Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Jodhpur
Scientific Publ.
2001
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 187 - 199 |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8172332262 |
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| adam_text | Bioclimatology and
Plant Geography of
Peninsular India
V M Meher-Homji
French Institute, Pondicherry
(Former Dean, Salim Ali School of Ecology,
Pondicherry University)
SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS (INDIA)
P O BOX 91 JODHPUR
CONTENTS
Introduction
Acknowledgements
1 THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT: GEOGRAPHICAL OUTLOOK
1 Introduction
2 Peninsular India
3 The Mountain ranges in the peninsula
4 The Geological History
2 CLIMATE
1 Meteorological seasons
2 Rainfall
3 The South-West monsoon
4 The monsoon mechanism
5 The monsoon phenomenon
6 Post-monsoon season
7 Cyclones and depressions
8 Eastern depressions
9 Western disturbances
10 The dry season
11 Study of climatic factors
(a) Temperature
(b) Length of the dry season
(c) Frost period
(d) The light factor
12 Diversity of climates
(a) Scales o liimatic studies
13 Climatic classification of India
(a) Hot desertic climate
(b) SubTdesertic climate
(c) Cold desertic climate
(d) Cold sub-desertic climate
(e) Mediterranean climate
(i) Degrees of maditerraneity
(ii) Some criticism of earlier definitions
(f) Tropical climate
viii
(g) Bixeric climate 28
(h) Axeric climates without any dry season 28
(i) Glacial (or cryomeric) climate 31
14 Climatic variability 31
(a) On the recent climatic changes 31
15 Effect of forests on climate 32
(a) Deforestation and declining rainfall 33
(i) Evidence from India 33
(ii) Evidence from other Asian countries 35
(iii) Africa 36
(iv) Tropical America 36
(b) Probable mechanisms involved in forest-rainfall linkages 36
(c) Forests and microclimate 40
16 Combating droughts and desertification 40
(a) Drought 40
(b) Desertification 40
(c) Aridity 41
(d) Degrees of aridity 41
17 Concluding remarks 42
3 PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOCLIMATES 44
1 The Azoic era (Archaeozoic) 44
2 The Proterozoic era (Upper Pre-Cambrian) 44
3 The Palaeozoic and the earlier plant-life 44
t 4 The Devonian period and the Psilophytates 47
5 The Gondwana system 47
(a) The Carboniferous period (The Coal Age) and the Lycopods 47
(b) Lower Gondwana period and the Glossopteris flora 47
(c) The Permian Period 48
(d) Middle Gondwana period and the Dicroidium flora 48
6 The Jurassic Period (The age of Cycads) 48
7 Cretaceous-Eocene and the arigiosperms 49
(a) Palaeocene-Eocene 50
(b) Oligocene 50
(c) Miocene 50
(d) Pliocene 52
8 Causes of climatic change 53
9 Quaternary and the role of palynology in reconstructing the vegetational history 54
10 Phenology of species in relation to the Northward drift of the Indian landmass 59
11 Man s impact on the vegetation since the Neolithic 59
12 Concluding remarks 60
4 SOILS OF PENINSULAR INDIA 62
1 Skeletal soil or Lithosol 62
2 Sand and sand-dunes 62
3 Saline soils 63
ix
4 Alluvial soils 63
5 Black soils 64
(a) Tropical black soils 64
(b) Black soils on Trap 65
(c) Tropical black soils (clays) on alluvia 67
6 Brown soils 67
(a) Brown eutrophic soils 68
(b) Brown soils on alluvia 68
(c) Vertic brown soils 68
(d) Brown red soils 69
(e) Leached brown soils 69
7 Tropical Red ferruginuous soils 69
(a) Sandy tropical ferruginous soils 70
(b) Tropical ferruginous soils of sandy loamy texture 70
(c) Tropical ferruginuous loamy soil 70
(d) Tropical ferruginous brown red soils 70
(e) Tropical red ferruginous soils on Trap 70
(f) Association of tropical ferruginous soils and vertic brown soils 71
(g) Tropical ferruginous soils with loamy texture 71
(h) Tropical ferruginous soils on acid rocks 72
8 Ferrallitic soils 72
(a) Weakly ferralitic soils 72
(i) Weakly ferralitic soils on trap 72
(ii) Weakly ferralitic soils on acid rocks 73
(b) Lateritic caps 73
(c) Fossil laterites 73
5 VEGETATION OF PENINSULAR INDIA AND ITS CONSERVATION STATUS 74
1 Introduction 74
2 Units of conservation effort 74
3 Materials and methods 77
4 Vegetation cover of India • 77
5 Survey of vegetation types 78
I Thorny Types 80
1 Calligonum vegetation type 80
2 Prosopis - salvadora - Capparis - Ziziphus vegetation type 81
3 Acacia - Capparis vegetation type • 88
II Deciduous types 89
4-5 Acacia senegal-Anogeissus pendula vegetation type and
Acacia catechu-Anogeissus pendula vegetation type 89
6 Anogeissus pendula-Anogeissus lalifblia type with or without Terminate 93
7 Acacia-Anogeissus latifolia type 93
8 Anogeissus latifolia-Hardwickia binata type 96
9 Anogeissus latifblia-Terminalia type 99
10 Terminalia-Anogeissus latifolia-Cleistanthus type 102
X
(a) Dry deciduous teak types 103
11 Terminalia-Anogeissus latifblia-Tectona grandis type 103
12-13 Deciduous teak forest type intermediate between dry and moist categories 112
(b) Moist deciduous teak type 114
14 Tectona-Dillenia-Lagerstroemia laticeolata-Terminalia paniculata type 114
(c) Dry deciduous sal types 118
15 Shorea-Buchanania-Cleistanthus type 118
16 Shorea-Cleistanthus-Croton vegetation type 120
(d) Sal type intermediate between dry and moist categories 121
17 Shorea-Terminalia-Adim type 121
(e) Moist deciduous sal types 124
18 Shorea-Dilleiiia-Pterospertnum type 124
19 Shorea-Syzygium operculatum-Toona-Symplocos type 127
III Semi-evergreen type 131
20 Tonna-Garuga type 131
IV Evergreen types 132
21 Shola or montane forest 132
22 Gordonia-Schejflera-Meliosma type 136
23 Bridelia-Ficiisglomerala-Syzygium type 136
24 Memecylon-Actinadaphne-Syzygium type 138
25 Machilus (Persea)-Diospyros-Holigarna type 139
26 Dipterocarpus-Mesua-Palaqnium vegetation type 140
27 Cullenia-Mesua-Palaquium vegetation type 143
V Dry evergreen types 145
28 Acacia-Albizia amara vegetation type 145
29 Manilkara-Chloroxylon vegetation type 148
30 Albizia amara-Chloroxylon-Anogeissus latifolia type 149
6 Representation of diversity through a transect in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 151
7 The Andaman-Nicobar Island 157
31 Dipterocarpus-Arlocarpus-Calophyllum-Planchonia vegetation type of the
Andaman-Nicobar Islands 157
8 Coastal formations 158
Vegetation of shores and beaches 158
32 The mangrove vegetation 162
(i) The mangroves and derived vegetation of South India 163
(ii) Brackish waters of Kerala 166
(iii) Halophytic populations of Mumbai region 167
(iv) Mangroves of Kutch and Saurashtra 168
(v) Mangroves of the Godavari-Krishna deltas 168
(vi) The Mananadi-Brahmani delta of Orissa 169
(vii) The Gangetic delta 169
(viii) Mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 169
9 Concluding remarks 170
xi
6 AREA UNDER FOREST IN INDIA
Interpretation of Vegetation - Report and Analysis
Concluding remarks
7 SOME THOUGHTS ON MEETING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF
THE NEW MILLENNIUM
1 Development in agronomic sector
2 Over-exploitation of ground-water
3 Facing the threat of rise in sea-level in the coastal areas
4 Development in the forested tracts
5 Loss of biodiversity
6 Deforestation and change in the hydrological cycle
7 Conservation oriented development projects
8 Fuel-wood trees for greening wastelands
9 Big dams
10 Forest management
REFERENCES
|
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| discipline | Geographie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
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| spelling | Meher-Homji, Vispy M. Verfasser aut Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India V. M. Meher-Homji 1. ed. Jodhpur Scientific Publ. 2001 XI, 199 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 187 - 199 Bioclimatology India Phytogeography India Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd rswk-swf Bioklimatologie (DE-588)4145609-9 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd rswk-swf Indien Indien (DE-588)4026722-2 gnd rswk-swf Indien (DE-588)4026722-2 g Bioklimatologie (DE-588)4145609-9 s DE-188 Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 s Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019942288&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Meher-Homji, Vispy M. Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India Bioclimatology India Phytogeography India Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Bioklimatologie (DE-588)4145609-9 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
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| title | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India |
| title_auth | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India |
| title_exact_search | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India |
| title_full | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India V. M. Meher-Homji |
| title_fullStr | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India V. M. Meher-Homji |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India V. M. Meher-Homji |
| title_short | Bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular India |
| title_sort | bioclimatology and plant geography of peninsular india |
| topic | Bioclimatology India Phytogeography India Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Bioklimatologie (DE-588)4145609-9 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bioclimatology India Phytogeography India Boden Bioklimatologie Pflanzengeografie Indien |
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