Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC-Press
2002
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| ISBN: | 084930167X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Roboz, John |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |c John Roboz |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC-Press |c 2002 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents
About the Author xiii
Foreword xv
Mass Spectrometry: An Oncologist s Viewpoint xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Terminology and Abbreviations 1
Chapter 1
Overview and Scope of Applications 5
1.1 The Essentials 5
1.2 Functions and Types of Instrument Components 7
1.2.1 Sample Introduction Systems 7
1.2.2 Ion Sources 9
1.2.3 Mass Analyzers 12
1.2.4 Ion Detectors 14
1.2.5 Vacuum Systems 15
1.2.6 Data Systems 15
1.3 Measures of Performance 15
1.3.1 Resolution and Resolving Power 15
1.3.2 Mass Range 16
1.3.3 Mass Accuracy 16
1.3.4 Scan Speed 16
1.3.5 Specificity, Sensitivity, and Limit of Detection 17
1.4 Information from Mass Spectra and Scope of Applications 17
Chapter 2
Instrumentation and Techniques of Mass Spectrometry 23
2.1 Ion Sources 23
2.1.1 Electron Ionization 23
2.1.2 Chemical Ionization 24
2.1.3 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization 25
2.1.4 Electrospray Ionization 26
2.1.4.1 Nano-Electrospray 29
2.1.4.2 Microfabricated, Silicone Chip-Based Electrospray Ion Sources 29
2.1.4.3 Multiplexed Electrospray 29
2.1.5 Fast Atom and Ion Bombardment 30
2.1.6 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization 31
2.1.6.1 Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization (SELDI) 33
2.1.7 Photoionization 33
2.1.7.1 Direct Laser Desorption Ionization 33
2.1.7.2 Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization 33
2.1.8 Inductively Coupled Plasma 34
2.1.9 Miscellaneous Ionization Techniques 34
2.1.9.1 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 34
2.1.9.2 Field Ionization and Field Desorption 34
2.1.9.3 Californium-252 Plasma Desorption 35
2.1.9.4 Glow Discharge 35
2.1.9.5 Spark Source 35
2.1.9.6 Thermal Ionization 36
2.2 Mass Analyzers 36
2.2.1 Time-of-Flight Analyzers 36
2.2.1.1 Orthogonal Acceleration TOF 38
2.2.1.2 Reflectrons (Ion Mirrors) 38
2.2.1.3 Delayed Extraction 39
2.2.2 Quadrupole Analyzers 39
2.2.2.1 Quadrupoles as Ion Guides 41
2.2.2.2 Hexapoles 41
2.2.3 Quadrupole Ion Traps 41
2.2.4 Magnetic Analyzers 42
2.2.4.1 Magnetic Sector and Electrostatic Analyzers 42
2.2.5 Fourier Transform Ion-Cyclotron Resonance Analyzers 44
2.2.6 Tandem Analyzers 45
2.2.6.1 Magnetic Analyzers as Components of Tandem Systems 46
2.2.6.2 Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Hybrid Analyzer 47
2.2.6.3 Hexapole-TOF Hybrid Analyzer 47
2.2.6.4 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 48
2.3 Ion Current Detectors 49
2.3.1 Single Point Ion Collectors 50
2.3.1.1 Faraday Cup Detectors 50
2.3.1.2 Secondary Electron Multipliers 50
2.3.1.3 Scintillation Counters 50
2.3.2 Multipoint (Array) Detectors 51
2.4 Interfaces for Sample Introduction 52
2.4.1 Gases and Volatile Liquids 53
2.4.1.1 Reservoir and Batch Inlets 53
2.4.1.2 Membrane Inlets 54
2.4.2 Static Direct Inlet Probes 54
2.4.3 Interfaces for Coupling with Gas Chromatographs 54
2.4.4 Interfaces for Coupling with Liquid Chromatographs 55
2.4.5 Interfaces for Coupling with Capillary Electrophoresis Systems 56
2.4.6 High Throughput Inlets and Microfabricated Fluidic Systems 58
2.5 Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) 59
2.5.1 Ion Activation Methods 59
2.5.1.1 Metastable Ions 60
2.5.1.2 Collision-Induced Dissociation 60
2.5.1.3 Electron-Capture Dissociation 60
2.5.1.4 Photodissociation and Surface-Induced Dissociation 60
2.5.1.5 In-Source Fragmentation 61
2.5.2 Tandem-in-Space (Transmission) Techniques 61
2.5.2.1 Product-Ion Scanning Mode 62
2.5.2.2 Precursor Scanning Mode 62
2.5.2.3 Constant Neutral Loss Scanning Mode 62
2.5.2.4 Selected Reaction Monitoring 62
2.5.2.5 Post-Source Decay 62
2.5.3 Tandem-in-Time (Trapped-Ion) Techniques 63
2.6 Identification and Quantification 63
2.6.1 Mass Spectral Libraries and Bioinformatics 63
2.6.2 Accurate Mass Measurement 64
2.6.3 Selected Ion and Reaction Monitoring 65
2.6.3.1 Selected Ion Monitoring 65
2.6.3.2 Selected Reaction Monitoring 67
2.6.4 Stable Isotope Dilution 67
2.7 Resources 69
Chapter 3
Relevant Concepts of Cancer Medicine and Biology 81
3.1 Classification and Epidemiology 81
3.1.1 Solid Tumors 81
3.1.2 Hematologic Malignancies 82
3.1.3 Incidence and Distribution of Cancers 82
3.1.4 Risk Factors 83
3.2 Cellular Proliferation and Communication 85
3.2.1 Growth Patterns 85
3.2.2 Cell Cycle 86
3.2.3 Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction 89
3.3 Genetic Abnormalities in Cancer 90
3.3.1 Cancer as a Genetic Disorder of Somatic Cells 90
3.3.2 Mutation 90
3.3.3 Oncogenes 91
3.3.4 Tumor Suppressor Genes 94
3.3.5 Carcinogenesis Requires an Accumulation of Mutations 94
3.4 Tumor Immunology 95
3.4.1 Hematopoiesis 95
3.4.2 Antigens and Antibodies 96
3.4.3 Types of Immune Response 97
3.5 Diagnosis and Treatment 98
3.5.1 Clinical Presentation 98
3.5.2 Diagnostic Workup 98
3.5.3 Treatment Modalities 100
3.5.4 Functional Status, Complications, and Causes of Death 101
3.6 Some Pertinent Experimental Methods 101
3.6.1 DNA and RNA Analysis 101
3.6.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction 102
3.6.3 Determination of Clonality 102
3.6.4 Cell Cultures 103
3.6.5 Experimental Mouse Models 104
Recommended Books ^
Chapter 4
Metabolism and Biomarkers of Carcinogens 107
4.1 Classification, Mechanism of Action, and Biomarkers 107
4.1.1 Classification and Risk Assessment 107
4.1.1.1 Risk Assessment 108
4.1.2 Metabolism, Enzymatic Activation, and Mechanism of Action 109
4.1.2.1 Absorption, Distribution, and Storage 109
4.1.2.2 Key Steps in Chemical Carcinogenesis Ill
4.1.2.3 Functions of Phase I and II Enzymes 112
4.1.3 Methodologies for Biomarkers 113
4.1.3.1 DNAAdducts 113
4.1.3.2 Hemoglobin Adducts 116
4.2 Occupational Carcinogens 117
4.2.1 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 117
4.2.1.1 Benzene 117
4.2.1.2 Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coke
Workers 122
4.2.1.3 Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust 125
4.2.2 Aromatic Amines 125
4.2.2.1 Benzidine 125
4.2.2.2 Miscellaneous 127
4.2.3 Plastic Monomers 128
4.2.3.1 Acrylonitrile 128
4.2.3.2 Ethylene and Propylene Oxides 129
4.2.3.3 Vinyl Chloride 131
4.2.3.4 Butadiene 132
4.2.3.5 Styrene and Styrene Oxide 133
4.2.4 Exposure by Health Care Personnel to Cytotoxic Drugs 134
4.3 Environmental Carcinogens 137
4.3.1 Tobacco 137
4.3.1.1 Quantification of Nicotine and Its Metabolites 137
4.3.1.2 Benzene and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 142
4.3.1.3 4-Aminobiphenyl 143
4.3.1.4 Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines 146
4.3.2 Air 152
4.3.2.1 Gasoline and Diesel Fuels 152
4.3.2.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 155
4.3.2.3 Monitoring Miscellaneous Complex Mixtures 156
4.3.3 Food 158
4.3.3.1 Aflatoxins 158
4.3.3.2 Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines 161
4.3.3.3 Nitrosamines 168
4.3.3.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 170
4.3.3.5 Dioxins and Pesticides 170
4.3.4 Water and Soil 171
4.3.4.1 Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry 171
4.3.4.2 Carcinogen Identification in Well Water by High-Resolution MS 172
4.3.4.3 Vinyl Chloride Monomer in Drinking Water 173
4.3.4.4 Phenolic Xenoestrogens in Water 174
4.3.4.5 Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines in the Danube River 174
4.3.4.6 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils 174
4.3.4.7 Composted Municipal Sludge and Compost-Amended Soil 176
4.3.5 Helicobacter Pylori 176
4.3.6 Elements 177
4.3.6.1 Arsenic 177
4.3.6.2 Selenium 178
4.3.6.3 Chromium 179
4.4 DNA Damage by Radiation and Oxidation 179
References 180
Chapter 5
Mechanism of Action and Metabolism of Antineoplastic and Chemopreventive Agents.... 201
5.1 Cytotoxic Therapy 201
5.1.1 Basic Principles 201
5.1.1.1 Cell Kill Hypothesis, Classification, and Mechanisms of Action 201
5.1.1.2 Toxicity, Resistance, and Combination Chemotherapy 204
5.1.1.3 Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical Trials 206
5.1.2 Alkylating Agents 211
5.1.2.1 Mechanism of Action 211
5.1.2.2 Nitrogen Mustards 211
5.1.2.3 Alkyl Sulfonates 224
5.1.2.4 Nitrosoureas 227
5.1.2.5 Nonclassic Alkylating Agents 228
5.1.2.6 Platinum Compounds 229
5.1.3 Topoisomerase Inhibitors 237
5.1.3.1 Topoisomerase I Inhibitors 238
5.1.3.2 Topoisomerase II Inhibitors 243
5.1.4 Antimicrotubule Agents 254
5.1.4.1 Microtubules and Tubulins 254
5.1.4.2 Vinca Alkaloids 256
5.1.4.3 Taxanes 258
5.1.4.4 Miscellaneous 263
5.1.5 Antimetabolites 265
5.1.5.1 Purine and Pyrimidine Analogs 265
5.1.5.2 Antifolates 268
5.1.6 Opportunistic Fungal Infections 271
5.2 Endocrine Therapy 271
5.2.1 Mechanism of Action 271
5.2.2 Aromatase Inhibitors 273
5.2.2.1 Structure and Function 273
5.2.2.2 Nonsteroidal Inhibitors 273
5.2.2.3 Steroidal Inhibitors 275
5.2.2.4 Aromatase Inhibitory Activity of Androgens 277
5.2.3 Antiestrogens 278
5.2.3.1 Tamoxifen 278
5.2.3.2 Toremifene 288
5.3 Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapy 289
5.3.1 Drugs Conjugated to Proteins, Antibodies, or Lipids 289
5.3.2 Angiogenesis Inhibitors 290
5.3.3 Antisense Oligonucleotides 299
5.3.4 Ras Oncoprotein Inhibitors 301
5.3.5 Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy 302
5.3.6 Miscellaneous Strategies for Targeting 302
5.3.6.1 Photodynamic Therapy 302
5.3.6.2 Differentiating Agents 304
5.3.6.3 Arsenic Trioxide 304
5.4 Nutritional and Chemical Prevention 305
5.4.1 Objectives and Classifications 305
5.4.2 Phytoestrogens 307
5.4.2.1 Multicomponent Analysis in Food 308
5.4.2.2 Multicomponent Analysis in Body Fluids 312
5.4.2.3 Metabolism and Antineoplastic Effects 316
5.4.3 Flavan-3-ols (Catechins) 321
5.4.3.1 Tea 321
5.4.3.2 Wine 321
5.4.4 Terpenes and Ginsenosides 322
5.4.4.1 Metabolism of d-Limonene 322
5.4.4.2 Ginsenosides 325
5.4.4.3 Carotenoids 325
5.4.5 Sulfur-Containing Compounds 327
5.4.5.1 Isothiocyanates 327
5.4.5.2 Garlic 329
5.4.5.3 Oltipraz and N-acetylcysteine 330
5.4.6 Retinoids, Vitamins, and Selenium 331
5.4.6.1 Retinoids 331
5.4.6.2 Vitamin E 332
5.4.6.3 Selenium 332
References 333
Chapter 6
Strategies, Techniques, and Applications in Cancer Biochemistry and Biology 361
6.1 Proteins and Peptides 361
6.1.1 Proteome Technology 361
6.1.1.1 Proteomics and Strategies of Proteome Analysis 361
6.1.1.2 Protein Isolation, Digestion, and Delivery into the Ion Source,
Instrumentation 365
6.1.1.3 Sequencing by Edman Degradation 369
6.1.1.4 Mass Spectrometric Peptide Mapping 370
6.1.1.5 Peptide Ladder Sequencing 371
6.1.1.6 Sequencing by Tandem Mass Spectrometry 372
6.1.1.7 Protein Identification by Database Searches 377
6.1.1.8 Mass Measurement of Intact Proteins 381
6.1.1.9 Quantification 383
6.1.2 Posttranslational Modifications 385
6.1.2.1 Phosphorylation 387
6.1.2.2 Selected Other Posttranslational Modifications 395
6.1.3 Miscellaneous Proteins 398
6.1.3.1 Enzymes 398
6.1.3.2 Antigens 402
6.1.3.3 Non-Glycosylated Cytokines 403
6.1.4 Tumor-Associated Proteins 407
6.1.4.1 Tumor Proteomics 407
6.1.4.2 Hematologic Malignancies 409
6.1.4.3 Gynecologic Malignancies 418
6.1.4.4 Genitourinary Malignancies 424
6.1.4.5 Gastrointestinal Malignancies 428
6.1.4.6 Other Cancers 434
6.1.5 Peptides and Class I Major Histocompatibility Complexes 437
6.1.5.1 Class I MHC Molecules 437
6.1.5.2 Strategies and Techniques 440
6.1.5.3 Peptide Antigens in Malignancies 442
6.1.6 Noncovalent Interactions and Protein Folding 449
6.1.6.1 Protein-Ligand Interactions 449
6.1.6.2 Protein-Protein Interactions 450
6.1.6.3 Protein-DNA Interactions 453
6.1.6.4 Protein Conformation and Folding 455
6.2 Lipids 460
6.2.1 Ceramides 462
6.2.2 Eicosanoids 468
6.2.3 Lysophospholipids 470
6.2.4 Platelet-Activating Factor 471
6.3 Oligonucleotides and Nucleic Acids 472
6.3.1 Mass Spectra 472
6.3.1.1 Nomenclature of Fragmentation 472
6.3.1.2 Electrospray Ionization 473
6.3.1.3 MALDI-TOFMS 474
6.3.1.4 High-Resolution MALDI-FTICRMS 474
6.3.1.5 Analysis of Large Nucleic Acids 475
6.3.2 Techniques and Strategies 475
6.3.2.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction 475
6.3.2.2 Differential Sequencing 476
6.3.2.3 Mass Spectrometric Methods for Genotyping 476
6.3.2.4 Detection of Mutation 480
6.3.3 DNA Sequencing and Genetic Diagnosis 480
6.3.3.1 Sequencing Exons of the p53 Gene 480
6.3.3.2 Identifying Microsatellite Alleles 481
6.3.3.3 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 482
6.3.3.4 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A 483
6.3.3.5 Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA1 485
6.4 Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates 486
6.4.1 Carbohydrates 486
6.4.1.1 Nomenclature and Techniques for Collision-Induced Dissociation 486
6.4.1.2 Sialic Acids 488
6.4.1.3 Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans 488
6.4.2 Glycosylation 489
6.4.3 Glycoproteins 491
6.4.3.1 Mucins 492
6.4.3.2 Antigens 499
6.4.3.3 Miscellaneous Glycoproteins 503
6.4.4 Glycolipids (Gangliosides) in Various Malignancies 509
Recommended Books 518
References 518
Index 545
|
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| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
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| spelling | Roboz, John Verfasser aut Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research John Roboz Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC-Press 2002 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019901782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Roboz, John Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |
| title | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |
| title_auth | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |
| title_exact_search | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |
| title_full | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research John Roboz |
| title_fullStr | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research John Roboz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research John Roboz |
| title_short | Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research |
| title_sort | mass spectrometry in cancer research |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019901782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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