Four centuries of clinical chemistry:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam
Gordon & Breach
1999
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 562 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9056996452 |
Internformat
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| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam |b Gordon & Breach |c 1999 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140440564269056 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface xv
I Introduction. Anatomy, Disease, and Therapy. Transition 1
of Alchemy to Chemistry. Paracelsus. Uroscopy.
Van Helmont and Discovery of Gas. Sylvius and
Iatrochemistry. Iatrophysicists (Iatromechanists).
II Introduction. Robert Boyle. Color Test and Chemical 23
Reaction. Analysis of Blood. The Gaseous State and
Pneumatic Chemistry. The New Chemistry of Combustion
and Respiration. Nomenclature.
III Introduction. Urinary Calculi and Discovery of Uric Acid. 37
Cystine and Cystinuria. Preparation and Analysis of
Urea. Analysis of Urine. Chemistry vs Physiology.
William Prout Discovers the Acid of Gastric Juice.
Alexander Marcet, Golding Bird, and Analysis of Calculi.
IV Introduction. Protein and Food Shortage. Analysis of 55
Nitrogen: Methods of Dumas and Will-Varrentrapp.
Kjeldahl Analysis. Nessler s Reagent. Berzelius:
International Authority. Vital Force. Wohler s Synthesis
of Urea. Organic Synthesis by Berthelot. The Analytical
Balance. Volumetric (Titrimetric) Analysis. Karl Mohr.
V Introduction. Library Medicine, Bedside Medicine, and the 77
Stigma of Dissection. The Stethoscope and the Changing
Patient-Physician Relationship. The Changing Role of
Therapy. Measurement and the Focus on Specific
Diseases. Bright s Disease, Albuminuria, and Scientific
Medicine. Body Fluids and the Examination of Blood.
Chemical Analysis: Voices Pro and Con.
x CONTENTS
VI Rees and the Estimation of Urea and Sugar in Blood. 99
Bence Jones Protein. A Theory of Diabetes. Alkaline Tide.
Medical Education. Liebig s Concept of Stone Formation.
Liebig s Laboratory at Giessen. The Impact of Animal
Chemistry. Animal Chemistry Society. Chemistry in the
Service of Society, Technology, and Medicine. Chemistry
Separates from Medicine. Chemistry and the Apothecaries
Act of 1815. Clinical Chemistry—A False Start for a New
Identity.
VII Textbooks on Urine and Blood Analysis (1863-1899). 131
Albuminuria and Insurance Companies. Esbach s Method
for Urine Protein. Detection of Protein by Dipstick.
VIII Cholera, Acidosis, and Fluid-Electrolyte Therapy in 1832. 151
Chemical Studies and Therapeutic Responses When
Cholera Returns. The Early History of Polyuria,
Glycosuria, and Hyperglycemia. Sugar Analysis and
Alkaline Copper Sulfate. Fehling s Solution.
Fermentation. Polariscope-Saccharimeter. Claude Bernard
Discovers the Glycogenic Function of the Liver. Chemical
Findings in Diabetic and Other Forms of Acidosis.
Van Slyke s Apparatus for Measuring Bicarbonate
Concentration and Detection of Acidosis. Milliequivalents
and Cation-Anion Balance. Discovery of Insulin.
IX Respiration and Combustion. Early Studies on Blood 185
Gases. Hoppe-Seyler Isolates Hemoglobin. Physiological
Chemistry and Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie.
Quantitation of Red Cells and Hemoglobin. Hematocrit,
Urine Sediments, and the Centrifuge. Hydrogen
Electrode. S0rensen, pH, and Buffers. Henderson-
Hasselbalch Equation and New Definitions for Acid
and Base. Glass Electrode. Beckman pH Meter.
X Early Development and Use of the Microscope. Clinical 215
Microscopy and the Evolution of Clinical Laboratories
in Great Britain. Emergence of Clinical Laboratories
in the United States. Medicine and the Scientific
CONTENTS xi
Method. The Laboratory. Clinical Laboratory
Testing (1900-1920). Medical Technologists, Commercial
Laboratories, and World War I. Laboratory Supplies and
Suppliers. Origins of the Chemical Glassware Industry
in America. Bausch Lomb Optical Co.
XI Introduction to Physiological Chemistry. Chittenden and 245
the Sheffield Scientific School. Societies, Journals, and
the Diversity of Biochemistry. Analysis by Color
Comparison. The Duboscq Colorimeter and Its Early
Uses. Modern Colorimeter. The Optical Laws of
Beer-Lambert-Bouguer. Duboscq s Optical Instruments.
XII Introduction. The Flexner Report and Medical School 269
Reform. Medical Chemistry, Physiological Chemistry,
and Biological Chemistry. Otto Folin. Metabolic Studies
at McLean Hospital. Colorimetric Methods for Blood
Analysis. Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN). Folin Joins
Harvard Medical School. The Folin-Wu Protein-Free
Filtrate and Other Protein Precipitants. Stanley Benedict.
The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Donald
Dexter Van Slyke and the Rockefeller Hospital. Ivar Bang
and Micromethods. Venipuncture and Blood Analysis.
Evolution of the Hypodermic Syringe. Becton Dickinson
and Company (1897-1997) and the Vacutainer Tube.
XIII Introduction. Benedict s Reagent for Urine Glucose. 319
Analysis of Blood Glucose. Method Modifications by
Folin and Benedict. A New Glucose Reagent—Alkaline
Ferricyanide. Somogyi Protein-Free Filtrate. Tablets,
Powders, and Dipsticks. Another New Glucose
Reagent—Ortho-Toluidine. Enzymatic Methods for
True Glucose. Creatine, Creatinine, and Creatinine
Clearance. Uric Acid. Urea and Urease. Urea Clearance.
Phenolsulphonephthalein Excretion. Bromsulphalein
Retention. Blood Volume.
XIV Chloride, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Potassium: 351
Introduction. Gravimetric, Titrimetric, and Colorimetric
Methods. Spectroscopy. Bunsen and Kirchhoff Apply
xii CONTENTS
Spectral Analysis. Arc and Spark Analysis. Flame
Photometry. Ion-Selective Electrodes. Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry.
XV Cholesterol: Introduction. Color Reactions. Reaction 377
With Digitonin. Blood Analysis: Esterified and Free
Cholesterol. Reference Methods. Enzymatic Methods.
Atherosclerosis, Coronary Heart Disease, and the
National Cholesterol Education Program. Bilirubin:
Introduction. Icterus Index. Diazo, Direct, and Indirect
Reaction. Standards: Artificial and Certified. Urine
Analysis and Tablet Test. Kernicterus in the Newborn.
Direct Spectrophotometric Assay.
XVI Enzymes: Introduction. The Catalytic Force. Ferments: 395
Organized and Unorganized. Chemical vs Vitalist
Fermentation. Zymase and the Cell-Free Extract of
Yeast. Enzyme Theory of Life. Protein Identity of
Enzymes. Amylase. Lipase. Alkaline Phosphatase. Acid
Phosphatase. Aspartate Aminotransferase
and Other Enzymes. SI Units.
XVII Proteins: Introduction. Classical Separation of Albumin 417
and Globulin. Salt Precipitation. Sodium Sulfate
Fractionation: Euglobulin and Pseudoglobulin I and II.
Improved Salt Precipitation Methods. Albumin Binding
Reagents. Biuret Color Reaction. Moving Boundary
Electrophoresis. Separation on Filter Paper. Visualization
of Discrete Bands. Other Support Media. Refractive Index.
Specific Gravity. Clot Formation: Introduction. Separation
and Quantitation of Fibrinogen (Fibrin).
XVIII Victor Myers and the New York Post-Graduate Medical 443
School and Hospital. Practical Chemical Analysis of
Blood. St. Luke s and St. Thomas s. Hawk s Practical
Physiological Chemistry. Peters and Van Slyke:
Quantitative Clinical Chemistry. Photometry: Introduction.
The Photoelectric Effect. Photoelectric Colorimeters
(Photometers). Hoffman s Photoelectric Clinical
Chemistry. Spectrophotometry: Visible and Ultraviolet.
CONTENTS xiii
XIX Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (1925-1960). Proficiency 465
Testing. Biochemistry Sheds Its Clinical Connection.
American Association of Clinical Chemists. Foreign
Societies and the International Federation. Bio-Science:
The Era of Referral Chemistry. Sigma and Kit Methods.
Berson, Yalow, and Radioimmunoassay.
Tool-Instrument-Machine-Automation. Skeggs and
the AutoAnalyzer. Factory Teaching Facility. Analyzers:
Discrete Sample and Random Access.
XX Pitfalls of Publication. Dangers of Laboratory Diagnosis. 503
The Laboratory: Possibilities and an Image Problem.
Scientific Medicine and Overuse of the Laboratory.
A New Partnership—A New Vocabulary. Looking to
the Future—Cost Containment and Managed Care.
New Career Opportunities for the Clinical
Chemist. Conclusion.
Bibliography 519
Index 533
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| isbn | 9056996452 |
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| spelling | Rosenfeld, Louis Verfasser aut Four centuries of clinical chemistry Louis Rosenfeld Amsterdam Gordon & Breach 1999 XVI, 562 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018435241&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Rosenfeld, Louis Four centuries of clinical chemistry |
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