Elementary statistics in social research:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York <<[u.a.]>>
Harper & Row
1988
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| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VI, 472 S. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Elementary statistics in social research
Autor: Levin, Jack
Jahr: 1988
Contents Preface vii 1 Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics 1 The Nature of Social Research, 1 / Why Test Hypotheses? 7 / The Stages of Social Research, 8 / Using Series of Numbers to Do Social Research, 8 Functions of Statistics, 12 / Summary, 17 / Problems, 18 / Terms to Remember, 19 PART ONE / DESCRIPTION 21 2 Organizing the Data 23 Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data, 23 / Comparing Distributions, 24 Proportions and Percentages, 25 / Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data, 29 / Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data, 30 / Cumulative Distributions, 33 / Percentile Rank, 35 Dealing with Decimal Data, 39 / Flexible Class Intervals, 41 Summary, 43 / Problems, 43 / Terms to Remember, 46 3 Cross-Tabulations 47 Two-Way Cross-Tabulations, 47 / Choosing Among Total, Row, and Column Percents, 52 / Elaboration, 54 / Summary, 58 / Problems, 59 Terms to Remember, 60 4 Graphic Presentations 61 Pie Charts, 61 / Bar Graphs, 62 / Frequency Polygons, 69 / The Shape of a Frequency Distribution, 70 / Line Charts, 72 / Maps, 77 / Summary, 78 Problems, 78 / Terms to Remember, 80 iii
CONTENTS 5 Measures of Central Tendency 81 The Mode, 81 / The Median, 83 / The Mean, 85 / Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean, 88 / Obtaining the Mode, Median, and Mean From a Grouped Frequency Distribution, 94 / Summary, 97 / Problems, 98 Terms to Remember, 100 6 Measures of Variability 101 The Range, 102 / The Mean Deviation, 103 / The Variance and Standard Deviation, 105 / Comparing the Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, and Standard Deviation, 116 / Obtaining the Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, and Standard Deviation from Grouped Data, 117 / Summary, 121 Problems, 122 / Terms to Remember, 124 PART TWO / FROM DESCRIPTION TO DECISION MAKING 125 7 Probability 127 Rules of Probability, 128 / Probability Distributions, 131 / The Difference Between Probability Distributions and Frequency Distributions, 134 / Mean and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution, 135 / Summary, 136 Problems, 136 / Terms to Remember, 137 8 The Normal Curve 138 Characteristics of the Normal Curve, 138 / Normal Curves: The Model and the Real World, 139 / The Area Under the Normal Curve, 141 / Clarifying the Standard Deviation: An Illustration, 144 / Using Table A, 146 Standard Scores and the Normal Curve, 147 / Probability and the Normal Curve, 151 / Summary, 154 / Problems, 155 / Terms to Remember, 155 9 Samples and Populations 156 Sampling Methods, 157 / Sampling Error, 162 / Sampling Distribution of Means, 163 / Standard Error of the Mean, 170 / Confidence Intervals, 171 The t Distribution, 178 / Estimating Proportions, 183 / Determining Sample Size, 185 / Summary, 189 / Problems, 189 / Terms to Remember, 191
PART THREE / DECISION MAKING 193 10 Testing Differences Between Means 195 The Null Hypothesis: No Difference Between Means, 195 / The Research Hypothesis: A Difference Between Means, 196 / Sampling Distribution of Mean Differences, 197 / Testing Hypotheses with the Distribution of Differences, 201 / Levels of Significance, 204 / Standard Error of the Difference, 210 / Comparing the Same Sample Measured Twice, 219 / Two Sample Tests of Proportions, 222 / One-Tailed Tests, 225 / Requirements for the Use of the z Score and t Ratio, 229 / Summary, 230 Problems, 231 / Terms to Remember, 234 Computer Illustration: Tests of Means, 234 11 Analysis of Variance 239 The Logic of Analysis of Variance, 241 / The Sums of Squares, 242 / Mean Square, 248 / The F Ratio, 250 / A Multiple Comparison of Means, 256 Requirements for the Use of the F Ratio, 259 / Summary, 259 Problems, 260 / Terms to Remember, 261 Computer Illustration: Analysis of Variance, 261 12 Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests 268 Chi-Square as a Test of Significance, 269 / Computing Chi-Square, 270 Finding the Expected Frequencies, 274 / A 2 X 2 Chi-Square Computational Formula, 278 / Comparing Several Groups, 280 Correcting for Small Expected Frequencies, 285 / Requirements for the Use of Chi-Square, 290 / The Median Test, 290 / Friedman’s Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks, 293 / Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks, 297 / Summary, 299 / Problems, 300 / Terms to Remember, 304 Computer Illustration: Nonparametric Test, 304 13 Correlation 308 Strength of Correlation, 308 / Direction of Correlation, 309 / Curvilinear Correlation, 310 / The Correlation Coefficient, 311 / A Correlation Coefficient for Interval Data, 312 / A Computational Formula for Pearson’s r, 315 / Testing the Significance of Pearson’s r, 317 / The Importance of Scatter Plots, 321 / Partial Correlation, 323 / Correlation Coefficient for
CONTENTS Ordinal Data, 330 / Goodman’s and Kruskal’s Gamma, 336 / Correlation Coefficient for Nominal Data Arranged in a 2 X 2 Table, 344 / Correlation Coefficients for Nominal Data in Larger than 2x2 Tables, 347 Lambda, 350 / Summary, 354 / Problems, 355 / Terms to Remember, 359 Computer Illustration: Pearson’s Correlation, 359 14 Regression Analysis 363 The Regression Model, 364 / Interpreting the Regression Line, 370 Prediction Errors, 375 / Regression and Pearson’s Correlation, 378 Regression and Analysis of Variance, 379 / Multiple Regression, 384 Summary, 386 / Problems, 386 / Terms to Remember, 387 Computer Illustration: Regression Analysis, 389 15 Applying Statistical Procedures to Research Problems 390 Research Situations, 392 / Research Solutions, 402 Appendix A Campus Profile Data Set 411 Appendix B Introduction to Computers for Statistics 419 Appendix C A Review of Some Fundamentais of Mathematics 424 Appendix D Tables 429 Appendix E List of Formulas 446 Appendix F Glossary 453 Answers to Selected Problems 461 Index 467
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| spelling | Levin, Jack Verfasser aut Elementary statistics in social research Jack Levin ; James Alan Fox 4. ed. New York <<[u.a.]>> Harper & Row 1988 VI, 472 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 s DE-604 Fox, James Alan Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018419955&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Levin, Jack Elementary statistics in social research Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4014606-6 |
| title | Elementary statistics in social research |
| title_auth | Elementary statistics in social research |
| title_exact_search | Elementary statistics in social research |
| title_full | Elementary statistics in social research Jack Levin ; James Alan Fox |
| title_fullStr | Elementary statistics in social research Jack Levin ; James Alan Fox |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elementary statistics in social research Jack Levin ; James Alan Fox |
| title_short | Elementary statistics in social research |
| title_sort | elementary statistics in social research |
| topic | Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistik Empirische Sozialforschung |
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