCHITECTURES 70
5.2.2 MEMORY CONFLICTS 70
5.2.3 INDIRECT ADDRESSING 74
5.2.4 UNROLLING 75
5.2.5 DEPENDENCY 76
5.2.6 MINING 78
5.2.7 IF STATEMENT IN A LOOP 78
5.2.8 CODE PORTING ASPECTS 79
5.2.9 HOW TO DEVELOP APPLICATION SOFTWARE 83
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS XIII
5.3 APPLICATION TO PLASMA PHYSICS CODES 84
5.3.1 TOKAMAKS AND STELLERATORS 84
5.3.2 OPTIMIZATION OF VMEC 88
5.3.3 OPTIMIZATION OF TERPSICHORE 91
5.3.4 CONCLUSIONS FOR SINGLE CORE OPTIMIZATION 94
6 NODE OPTIMIZATION 95
6.1 SHARED MEMORY COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES 95
6.1.1 SMP/NUMA ARCHITECTURES 95
6.1.2 THE CELL 99
6.1.3 GPGPU FOR HPC 100
6.2 NODE COMPARISON AND OPENMP 105
6.2.1 RACE CONDITION WITH OPENMP 109
6.3 APPLICATION OPTIMIZATION WITH OPENMP: THE 3D HELMHOLTZ SOLVER 110
6.3.1 FAST HELMHOLTZ SOLVER FOR PARALLELEPIPEDIC GEOMETRIES ILL 6.3.2
NEC SX-5 REFERENCE BENCHMARK 113
6.3.3 SINGLE PROCESSOR BENCHMARKS 114
6.3.4 PARALLELIZATION WITH OPENMP 115
6.3.5 PARALLELIZATION WITH MPI 115
6.3.6 CONCLUSION 119
6.4 APPLICATION OPTIMIZATION WITH OPENMP: TERPSICHORE 119
7 CLUSTER OPTIMIZATION 121
7.1 INTRODUCTION ON PARALLELIZATION 121
7.2 INTERNODE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 121
7.2.1 NETWORK ARCHITECTURES 121
7.2.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN NETWORK ARCHITECTURES 129 7.3 DISTRIBUTED
MEMORY PARALLEL COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES 131 7.3.1 INTEGRATED PARALLEL
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES 131
7.3.2 COMMODITY CLUSTER ARCHITECTURES 134
7.3.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ISSUES 136
7.3.4 THE ISSUE OF RESILIENCE 137
7.4 TYPE OF PARALLEL APPLICATIONS 138
7.4.1 EMBARRASSINGLY PARALLEL APPLICATIONS 138
7.4.2 APPLICATIONS WITH POINT-TO-POINT COMMUNICATIONS 138 7.4.3
APPLICATIONS WITH MULTICAST COMMUNICATION NEEDS 139 7.4.4 SHARED MEMORY
APPLICATIONS (OPENMP) 139
7.4.5 COMPONENTS BASED APPLICATIONS 139
7.5 DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES 139
7.5.1 TEST EXAMPLE: THE GYROTRON 140
7.5.2 THE GEOMETRY AND THE MESH 142
7.5.3 CONNECTIVITY CONDITIONS 142
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
7.5.4 PARALLEL MATRIX SOLVER 143
7.5.5 THE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATO 145
7.6 SCHEDULING OF PARALLEL APPLICATIONS 146
7.6.1 STATIC SCHEDULING 146
7.6.2 DYNAMIC SCHEDULING 146
7.7 SPECULOOS 147
7.7.1 INTRODUCTION 147
7.7.2 TEST CASE DESCRIPTION 147
7.7.3 COMPLEXITY ON ONE NODE 149
7.7.4 WRONG COMPLEXITY ON THE BLUE GENE/L 150
7.7.5 FINE RESULTS ON THE BLUE GENE/L 151
7.7.6 CONCLUSIONS 151
7.8 TERPSICHORE 153
7.9 PARALLELIZATION OF THE LEMAN CODE WITH MPI AND OPENMP 154 7.9.1
INTRODUCTION 154
7.9.2 PARALLELIZATION 154
7.9.3 CPU TIME RESULTS 156
7.10 CONCLUSIONS 159
GRID-LEVEL BROKERING TO SAVE ENERGY 161
8.1 ABOUT GRID RESOURCE BROKERING 161
8.2 AN INTRODUCTION TO I ANOS 162
8.2.1 JOB SUBMISSION SCENARIO 164
8.3 THE COST MODEL 165
8.3.1 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 165
8.3.2 CPU COSTS K E 167
8.3.3 LICENSE FEES K T 169
8.3.4 COSTS DUE TO WAITING TIME K W 169
8.3.5 ENERGY COSTS K ECO 169
8.3.6 DATA TRANSFER COSTS K D 171
8.3.7 EXAMPLE: THE PLEIADES CLUSTERS CPU COST PER HOUR 171 8.3.8
DIFFERENT CURRENCIES IN A GRID ENVIRONMENT 173
8.4 THE IMPLEMENTATION 173
8.4.1 ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN 174
8.4.2 THE GRID ADAPTER 174
8.4.3 THE META SCHEDULING SERVICE (MSS) 175
8.4.4 THE RESOURCE BROKER 176
8.4.5 THE SYSTEM INFORMATION 177
8.4.6 THE DATA WAREHOUSE 177
8.4.7 THE MONITORING SERVICE 177
8.4.8 THE MONITORING MODULE VAMOS 178
8.4.9 INTEGRATION WITH UN1CORE GRID SYSTEM 179
8.4.10 SCHEDULING ALGORITHM 179
8.4.11 USER INTERFACES TO THE I ANOS FRAMEWORK 181
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XV
8.5 DVS-ABLE PROCESSORS 182
8.5.1 POWER CONSUMPTION OF A CPU 183
8.5.2 AN ALGORITHM TO SAVE ENERGY 184
8.5.3 FIRST RESULTS WITH SMXV 185
8.5.4 A FIRST IMPLEMENTATION 186
8.6 CONCLUSIONS 188
9 RECOMMENDATIONS 189
9.1 APPLICATION ORIENTED RECOMMENDATIONS 189
9.1.1 CODE DEVELOPMENT 189
9.1.2 CODE VALIDATION 189
9.1.3 PORTING CODES 190
9.1.4 OPTIMIZING PARALLELIZED APPLICATIONS 190
9.1.5 RACE CONDITION 190
9.2 HARDWARE AND BASIC SOFTWARE ASPECTS 191
9.2.1 BASIC SOFTWARE 191
9.2.2 CHOICE OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE 192
9.3 ENERGY REDUCTION 192
9.3.1 PROCESSOR FREQUENCY ADAPTATION 192
9.3.2 IMPROVED COOLING 193
9.3.3 CHOICE OF OPTIMAL RESOURCES 193
9.3.4 BEST CHOICE OF NEW COMPUTER 193
9.3.5 LAST BUT NOT LEAST 194
9.4 MISCELLANEOUS 194
9.4.1 COURSE MATERIAL 194
9.4.2 A NEW REAL500 LIST 194
GLOSSARY 197
REFERENCES 205
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 213
INDEX 215
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:37:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642017889 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XV, 221 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Gruber, Ralf Verfasser aut HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods Ralf Gruber ; Vincent Keller Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2010 XV, 221 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 205 - 211 Betriebsmittelverwaltung (DE-588)4417917-0 gnd rswk-swf Grid Computing (DE-588)4743648-7 gnd rswk-swf Green-IT (DE-588)7717106-8 gnd rswk-swf Hochleistungsrechnen (DE-588)4532701-4 gnd rswk-swf Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd rswk-swf Green-IT (DE-588)7717106-8 s Hochleistungsrechnen (DE-588)4532701-4 s Grid Computing (DE-588)4743648-7 s Betriebsmittelverwaltung (DE-588)4417917-0 s Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 s DE-604 Keller, Vincent Verfasser aut DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020195273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gruber, Ralf Keller, Vincent HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods Betriebsmittelverwaltung (DE-588)4417917-0 gnd Grid Computing (DE-588)4743648-7 gnd Green-IT (DE-588)7717106-8 gnd Hochleistungsrechnen (DE-588)4532701-4 gnd Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4417917-0 (DE-588)4743648-7 (DE-588)7717106-8 (DE-588)4532701-4 (DE-588)7660153-5 |
| title | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods |
| title_auth | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods |
| title_exact_search | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods |
| title_full | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods Ralf Gruber ; Vincent Keller |
| title_fullStr | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods Ralf Gruber ; Vincent Keller |
| title_full_unstemmed | HPC@Green IT green high performance computing methods Ralf Gruber ; Vincent Keller |
| title_short | HPC@Green IT |
| title_sort | hpc green it green high performance computing methods |
| title_sub | green high performance computing methods |
| topic | Betriebsmittelverwaltung (DE-588)4417917-0 gnd Grid Computing (DE-588)4743648-7 gnd Green-IT (DE-588)7717106-8 gnd Hochleistungsrechnen (DE-588)4532701-4 gnd Energieeffizienz (DE-588)7660153-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Betriebsmittelverwaltung Grid Computing Green-IT Hochleistungsrechnen Energieeffizienz |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020195273&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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