Occupational health and safety in construction project management:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London <<[u.a.]>>
Spon
2005
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 440 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0419262105 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV024612650 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20090910 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 090924s2005 d||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0419262105 |9 0-419-26210-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)249677310 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV024612650 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-83 | ||
| 082 | 0 | |a 690.22 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Lingard, Helen |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Occupational health and safety in construction project management |c Helen Lingard and Steve Rowlinson |
| 264 | 1 | |a London <<[u.a.]>> |b Spon |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 440 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Rowlinson, Steve |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018585234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018585234 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140630019932160 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Introduction 1
Occupational health and safety in the construction industry 1
Construction as a process S
Autonomous working and the subcontracting system 6
The role of client and designer in safety 7
Designing safety and health into the process 7
Codes of practice and standards 8
Falls 8
Mechanical equipment 9
Power tools 9
Hand tools 10
Temporary works 11
Manual handling risks on construction sites 12
Method statements 12
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders 13
Hazardous chemicals 14
Noise exposure 14
Barriers to improvement 15
Traditional separation of design and construction 16
Competitive tendering 17
The plethora of small businesses 18
Subcontracting 19
Emphasis on contractual relationships 19
Stimuli for change 20
Safety as a social and moral responsibility 20
Theories of accident causation 21
Blaming the worker or the system? 21
Heinrich s domino theory 22
vi Contents An updated domino sequence 23
Multiple causation models 24
The epidemiological approach 24
Psychological models 26
Energy-damage models 28
The socio-technical systems approach 28
Causal factors in construction incidents 30
OHS as a management responsibility 31
Mapping the way 32
Discussion and review questions 34
2 Occupational health and safety law 35
Introduction 35
Sources of law 36
Preventive OHS legislation 36
Early OHS legislation 37
Specification standards 37
Unsuitability for certain types of risk 37
Little incentive to improve beyond minimum standard 38
Lacking in flexibility 38
The need for reform 39
The Robens Report 39
Legislative reform 40
General duties provisions 40
Principle-based standards 41
Qualifying terms 42
Consultation 42
OHS committees 43
Employee OHS representatives 43
Emphasis on non-statutory codes of practice 44
Robens in construction 45
Structure of the industry 46
Need for prescription 47
Employee representation 48
Contractors and contingent workers 49
Contractors and subcontractors 49
Non-employees 52
Criticisms of Robens 53
Effective OHS legislation 55
Process-based standards 57
Process requirements in construction 58
OHS responsibilities in the construction supply chain 59
Designers OHS obligations 60
Contents vii
Effect of the CDM Regulations 62
Alternative regulatory models 64
Enforcement and sanctions 65
Enforcement strategies 65
On-the-spot fines 69
The criminal law 71
The mental element 71
Establishing corporate guilt 72
Establishing individual guilt 74
Alternative models for attributing corporate guilt 74
The investigation process 76
Sanctions for corporate crime 77
Employees compensation 79
Common law actions 79
Statutory no-fault compensation schemes 82
The concept of work-relatedness 83
Workers compensation and injury/illness prevention 85
Class ratings 86
Experience rating 86
Bonus and penalty schemes 86
Upfront discounts 86
Occupational rehabilitation 87
Rehabilitation in construction 91
Conclusions 95
Discussion and review questions 97
3 Organisational issues 98
Introduction 98
Organisation theory: Management and organisation 98
Roles and relationships of the parties 99
Regulatory and legislative initiatives 100
Influence of procurement strategy on OHS 101
Procurement systems: An overview 102
Procurement - theoretical foundations 103
Definitions 108
Contract strategy: Procurement systems 109
Traditional 111
Design-build 113
Divided-contract approach 117
Contract strategy variables 120
Organisation form 121
Payment methods 121
Overlap of project phases 122
viii Contents Tendering and selection process 122
Source of project finance 123
Contract documents 124
Leadership 124
Authority and responsibility 125
Supervision on site 125
Performance 127
Construction industry issues 128
Managing contractors and subcontractors 128
Discipline and powerlessness 130
Other subcontracting issues 130
Partnering 131
Term contracts, maintenance and facilities
management 132
Lean construction and OHS 132
Summary 134
Discussion and review questions 135
4 Systems management of OHS 136
Introduction 136
OHS management 137
OHS policy 137
Organising 138
Consultation 139
Communicating OHS information 140
OHS competencies 143
Training needs analysis 144
Training design and delivery 146
Training evaluation 149
Training transfer 149
Planning and implementing 151
Multi-level OHS planning 152
Job safety analysis 153
Resourcing 154
Measuring and monitoring performance 156
Workplace inspections 158
Auditing and reviewing 160
Incident management 162
First priority 163
Incident reporting 163
Incident investigation 163
Emergency planning 168
Crisis management 169
Contents ix
Crisis management process 171
Crisis management planning 172
Handling the media 173
Post-crisis review 174
Management influence on OHS 177
Benchmarking OHS 179
Learning from quality management systems 180
Conclusions 181
Discussion and review questions 182
5 Managing OHS risk 183
Introduction 183
The management of risk 184
Loss control theory 185
The costs of OHS 189
An economic approach to OHS risk management 190
The risk management process 192
Stage 1: Analyse the business environment 196
Stage 2: Identify risks 197
Brainstorming 198
Zonal analysis 198
Accident databases 199
Stage 3: Assess risks 199
Qualitative risk assessment 199
Semi-quantitative risk assessment 200
Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) 201
Stage 4: Evaluate risks 203
Stage 5: Control risks 203
Assessing risk control options 204
Stage 6: Reviewing and monitoring risks after controls
have been implemented 207
Communicating and consulting 207
The technical approach to risk 208
Probability and risk 208
Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) 209
Fault tree analysis 209
Event tree analysis 211
Failure modes and effects analysis 211
Example FMEA for a concrete slab 212
Hazard and operability studies (HAZOPs) 214
HAZOP studies in construction design 214
Human reliability assessment (HRA) 215
Objective versus subjective risk 216
x Contents
Psychological approaches to risk 219
Sociological approaches to risk 222
The need for a multi-disciplinary approach to risk 224
Risk communication 224
Risk compensation 226
Conclusions 227
Discussion and review questions 228
6 Ergonomics in construction 229
Ergonomics 229
Construction work 229
Legislation relevant to ergonomic issues 233
Manual handling 233
Occupational Overuse Syndrome 235
Ergonomic risks in construction 236
Frequency with which a task is performed
(or repetition) 236
The amount of physical force that is used 237
Lifting or moving heavy loads (manual handling) 237
Prolonged static muscular tension 238
Working posture and position 238
Vibration from tools or machinery 239
Working overhead or at extreme ranges of
movement 239
Summary of ergonomic risks in construction 240
Workplace planning and organisation 241
Psychosocial factors 241
Environmental factors 241
Specific ergonomic risks for construction trade groups 242
Job and task analysis 244
Task analysis 244
Techniques for assessing ergonomic risk 247
Analysing workplace injury records 247
Consultation with employees 247
Direct observation 248
Managing ergonomic risk 250
Hierarchy of risk control options 250
Administrative and personal protective equipment
risk controls for manual handling 252
Job rotation 253
Ergonomic risk control in construction trades 253
Conclusion 262
Discussion and review questions 263
Contents xi
7 The psychology of OHS 264
Human error 265
Skill-based errors 266
Rule-based mistakes 267
Knowledge-based mistakes 267
Latent and active failures 268
Making sense of errors 268
Human error and ergonomics 2 70
Display equipment 270
Controls 271
Violations 272
Risk cognition 273
Sources of bias in OHS risk perception 273
Personality and OHS 275
Personality and accidents 276
Accident proneness 277
Personality and health 278
Stress and personality 278
Hardiness 279
Locus of control 279
Type-A personality 280
Negative affectivity 280
Implications of personality for prevention 281
The role of attitudes in OHS 282
What is an attitude? 282
Attitudes and behaviour 283
Theory of reasoned action 285
The role of behavioural control 287
Changing attitudes 289
Audience 289
Persuader 289
Personality factors 289
Presentation of issues 290
Persistence of change 290
First-aid training and OHS 290
OHS motivation 296
What is motivation? 296
Theories of motivation 298
Maslow s hierarchy of needs 298
Herzberg s two-factor theory 298
Vroom s expectancy theory 300
Eliciting behaviour change 302
Group influences on OHS 304
xii Contents __ Stages in group development 305
Group norms 305
Group cohesiveness 306
Intra-group dynamics 307
Groupthink 308
The work environment 310
Conclusions 312
Discussion and review questions 313
8 Behavioural safety management 314
To err is human, or why we behave unsafely 314
Old style of health and safety management 315
New style of health and safety management 316
The behavioural approach to OHS 317
Why focus on unsafe behaviour? 317
How does the behavioural approach work? 319
Benefits and problems 323
Implementing the behavioural approach 324
The development of a safety performance measure 325
Quantifiable measurement 325
Sensitive 325
Reliable 325
Valid 325
Understandable 325
Efficient 325
Universally applicable 325
The seven characteristics of a safety performance measure 326
Identifying unsafe behaviours or situations 326
Developing a safety performance measure 327
Establishing a safety performance baseline 327
What to do with the baseline information 328
Goal-setting 328
Feedback 330
Summary of the behavioural approach 332
Discussion and review questions 333
9 Innovation and IT in OHS management 334
Introduction 334
Technology and innovation 334
OHS management as a business driver 336
Role of the design engineer 338
Barriers to innovation 338
Information systems 339
Contents xiii
Tracking performance 339
Accident analysis 339
Objectives of reporting systems 341
Benchmarking 341
Examples of a benchmarking approach 342
Communication and information 343
Using databases for risk reduction 344
Example of the Hong Kong Housing Authority system 345
Role of method statements 346
Sharing specialist subcontractor expertise 348
Inspections and audits 349
The role of audit 350
Non such High School for Girls, new classroom block:
Health and OHS system 350
The nature of the audit 351
Training of auditors 351
An example of IT in OHS audit: SABRE 351
Knowledge-based and expert systems 352
Visualisation 354
Site layout 355
OHS hazard identification methods 356
Visualisation for OHS hazard identification 356
OHS database 357
VR functions 358
nDCAD 359
Robotics 361
Discussion and review questions 363
10 Conclusions 364
Organisational learning 365
OHS culture, climate and leadership 371
Cultural impediments to safe working in construction 373
Nurturing a good safety culture 375
Safety climate and OHS outcomes 377
Multi-level safety climates in construction 378
Supervisory safety leadership 379
Work, safety and well-being 382
Work hours 382
Work stressors 384
Human error 384
Psychological well-being 386
Work-life balance 387
Preventive strategies 388
xiv Contents
The scientific evaluation of OHS interventions 389
Experimental designs 390
Quasi-experimental designs 390
Non-experimental designs 390
Single-case experimental designs 391
The withdrawal design 391
The multiple baseline design 392
Ethical considerations in evaluating OHS interventions 392
OHS, social responsibility and business ethics 393
Conclusions 396
Discussion and review questions 398
References 399
Index 435
|
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| discipline | Bauingenieurwesen |
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| spellingShingle | Lingard, Helen Rowlinson, Steve Occupational health and safety in construction project management |
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| title_auth | Occupational health and safety in construction project management |
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| title_fullStr | Occupational health and safety in construction project management Helen Lingard and Steve Rowlinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occupational health and safety in construction project management Helen Lingard and Steve Rowlinson |
| title_short | Occupational health and safety in construction project management |
| title_sort | occupational health and safety in construction project management |
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