Issues in economics: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham, Md.
Univ. Press of America
2008
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 275 S. |
| ISBN: | 0761836136 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | ISSUES IN ECONOMICS AN INTRODUCTION JAMES B. HERENDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS
OF AMERICA, INC. LANHAM * BOULDER * NEW YORK * TORONTO * PLYMOUTH, UK
CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES XIII LIST OF TABLES XV PREFACE XVII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX PART I: INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS ISSUES 1
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS 3 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 3 HOW SOCIETY COORDINATES
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 4 TYPES OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 6 EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY 8
ASSUMPTIONS AND REALITY 8 WHY DO ECONOMISTS DISAGREE? 9 ECONOMIC THEORY
AND ECONOMIC POLICY 10 ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE 10 SUMMARY 11 REVIEW
QUESTIONS 11 SUGGESTED READINGS 12 2 THE ROLE OF MARKETS: PRODUCTION,
CONSUMPTION, DISTRIBUTION, SPECIALIZATION AND EXCHANGE 13 HOW MARKETS
WORK 13 PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES 15 SPECIALIZATION IN PRODUCTION 19 V VI
CONTENTS EXCHANGE AND GAINS FROM TRADE 20 THE CIRCULAR FLOW OF GOODS AND
SERVICES, EXPENDITURES, INPUT SERVICES AND INCOME AND SAVING AND
BORROWING 20 THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS 22 SUMMARY 24 REVIEW QUESTIONS 24
SUGGESTED READINGS 25 3 THE ECONOMIC ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 26 THE ECONOMIC
POLICY ROLES OF GOVERNMENT 26 MARKET FAILURE 28 THE POLITICAL PROCESS 30
GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE 31 THE BUDGET DEFICIT 32 SUMMARY X
33 REVIEW QUESTIONS 33 SUGGESTED READINGS 34 PART II. MICROECONOMIC
ISSUES 4 HOUSEHOLDS AND MARKETS 37 HOUSEHOLD DEMAND 37 HOUSEHOLD SUPPLY
38 SHIFTERS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND 40 CONSUMER AND PRODUCER SURPLUS 44 THE
NEW THEORY OF THE HOUSEHOLD 44 FINANCING THE HOUSEHOLD 45 SUMMARY 47
REVIEW QUESTIONS 47 SUGGESTED READINGS 48 5 COST OF PRODUCTION AND THE
THEORY OF THE FIRMS 49 COST OF PRODUCTION 49 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION UNDER
PURE COMPETITION . 50 THE FIRM AND THE MARKET: CONSTANT COST CASE; PURE
COMPETITION 52 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION 55
MONOPOLY AND OLIGOPOLY 59 SUMMARY 63 REVIEW QUESTIONS 63 SUGGESTED
READINGS 65 6 CLASSIFICATION OF MARKET STRUCTURE 66 PURE COMPETITION:
OUTPUT MARKET 66 CONTENTS VN PURE COMPETITION: INPUT MARKET 67 IMPERFECT
(OR MONOPOLISTIC) COMPETITION: OUTPUT MARKET 67 IMPERFECT
(MONOPSONISTIC) COMPETITION: INPUT MARKET 69 OLIGOPOLY: OUTPUT MARKET 69
OLIGOPSONY: INPUT MARKET 70 MONOPOLY: OUTPUT MARKET 71 MONOPSONY: INPUT
MARKET 71 FIRMS WITH MULTIPLE MARKETS 72 THE FIRM AND THE MARKET 73
REVIEW QUESTIONS 74 SUGGESTED READINGS 75 WHY HAS INCOME DISTRIBUTION
BECOME LESS EQUAL OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS? 76 MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
THEORY 76 NATIONAL INCOME AND DISPOSABLE INCOME 78 WHY INCOME
DISTRIBUTION HAS BECOME LESS EQUAL OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS 79 INCOME
DISTRIBUTION AND THE POLITICAL SYSTEM 82 POLICY OPTIONS 82 SUMMARY 84
REVIEW QUESTIONS 84 SUGGESTED READINGS 85 REGULATION AND DEREGULATION 86
THEORIES OF REGULATION 86 HISTORY OF REGULATION AND DEREGULATION 88
MAJOR REGULATORY AGENCIES 89 NATURAL MONOPOLY THEORY 90 SUMMARY 93
REVIEW QUESTIONS 93 SUGGESTED READINGS 94 WHY ARE FARMERS DOING SO
POORLY DESPITE ALL THE MONEY SPENT ON FARM PROGRAMS? 95 AGRICULTURE
DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION 95 THE POST-WAR ERA 97 CHARACTERISTICS OF
SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN AGRICULTURE 98 JUSTIFICATIONS FOR FARM PROGRAMS 101
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 102 REVIEW QUESTIONS 102 SUGGESTED READINGS 103
VLLL CONTENTS 10 WHAT S WRONG WITH OUR SCHOOL SYSTEMS? STRUCTURE OF THE
INDUSTRY PROBLEMS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS POSSIBLE REFORMS PROBLEMS IN
HIGHER EDUCATION SHOULD THE PUBLIC SUPPORT EDUCATION? REVIEW QUESTIONS
SUGGESTED READINGS 11 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS: DOES SAVING THE
ENVIRONMENT REQUIRE SLOWER GROWTH? WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENT? THE EXTERNAL
COST OF POLLUTION GLOBAL WARNUNG DOES SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT REQUIRE
SLOWER GROWTH? SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS SUGGESTED READINGS 12 ECONOMICS
OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: CAN THE SYSTEM BE REFORMED? INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY WHY IS HEALTH CARE SO EXPENSIVE? WHAT HAPPENS
TO LOW INCOME PEOPLE? CAN THE SYSTEM BE REFORMED? MEDICAL SAVINGS
ACCOUNTS PRE-FUNDING OF MEDICARE LONG TERM CARE INSURANCE PEOPLE NOT
COVERED PRESCRIPTION DRUGS LOW INCOME PEOPLE MODELS OF HEALTH CARE
PROVISION MALPRACTICE INSURANCE SUMMARY REVIEW QUESTIONS SUGGESTED
READINGS 13 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXCHANGE DOMESTIC TRADE AND FOREIGN
TRADE WHY IS THE FOREIGN SECTOR IMPORTANT? GAINS FROM TRADE 104 104 105
106 107 109 109 110 111 111 111 112 113 114 114 115 116 116 116 117 118
119 120 120 121 121 123 123 124 125 125 126 126 128 128 128 129 CONTENTS
IX GAINS FROM TRADE: AN EXAMPLE 129 PROBLEMS WITH TRADE 133 WHY DO WE
HAVE BARRIERS TO TRADE? 135 SUMMARY 135 REVIEW QUESTIONS 136 SUGGESTED
READINGS 136 14 THE RECENT CORPORATE SCANDALS: TO WHOM ARE CORPORATE
EXECUTIVES ACCOUNTABLE? 137 INTRODUCTION 137 EVOLUTION OF THE
CORPORATION 138 THE NATURE OF THE CORPORATE FIRM 139 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
142 CAN ACCOUNTING RULES FOOL THE MARKET? 144 POSSIBLE REFORMS 145 TO
WHOM ARE CORPORATE EXECUTIVES ACCOUNTABLE? 146 SUMMARY 147 REVIEW
QUESTIONS 147 SUGGESTED READINGS 148 PART III: MACROECONOMIC ISSUES 15
MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 153 NATIONAL INCOME AND NATIONAL PRODUCT 153
THE SECTOR RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE TABLE 155 NOMINAL AND REAL GDP 159
RATES OF GROWTH OF OUTPUT AND OF PRICES 160 SUMMARY 161 REVIEW QUESTIONS
162 SUGGESTED READINGS 163 16 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND DEMAND 164
INTRODUCTION 164 AGGREGATE DEMAND 164 AGGREGATE SUPPLY 167 SHIFTERS OF
AGGREGATE DEMAND 170 SHIFTERS OF AGGREGATE SUPPLY 170 THE PATH OF OUTPUT
THROUGH TIME 172 SUMMARY 174 REVIEW QUESTIONS 175 SUGGESTED READINGS 176
X CONTENTS 17 BUSINESS CYCLES 177 DEPRESSION AND RECESSION 177 THE GREAT
DEPRESSION 178 RECENT RECESSIONS 179 CAUSES OF THE BUSINESS CYCLE 186
SUMMARY 188 REVIEW QUESTIONS 188 SUGGESTED READINGS 189 18 THE FEDERAL
RESERVE SYSTEM AND THE MONEY SUPPLY PROCESS 190 INTRODUCTION 190
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 190 FUNCTIONS OF THE FED 192 POLICY TOOLS OF
THE FED 193 INDEPENDENCE OF THE FED 194 LIMITS ON THE ABILITY OF BANKS
TO CREATE DEPOSITS 196 LIMITS ON THE FED S ABILITY TO CREATE RESERVES
196 SUMMARY 197 REVIEW QUESTIONS 198 SUGGESTED READINGS 199 19
MACROECONOMIC POLICY: STABILIZATION, GROWTH AND INFLATION 200 MEASURING
THE HEALTH OF THE ECONOMY 200 STABILIZATION POLICY 201 MONETARY POLICY
202 THE MIX OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY 204 GROWTH POLICY 206
INFLATION POLICY 208 SUMMARY 210 REVIEW QUESTIONS 211 SUGGESTED READINGS
212 20 THE US AND THE REST OF WORLD: MONEY MARKETS, GOODS MARKETS AND
FINANCIAL MARKETS 213 WHY IS THE FOREIGN SECTOR IMPORTANT? 213 THE
CIRCULAR FLOW OF GOODS AND SERVICES, FINANCIAL ASSETS AND MONEY BETWEEN
THE U.S. AND THE REST OF THE WORLD 214 UNDERSTANDING EXCHANGE RATES 216
PURCHASING POWER PARITY 218 INTEREST RATE PARITY 220 EXCHANGE RATES AND
TRADE 221 PURCHASING POWER PARITY AS A GUIDE TO POLICY 223 CONTENTS XI
SUMMARY 226 REVIEW QUESTIONS 226 SUGGESTED READINGS 227 21 THE ROLE OF
FINANCIAL MARKETS 229 THE ROLE OF FINANCE IN THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM 229
DIRECT AND INDIRECT FINANCE 230 PRIMARY MARKETS AND SECONDARY MARKETS
231 WHY ARE SECONDARY MARKETS IMPORTANT? 231 THE PRICING OF FINANCIAL
ASSETS 233 DETERMINANTS OF BUSINESS INVESTMENT IN EARNING ASSETS 235
LIMITS ON THE ABILITY TO BORROW 235 DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS 236 FINANCIAL
INNOVATION 237 COMPETITION IN FINANCIAL MARKETS 238 SUMMARY 239 REVIEW
QUESTIONS 240 SUGGESTED READINGS 240 22 BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES:
REGULATION AND DEREGULATION 242 INTRODUCTION 242 THE GREAT DEPRESSION
AND BANK REGULATION 242 INFLATION: RISING INTEREST RATES AND FINANCIAL
INNOVATION IN THE 70S 243 1980: DEREGULATION 244 THE THRIFT CRISIS 244
PARTIAL RE-REGULATION IN 1989 245 THE BANKING CRISIS: 1989-91 246 1991:
DEPOSIT INSURANCE REFORM 246 CAUSES OF PROBLEMS FOR DEPOSITORY
INSTITUTIONS 247 THE 1990S: DEREGULATION AND THE BANK MERGER MOVEMENT
247 THE NARROW BANKING CONCEPT 249 SUMMARY 250 REVIEW QUESTIONS 250
SUGGESTED READINGS 251 23 SOCIAL SECURITY: IS THE SYSTEM GOING BROKE?
252 HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS 252 POSSIBLE REFORMS 253 DOUBLE TAXATION OF
SOCIAL SECURITY WITHHOLDING 255 SUMMARY 256 REVIEW QUESTIONS 256
SUGGESTED READINGS 257 XLL CONTENTS 24 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: WHY SOME
COUNTRIES GROW AND OTHERS DO NOT 258 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 258 WHY ARE
SOME COUNTRIES RIEH AND OTHER COUNTRIES POOR? 259 THE ROLE OF SOCIAL
OVERHEAD CAPITAL 260 THE ROLE OF MARKETS 262 GLOBALIZATION: PROBLEMS AND
PROSPECTS 262 SUMMARY 263 REVIEW QUESTIONS 263 SUGGESTED READINGS 264
INDEX 267 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 275
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