The world food problem: tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Boulder
1999
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 410 S. |
| ISBN: | 1555877036 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804142178758295552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ? Contents
Foreword, John W. Mellor ix
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
Hunger Kills, 1
Factors Influencing Food Supply and Demand in the Future, 6
The Main Nutrition Policy Alternatives, 7
A Nutrition Policy Dilemma, 9
¦ PARTI MALNUTRITION: WHAT ARE THE FACTS?
2 Malnutrition Defined 15
Four Types of Malnutrition, 15
Calories and Protein, 18
How Much of a Nutrient Is Enough? 29
3 Impacts of Undernutrition 33
Reference Groups, 33
Effects of Undernutrition on Physical Growth and Size, 38
Undernutrition, Menstruation, and Breast-feeding, 45
Undernutrition and Child Health, 47
Effects of Undernutrition on Intellect, Education, and Learning, 52
Effects of Undernutrition on Labor Productivity, 54
4 Measuring Undernutrition
Measuring Nutritional Status of the Individual, 57
Measuring Nutritional Status in the Aggregate, 66
v
vi Contents
5 Undernutrition: Who, Where, When? 75
Global Trends in Long-Term Perspective, 75
The Seasonality of Undernutrition, 83
Who Is Undernourished? 84
U PART 2 CAUSES OF UNDERNUTRITION
6 The Concept of Food Security 95
The Food Security Equation, 96
Importance of the Food Security Equation, 99
1 It Is Not Food Versus Population 101
Thomas Malthus, 101
The Demographic Transition, 102
Projections of Future World Population, 109
Current Trends in per Capita Food Production, 112
8 Purchasing Power: Income and the Price of Food 117
Who Are the Poor? 117
The Importance of Elasticity, 118
Types of Elasticity, 119
Elasticities, Nutrition Economics, and Public Policy, 132
9 Undernutrition and the Distribution of Income,
Wealth, and Education 141
Income Distribution and Food Consumption, 141
Comparing Average Incomes in Different Countries, 144
Measuring Income Distribution Within a Country, 148
Factors Influencing Income Distribution, 155
The Impact of Distribution on the Pace of Development, 165
The Redistribution/Incentive Paradox Reconsidered, 165
10 Demographic Factors Influencing Demand for Food 167
Population Characteristics and Demand for Food, 167
Per Capita Income and Demand for Food, 174
Dietary Diversification and Demand for Food, 176
Total Impact of Demographic Changes on Food Demand:
Alternative Scenarios, 178
11 Agricultural Land, Water, and Yields 183
The Basic Equation of Food Supply, 183
Available Land, 184
The Importance of Water, 186
Yields and Input Use: Purchased Inputs, 188
Contents vii
Population, Labor, and Agricultural Productivity, 191
Yields and Technology, 196
Post-Production Food Losses, 209
12 Agricultural Production and the Environment 211
Agricultural Production and the Local Environment, 211
Agricultural Production and the Global Environment, 216
13 Health-Related Causes of Undernutrition 221
The Synergisms Between Nutrition and Health, 221
Infection Exacerbates Malnutrition, 222
Malnutrition Exacerbates Infection, 228
¦ PART 3 POLICY APPROACHES TO UNDERNUTRITION
14 Philosophical Approaches to Undernutrition 233
From the Standpoint of a Moral Philosopher, 233
From the Standpoint of an Economist, 237
Five Worldviews on the World Food Problem, 241
15 Policies Aimed at Health-Related Causes of Undernutrition 247
The Economic Efficiency of Public Health Programs, 247
Subsidizing Maternal and Child Health Services, 250
Public Health Measures to Interrupt the Transmission of Diarrhea, 251
16 Policies Aimed at Demographic Causes of Undernutrition 257
Ongoing Reasons for the Fall in Fertility Rates, 258
Public Measures to Accelerate the Demographic Transition, 261
The Complementarity of Fertility Reduction Policies, 268
17 Policies Aimed at Reducing Inequalities and
Raising the Income of the Poor 269
Land Reform, 270
Progressive Taxation, 276
Minimum-Wage Laws, 277
Economic Growth, 277
Human Capital-intensive Programs for Reducing Inequality, 281
18 Policies Aimed at Lowering the Price of Food Through
Subsidized Consumption 283
Rationale for Explicit Food Subsidies, 284
Marketwide Explicit Subsidies, 285
Subsidies Targeted to the Chronically Needy, 289
viii Contents
Food Aid and the Costs of Explicit Food Subsidies, 293
Effects of Explicit Food Subsidies, 295
Famine and Disaster Relief, 296
19 Policies That Lower the Prices Paid to Farmers:
Implicit Subsidies and the Costs of Urban Bias 303
Implicit Subsidies to Consumers/Implicit Taxes on Farmers, 304
Farm Taxation Versus Implicit Food Subsidies, 314
The Costs of Urban Bias, 316
20 Policies Aimed at Lowering the Price of Food
by Increasing the Supply 319
Subsidizing Prices of Farm Output, 320
Subsidies for Purchased Inputs, 323
Credit Subsidies, 327
Policies to Encourage Investment: Rural Infrastructure
and Price Stability, 331
Policies to Promote Technological Improvement, 336
Policies to Promote Sustainable Farming Methods, 343
21 Policy Concepts and Policymaking 345
Policy Objectives and Policy Instruments, 345
Types of Public Policy Instruments, 347
Policy Conflicts and Policy Dilemmas, 350
Modes of Policy Formulation, 351
An Action Framework for Policy Reform, 359
22 World Food Supply and Demand for the Next Half Century:
Some Alternative Scenarios 363
Two Views of the Future, 364
Predicting the Future: Principles for Scenario Building, 365
Appendix: Mathematics Used in Making Projections, 372
References 377
Index 403
About the Book 411
|
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| spelling | Foster, Phillips Verfasser aut The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World Phillips Foster ; Howard D. Leathers 2. ed. London Boulder 1999 XV, 410 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ernährungslage (DE-588)4152822-0 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungskrise (DE-588)4152821-9 gnd rswk-swf Unterentwicklung (DE-588)4061896-1 gnd rswk-swf Unterernährung (DE-588)4138144-0 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g Unterernährung (DE-588)4138144-0 s Ernährungskrise (DE-588)4152821-9 s 1\p DE-604 Ernährungslage (DE-588)4152822-0 s 2\p DE-604 Unterentwicklung (DE-588)4061896-1 s 3\p DE-604 Leathers, Howard D. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019780798&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Foster, Phillips Leathers, Howard D. The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World Ernährungslage (DE-588)4152822-0 gnd Ernährungskrise (DE-588)4152821-9 gnd Unterentwicklung (DE-588)4061896-1 gnd Unterernährung (DE-588)4138144-0 gnd |
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| title | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World |
| title_auth | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World |
| title_exact_search | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World |
| title_full | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World Phillips Foster ; Howard D. Leathers |
| title_fullStr | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World Phillips Foster ; Howard D. Leathers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World Phillips Foster ; Howard D. Leathers |
| title_short | The world food problem |
| title_sort | the world food problem tackling the causes of undernutrition in the third world |
| title_sub | tackling the causes of undernutrition in the Third World |
| topic | Ernährungslage (DE-588)4152822-0 gnd Ernährungskrise (DE-588)4152821-9 gnd Unterentwicklung (DE-588)4061896-1 gnd Unterernährung (DE-588)4138144-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ernährungslage Ernährungskrise Unterentwicklung Unterernährung Entwicklungsländer |
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