Genetics and the search for modern human origins:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Wiley-Liss
2001
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 252 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471384135 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Relethford, John H. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Genetics and the search for modern human origins |c John H.Relethford |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY [u.a.] |b Wiley-Liss |c 2001 | |
| 300 | |a X, 252 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1. Reflections of the Past 1
1.1 The Genetic History of the Human Species / 3
1.2 The Organization of this Book / 6
2. Evolution and Genetic History 10
2.1 The Genetic Code / 11
2.2 The Process of Inheritance / 12
2.2.1 Dominant, Recessive, and Codominant Alleles / 14
2.2.2 Inheritance of Chromosomes / 15
2.3 Measures of Genetic Variation / 15
2.3.1 Red Blood Cell Blood Polymorphisms / 16
2.3.2 DNA Markers / 17
2.3.3 Mitochondrial DNA / 19
2.3.4 The Y Chromosome / 19
2.3.5 Complex Phenotypic Traits / 20
2.4 How Does Evolution Work? / 20
2.4.1 Mutation / 21
2.4.2 Natural Selection / 22
2.4.3 Genetic Drift / 24
2.4.4 Gene Flow / 28
2.4.5 Interaction of the Evolutionary Forces / 28
2.4.6 Microevolution and Macroevolution / 29
vii
VlH CONTENTS
2.5 Genetics and History—Two Examples / 32
2.5.1 The Population History of Ireland / 32
2.5.2 The Ape-Human Split / 35
2.5.3 Different Approaches to Population History / 38
2.6 Summary / 39
3. The Modern Human Origins Debate 41
3.1 Geologic Time / 42
3.2 Early Hominid Evolution / 43
3.3 Evolution of the Genus Homo I 45
3.3.1 Early Humans—Homo erectus I 46
3.3.2 Archaic Humans / 48
3.3.3 Modern Humans / 49
3.3.4 Lumpers and Splitters / 51
3.4 Models of Modern Human Origins / 54
3.4.1 The Mode of the Transition—Replacement or Multiregional
Evolution? / 55
3.4.2 The Location and Timing of the Transition—Africa or
Worldwide? / 61
3.4.3 Evolutionary Models / 62
3.5 Summary / 66
4. In Search of Our Common Ancestor 67
4.1 Mitochondrial Eve / 68
4.1.1 Analyzing Mitochondrial DNA / 68
4.1.2 The Analyses / 75
4.1.3 The Debates—Where Did Eve Live? / 79
4.1.4 The Debates—When Did Eve Live? / 82
4.2 Coalescent Theory—When Did the Common Ancestor Live? / 83
4.2.1 Estimates of Coalescent Dates from Mitochondrial DNA / 85
4.2.2 Estimates of Coalescent Dates from Other Genes / 87
4.2.3 Coalescent Dates and Population Size / 88
4.3 Geography and Gene Trees—Where Did Our Ancestors Live? / 89
4.4 Summary / 91
4.5 Postscript / 93
J
j
CONTENTS iX
5. Genetic Diversity and Recent Human Evolution 94
5.1 Genetic Diversity and Evolution / 95
5.2 Measuring Genetic Diversity / 97
5.3 The Geographic Distribution of Human Genetic Diversity / 101
5.4 Evolutionary Interpretations of African Genetic Diversity / 104
5.4.1 A Recent African Origin of Our Species? / 104
5.4.2 Regional Variation in Population Size? / 110
5.5 Summary / 117
6. Genetic Differences Between Human Populations 119
6.1 Genetic Distance and Evolution / 119
6.2 Levels of Genetic Differentiation / 122
6.3 The Pattern of Genetic Distances Between Populations / 127
6.4 Evolutionary Interpretations / 128
6.4.1 Do the Genetic Distances Reflect Phylogenetic Branching? / 130
6.4.2 Do the Genetic Distances Reflect Differences in Gene
Flow? / 132
6.4.3 The Need to Consider Regional Differences in Population
Size / 137
6.4.4 Estimating Ancient Migration / 141
6.5 Summary / 143
7. How Many Ancestors? 145
7.1 Different Concepts of Population Size / 146
7.2 Estimating Ancient Population Size / 149
7.2.1 Ecological Estimates of Census Size / 150
7.2.2 Genetic Estimates of Species Effective Size / 151
7.3 A Pleistocene Population Explosion? / 154
7.3.1 Gene Trees and Population Expansion / 154
7.3.2 Mismatch Distributions and Frequency Spectra / 156
7.3.3 Evidence of Expansion from Microsatellite DNA / 159
7.3.4 Estimating the Time of the Expansion / 161
7.3.5 What Happened Before the Expansion? / 164
7.4 Evolutionary Interpretations / 168
7.4.1 Evidence of Speciation and Replacement? / 168
7.4.2 Extinction and Recolonization of Local Populations? / 171
7.5 Summary / 176
X CONTENTS
8. Neandertal DNA 178
8.1 Studying Ancient DNA / 178
8.2 Discovery of Neandertal DNA / 179
8.2.1 The First Neandertal DNA Sequence (Feldhofer) / 179
8.2.2 The Second Neandertal DNA Sequence (Mezmaiskaya) / 180
8.3 Evolutionary Interpretations / 181
8.3.1 Variation within Neandertals / 182
8.3.2 Were Neandertals a Separate Species? / 183
8.3.3 Regional Affinities of Neandertal DNA / 186
8.3.4 Were Neandertals a Different Subspecies? / 190
8.4 Summary / 190
8.5 Postscript / 192
9. Putting the Pieces Together 194
9.1 Summary of the Genetic Evidence / 195
9.2 The Fossil Record—A Population Geneticist s View / 197
9.2.1 The Distribution of Archaic and Modern Fossils / 198
9.2.2 Similarity of Recent Moderns to Earlier Archaics and
Moderns / 199
9.2.3 Regional Continuity / 202
9.3 Mostly Out of Africa / 205
9.4 Issues and Future Directions / 210
Chapter Notes 212
Bibliography 232
Index 246
|
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| isbn | 0471384135 |
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| spelling | Relethford, John H. Verfasser aut Genetics and the search for modern human origins John H.Relethford New York, NY [u.a.] Wiley-Liss 2001 X, 252 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019934855&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Genetics and the search for modern human origins |
| title_auth | Genetics and the search for modern human origins |
| title_exact_search | Genetics and the search for modern human origins |
| title_full | Genetics and the search for modern human origins John H.Relethford |
| title_fullStr | Genetics and the search for modern human origins John H.Relethford |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetics and the search for modern human origins John H.Relethford |
| title_short | Genetics and the search for modern human origins |
| title_sort | genetics and the search for modern human origins |
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