Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time
27 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Bibliography S. 636 - 674 |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 704 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521343437 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940
Autor: Szreter, Simon
Jahr: 1996
Contents
List of figures page xiii
List of tables xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of abbreviations xix
Introduction 1
Part I Historiographical introduction: a genealogy of
approaches 7
1 The construction and the study of the fertility decline in
Britain: social science and history 9
Fertility decline as a national, unitary phenomenon: the interwar
intellectual inheritance 9
The postwar studv of fertility behaviour within the social sciences 21
Historical studies of falling fertility in modern Britain 45
Prognosis 65
Part II The professional model of social classes:
an intellectual history 67
Prologue: the fertility census of 1911 and the professional
model of social classes 69
2 Social classification of occupations and the GRO in the
nineteenth century 76
The GRO s nineteenth-centurv social classification of occupations 76
The public health programme of the GRO 85
Contents
The GRO in adversity, 1880-1900 93
Liberal economic and social science, 1870-1900: the evolutionary
perspective It)
The battle for control of the census 114
Conclusion: the professional model, occupation and skill 120
129
3 Social classification and nineteenth-century naturalistic social
science
Introduction 129
The British Association Anthropometric Committee, 1875-83 132
Ideological origins of Galton s professional model: the aristocratic
liberal meritocracy 148
Galton s Great Chain 165
Naturalistic social science, liberalism and social policy at the turn of
the century 1 3
Summary: the professional model of social evolution 180
4 The emergence of a social explanation of class inequalities
among environmentalists, 1901-1904 182
Introduction: the National Efficiency crisis 182
The silent revolution in nineteenth-century government: the public
service professions and local government 190
The influence of local government experience in the public health field 197
The environmentalist response to hereditarian eugenics 203
The environmentalist understanding of social classes 207
The environmentalist scientific alternative to the hereditarians 218
Conclusion: the scientific and social emancipation of medical
environmentalism 229
5 The emergence of the professional model as the official system
of social classification, 1905-1928 238
Infant mortality: the focus of scientific debate 238
The role of the GRO in the battle for social welfare legislation 246
Differential fertility and the social classification of occupations 254
The theory of diffusion and the professional model of social classes 262
The place of the GRCs professional model within British social science
and social thought 271
Methodological conclusions: the professional model and falling fertility 280
Part III A new analysis of the 1911 census occupational
fertility data 283
6 A test of the coherence of the professional model of
class-differential fertility decline 285
Introduction 285
The occupational fertility tables from the 1911 census 287
Contents xi
The occupations of the 1911 census Fertility of Marriage Report 290
The possible fertility-longevity association 293
Examination of the professional model of class-differential fertility
decline 296
Conclusion 305
7 Multiple fertility declines in Britain: occupational variation in
completed fertility and nuptiality 310
Introduction: an alternative grouping of occupations according to
fertility behaviour 310
Variation in composition of occupations by employment status 322
Variance in fertility control within occupations 330
Occupational differences in nuptiality 335
Segregation of the sexes at work - and in the home? 350
Conclusions: multiple fertility declines 360
8 How was fertility controlled? The spacing versus stopping
debate and the culture of abstinence 367
The spacing versus stopping debate 367
The incomplete and completed fertility of occupations compared 371
Spacing, stopping and the occupational evidence of incomplete fertility 377
The timing of marriage and the regulation of fertility, 1901-11 382
The continuing significance of late marriage: a culture of sexual
abstinence 389
A re-examination of the historical evidence for and against the practice
of attempted abstinence in Britain before 1940 398
An evaluation of the incidence of abortion in Britain before 1940 424
Conclusion: a variety of methods within a culture of abstinence 432
Part IV Conceptions and refutations 441
9 A general approach to fertility change and the history of
falling fertilities in England and Wales 443
The perceived relative costs of childrearing: a general heuristic
framework for studying fertility change 443
The general framework and falling fertilities: childrearing, gendered
roles and identities 447
The historical causes of falling fertility and nuptiality variation within
the upper- and middle-class milieu 465
The gendered, patriarchal labour market and the working-class family 481
Fertility and nuptiality variation between the communities of the
working classes 488
Fertility and married female employment 503
The state, the community and normative change in childhood
dependency and fertility 513
Conclusions 325
Contents
10 Social class, communities, gender and nationalism in the study
of fertility change 533
A new conception of fertility change in modern Britain: multiple
fertility declines and a developmental sequence 534
A new conception of the relation between fertility and social class:
languages, social identities and communication communities 546
Birth control, sexual and gender relations: a reappraisal of the role of
the feminist movement 558
Some possibilities for future research on changing fertility and
nuptiality in England and Wales 579
History and policy implications 584
Social science and history 593
Appendices 603
A Copy of 1911 census household schedule 604
B Copy of sample pages from 1911 census Fertility of Marriage
Report, Part 2, Tables 30 and 35 (respectively, the tabulations
for incomplete and completed fertility for male occupations) 606
C Male occupations rank ordered by completed fertility index,
AM2/81-5 608
D Male occupations: Industrial Orders and employment status
variables 614
E Male occupations rank ordered by incomplete fertility index,
AM2/01-5 620
F Male occupations rank ordered by AM25PC20 (the extent to
which older-marrying couples restrict fertility more than
younger-marrying couples) 626
G Female occupations rank ordered by incomplete fertility index,
AM2/01-5 632
H Estimate of the scale of effect of differing infant mortality
levels on reported fertility after 7.5 years of marriage 634
Bibliography 636
Index 675
Figures
1.1 Age-specific fertility rates when marital fertility is natural for
four mean ages at marriage page 26
3.1 Reproduction of Table III from British Association
Anthropometric Committee Report of 1880 139
3.2 Reproduction of Table IV from British Association
Anthropometric Committee Report of 1880 147
6.1 Representation of the information presented in Table 35 of the
Fertility of Marriage Report, Part 2 288
6.2 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels (N = 195):
by AM 1/71-80 300
6.3 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels (N = 195):
by AM2/81-5 300
6.4 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels ( = 195):
by AM3/86-90 300
6.5 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels (five
classes only, N = 176): by AMI /71-80 300
6.6 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels (five
classes only, N = 176): by AM2/81-5 301
6.7 Frequency distribution of occupational fertility levels (five
classes only, N = 176): by AM3/86-90 301
7.1 Summary of occupational patterns of completed fertility (as
measured by AV12/81-5), showing relative sizes of groupings
of occupations as sources of male employment in 1911 312
7.2 Frequency cross-tabulation plot of the relationship between
delayed marriage (PRUDMARR) and completed fertility : by
AMI/71-80 339
7.3 Frequency cross-tabulation plot of the relationship between
delayed marriage (PRUDMARR) and completed fertility: by
AM2/81-5 339
xiv Figures
7.4 Frequency cross-tabulation plot of the relationship between
delayed marriage (PRUDMARR) and completed fertility: by
AM3/86-90 340
7.5 Principal components (factor analysis) for four demographic
indices: AMI/71-80; AM2/81-5; AM3/86-90; PRUDMARR 341
Tables
6.1 Predicted versus actual class composition of occupational
rankings: predicted by the professional class model page 301
6.2 Predicted versus actual class composition of occupational
rankings: completely random distribution 302
6.3 Predicted versus actual class composition of occupational
rankings: actual composition by AMI/71-80 302
6.4 Predicted versus actual class composition of occupational
rankings: actual composition by AM2/81-5 303
6.5 Predicted versus actual class composition of occupational
rankings: actual composition by AM3/86-90 303
6.6 Predicted class sizes and actual class composition, showing
percentage of enumerated couples misclassified on a
quantitative basis (by AM2/81-5) 304
7.1 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between fertility level
indices 313
7.2 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between employment
status and fertility level indices 326
7.3 Occupations displaying internal variance in their fertility levels
according to wife s age at marriage 331
7.4 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between prudential
marriage and fertility level indices 337
7.5 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between prudential
marriage and fertility level indices: quintile groupings of
occupations ordered by AM2/81-5 338
7.6 Variation in proportions marrying younger and older wives
among occupations with low completed fertility 344
7-7 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between prudential
marriage and employment status 348
xvi Tables
7.8 Gross sex ratios of employment in selected Industrial Orders
and some occupations 352
8.1 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between completed and
incomplete fertility level indices 373
8.2 Occupations differing by at least thirty rank positions
according to completed and incomplete fertility level indices 374
8.3 Spearman R2 correlation coefficients between occupational age
at marriage and fertility indices, 1901-5; and comparison with
1880s 383
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| spelling | Szreter, Simon 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)132359979 aut Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 Simon Szreter 1. publ. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press 1996 XVIII, 704 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 27 Bibliography S. 636 - 674 Geschichte 1860-1940 gnd rswk-swf Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd rswk-swf Geburtenziffer (DE-588)4156178-8 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 s Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 s Geschichte 1860-1940 z DE-604 Geburtenziffer (DE-588)4156178-8 s Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time 27 (DE-604)BV000013825 27 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019758104&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Szreter, Simon 1957- Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 Cambridge studies in population, economy, and society in past time Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd Geburtenziffer (DE-588)4156178-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129300-9 (DE-588)4077574-4 (DE-588)4156178-8 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 |
| title_auth | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 |
| title_exact_search | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 |
| title_full | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 Simon Szreter |
| title_fullStr | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 Simon Szreter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 Simon Szreter |
| title_short | Fertility, class and gender in Britain, 1860 - 1940 |
| title_sort | fertility class and gender in britain 1860 1940 |
| topic | Bevölkerungswachstum (DE-588)4129300-9 gnd Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd Geburtenziffer (DE-588)4156178-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bevölkerungswachstum Soziale Schichtung Geburtenziffer Großbritannien |
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