Roads and traffic in urban areas:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
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London
1987
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIV, 418 S. |
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| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
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| 001 | BV024441029 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
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| 035 | |a (OCoLC)613551036 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV024441029 | ||
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| 049 | |a DE-83 | ||
| 084 | |a ZH 9348 |0 (DE-625)156312: |2 rvk | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Roads and traffic in urban areas |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |c 1987 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIV, 418 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018417909&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| _version_ | 1804140417969553408 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Roads and traffic in urban areas
Autor:
Jahr: 1987
Detailed list of contents
PART 1 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ISSUES,
RESPONSIBILITIES AND PRINCIPLES
Chapter 1. Urban Traffic Conditions in Britain
1.1 Traffic Growth
1.2 Effects on Public Transport
1.3 Environmental Considerations
1.4 Criteria for New Schemes
1.5 Priority for Public Transport
1.6 Pedestrians, Cyclists and the Disabled
1.7 Road Safety
1.8 A Balanced Approach
1.9 References
1.10 Further Information
Chapter 2. Road Traffic Trends in Urban Areas
2.1 Definition of an Urban Area
2.2 Trends in Urbanisation
2.3 Car Ownership and Travel to Work
2.4 Public Transport
2.5 Freight Transport
2.6 Cyclists and Pedestrians
2.7 Road Safety
2.8 Road Traffic Trends
2.9 References
2.10 Further Information
Page Nos
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
12
12
12
17
17
18
Chapter 3. The Statutory Basis for Road Planning
3.1 The Legislative Background
3.2 Current Legislation
3.3 The Statutory Planning Framework
3.4 Transport Policies and Programmes
3.5 Private Parliamentary Bills
3.6 Agreements between Developers and Local Authorities
3.7 References
3.8 Further Information
Chapter 4. Powers and Responsibilities of the Agencies Involved
4.1 Statutory Basis
4.2 Funding for Roads in Urban Areas
4.3 Capital and Revenue Expenditure
4.4 References
4.5 Further Information
Chapter 5. The Principles of a Functional Hierarchy of Roads
5.1 Problems Arising from Mixed Use of Urban Roads
5.2 Alternative Solutions
5.3 The Benefits of Establishing a Road Hierarchy
19
19
19
24
24
24
26
26
27
27
29
30
30
31
31
32
ÕØ
Page Nos
5.4 Road Categories within a Hierarchy 32
5.5 Implications for Planning and Development Control 32
5.6 Statutory Definitions 35
5.7 The Relationship between Hierarchy and Statutory Road Classification 36
5.8 References 38
Chapter 6. Alternative Concepts of Road Capacity
6.1 Traffic Capacity
6.2 Economic Capacity
6.3 Environmental Capacity
6.4 References
Chapter 7. The Need for a Balance of Transport Modes
7.1 Alternative Policies
7.2 Managing Demand for Traffic Movement
7.3 Further Information
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
PART 2 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, POLICY
DEVELOPMENT AND SCHEME APPRAISAL
Chapter 8. Transportation Policy
8.1 Transportation Policy Objectives
8.2 Urban Transportation Policies
8.3 Problems and Opportunities
8.4 The Role of Lobbies and Interest Groups
8.5 Informed Public Debate
8.6 Further Information
Chapter 9. Transport Policy Options
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Use of Planning Powers and Development Control
9.3 New Railway Systems
9.4 New Urban Road Construction
9.5 Improvements to Existing Infrastructure
9.6 Traffic Engineering Measures
9.7 Public Transport Subsidies
9.8 Traffic Restraint (or Management of Demand)
9.9 References
9.10 Further Information
Chapter 10. Traffic Data Collection and Monitoring
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Locational Referencing for Road Based Information Systems
10.3 Sources of National Inventory Data
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46
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48
48
48
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49
49
52
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54
55
55
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59
XIV
Page Nos
10.4 Recording of Accidents 60
10.5 Continuous Monitoring 61
10.6 Inaccuracy and Variability in Traffic Surveys 62
10.7 Sampling Procedures and Techniques 65
10.8 Sample Surveys—Observational Techniques 66
10.9 Interview Surveys 69
10.10 Attitude Surveys 70
10.11 Environmental Surveys 73
10.12 References 76
10.13 Further Information 77
Chapter 11. Estimating Travel Demand
11.1 Policy Evaluation 78
11.2 Transport Demand Models Generally 78
11.3 Travel Demand and Scheme Evaluation 81
11.4 Defining and Building a Serial Model 81
11.5 Defining the Study Area and Modelling Zones 85
11.6 Estimating Growth in Travel Demand 86
11.7 Modelling Trip Origins and Destinations 88
11.8 Quantifying Travel Costs 89
11.9 Distribution Models 89
11.10 Modelling Choice of Mode of Travel 90
11.11 Transport and Highway Networks 90
11.12 Traffic Assignment Models 91
11.13 Errors and Uncertainties in Demand Forecasts 94
11. i 4 References 95
11.15 Further Information 95
Chapter 12. Economic and Environmental Appraisal
12.1 Introduction 97
12.2 Comparison Between Alternatives 97
12.3 The Framework Approach 98
12.4 Using the Concept of Environmental Capacity 98
12.5 Traffic and Economic Effects 98
12.6 Cost-Benefit Analysis 103
12.7 Environmental Appraisal 104
12.8 Appraisal of Road Safety 105
12.9 References 105
12.10 Further Information 106
Chapter 13. Public Consultation and Participation
13.1 Introduction 107
13.2 Deciding Upon the Level of Public Involvement 107
13.3 Methods of Public Consultation 108
13.4 Public Inquiries and Examinations in Public 112
13.5 References 112
13.6 Further Information 113
xv
PART 3 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES, TECHNIQUES
AND PROCEDURES
Chapter 14. The Objectives and Techniques of Traffic Management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Objectives of Traffic Management
14.3 Techniques and Powers
14.4 An Introduction to Scheme Appraisal
14.5 References
14.6 Further Information
Page Nos
117
117
118
119
119
119
Chapter 15. Statutory Procedures for Implementing Traffic Management Measures
15.1 General Principles
15.2 Procedures for Making Traffic and Parking Orders
15.3 The Purposes of Traffic Regulation Orders
15.4 Common Types of Traffic Regulation Order
15.5 Control of Waiting and Loading
15.6 The Orange Badge Scheme for Disabled Persons
15.7 Other Types of Orders
15.8 Stopping Up and Diversion of Highways
15.9 Extinguishment of Vehicular Rights
15.10 Parking Orders
15.11 Cycling and Cycle Tracks
15.12 Speed Limits
15.13 Pedestrian Crossings
15.14 References
15.15 Further Information
121
121
123
124
125
126
126
126
126
127
128
128
129
129
130
Chapter 16. Access and Traffic Movement
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Types of Access Requirement
16.3 Influencing Access Requirements
16.4 Through and Local Traffic Movement
16.5 Road Links
16.6 Choice of Junction Type
16.7 Frontage Access to Premises
16.8 Access Requirements for Particular Kinds of Traffic
16.9 References
16.10 Further Information
131
131
131
132
132
132
133
133
135
135
Chapter 17. Provision of Access for Emergency Vehicles
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Measures to be Employed
17.3 Exemption from Traffic Regulations
17.4 References
17.5 Further Information
136
136
138
138
138
XVI
Chapter 18. Road Safety Page Nos
18.1 Road Accidents in Urban Areas 139
18.2 Accident Remedial Work 139
18.3 Selection of Sites for Treatment 140
18.4 Monitoring and Evaluation of Accidents and Site Characteristics 144
18.5 Information and Publicity 144
18.6 References 148
18.7 Further Information 148
Chapter 19. Environmental Protection and Enhancement
19.1 General Objectives 149
19.2 Environmental Factors 149
19.3 Conflicting Demands 150
19.4 Typical Areas for Treatment 150
19.5 Measures to Improve the Environment 151
19.6 Evaluation of Environmental Measures 155
19.7 Decision Making 157
19.8 References 158
19.9 Further Information 158
Chapter 20. Urban Traffic Control
20.1 Background 159
20.2 Operational Objectives for UTC Systems 159
20.3 The Potential Benefits of UTC 160
20.4 Identification of Areas Suitable for Signal Coordination 161
20.5 The Concept of Coordination 162
20.6 Signal Control Equipment 162
20.7 Alternative Methods of Signal Coordination 163
20.8 Data Requirements for UTC 163
20.9 Fixed-time Systems (including TRANSYT) 163
20.10 Traffic-responsive Systems (including SCOOT) 165
20.11 Fault Monitoring 167
20.12 Car Park Information Systems 167
20.13 Priority Routeing for Emergency Vehicles 167
20.14 Control of Urban Motorways and Major Roads 169
20.15 Measuring the Effectiveness of UTC 169
20.16 References 169
20.17 Further Information 169
Chapter 21. On-Street Parking
21.1 Introduction 171
21.2 The Importance of Parking Policies 171
21.3 Statutory Powers 171
21.4 Making Use of On-street Parking Space 171
21.5 Residents Parking Schemes 172
21.6 Controlled Parking Zones 174
21.7 Parking for Disabled People 174
21.8 Parking for Other Categories of Road User 174
21.9 Layout of Parking Spaces 174
21.10 Devices for Control and Collection of Charges 179
21.11 Enforcement 179
xvu
21.12 Pavement Parking
21.13 References
21.14 Further Information
Chapter 22. Measures for Influencing Vehicle Speed
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Speed Limits
22.3 Selecting Appropriate Speed Limits
22.4 Use of Minimum Speed Limits
22.5 Physical Methods to Reduce Speed
22.6 References
22.7 Further Information
Page Nos
180
180
181
182
182
182
182
182
185
185
Chapter 23. Measures for Limiting the Amount of Road Traffic
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The Objectives and Effects of Traffic Restraint
23.3 Scheme Design and Assessment
23.4 The Measures Available
23.5 References
23.6 Further Information
186
186
187
188
192
192
Chapter 24. Facilities for Pedestrians
24.1 The Importance of Pedestrians as Traffic
24.2 Making the Best Use of Existing Footways and Footpaths
24.3 Pedestrian Refuges
24.4 Formal Pedestrian Crossings
24.5 School Crossing Patrols
24.6 Zebra Crossings
24.7 Pelican Crossings
24.8 Siting of Crossings
24.9 Provision for Pedestrians at Signal Controlled Junctions
24.10 Shared Facilities
24.11 Pedestrianisation
24.12 Grade Separation
24.13 Consideration of Those with a Mobility Handicap
24.14 Guardrails
24.15 Street Lighting
24.16 Anti-skid Treatment
24.17 References
24.18 Further Information
193
193
194
195
195
196
198
200
200
200
200
202
203
204
206
206
206
207
Chapter 25. Measures to Assist Cyclists
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The Legal Position on the Use of Cycles
25.3 Objectives
25.4 Cycle Routes and Facilities
25.5 Junctions and Crossings
25.6 Cycle Parking
25.7 References
25.8 Further Information
208
208
209
209
210
212
213
213
õ?ø
Chapter 26. Measures to Assist Buses
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Bus Stops
26.3 With-flow Bus Lanes
26.4 Contra-flow Bus Lanes
26.5 Evaluation and Assessment of Bus Lanes
26.6 High Capacity Bus Systems
26.7 Bus Priority at Junctions
26.8 Measures to Assist Buses in Environmental Areas
26.9 References
26.10 Further Information
Chapter 27. Management of Heavy Goods Vehicles
27.1 Introduction
27.2 The Effects of Heavy Goods Vehicles
27.3 Non-regulatory Controls
27.4 Regulatory Controls
27.5 Area-wide Traffic Management Measures
27.6 The Evaluation of Lorry Controls
27.7 Longer Term Measures
27.8 Abnormal Indivisible Loads
27.9 Hazardous Loads
27.10 References
27.11 Further Information
Page Nos
214
215
219
221
223
223
225
225
228
228
229
229
229
232
233
234
234
236
237
239
239
PART 4 HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 28. Highway and Traffic Aspects of Development Control
28.1 Land Use and its Associated Traffic Patterns
28.2 Application for Planning Permission
28.3 Agreements between Developers and Local Authorities
28.4 References
28.5 Further Information
Chapter 29. General Guidelines for the Assessment and Design of New Developments
29.1 Basic Principles
29.2 Development Related Vehicle Trips
29.3 References
Chapter 30. Provision for Parking in New Developments
30.1 Demand for Parking Space
30.2 The Significance of Location
30.3 Planning Consent and Parking Provision
30.4 The Different Types of Parking Space Requirement
243
243
245
245
245
246
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249
250
250
250
250
XIX
30.5 Perception of Parking Requirements
30.6 The Cost of Off-street Parking Space
30.7 Design Considerations
30.8 Size and Layout of Spaces
30.9 Further Information
Chapter 31. New Residential Development
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Highway Adoption Agreements
31.3 Main Categories of Roads in Residential Developments
31.4 Vehicular Access to Development Sites
31.5 The Layout of Roads and Footpaths
31.6 Provision for Pedestrians
31.7 Provision for the Movement of Vehicles
31.8 Provision for Parking
31.9 Detailed Design Considerations
31.10 References
31.11 Further Information
Chapter 32. Major Industrial and Commercial Development
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Access and Internal Circulation
32.3 General Design Requirements for Heavy Goods Vehicles
32.4 Geometric Requirements for Turning, Parking and Loading
32.5 Layout of Single-level Car Parking
32.6 Facilities for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Public Transport
32.7 Environmental Design Considerations
32.8 References
32.9 Further Information
Chapter 33. Central Area Development
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Pedestrian Malls, Concourses and Precincts
33.3 Pedestrian Mover Systems
33.4 Public Transport Systems Involving Shared Use of Highways
33.5 Public Transport Interchanges
33.6 Multi-storey Car Parks
33.7 References
33.8 Further Information
Page Nos
253
253
253
254
254
255
257
257
258
260
262
265
265
266
268
269
270
270
277
282
283
284
284
285
285
286
286
288
289
290
294
300
300
PART 5 THE DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF MAJOR
HIGHWAYS SCHEMES
Chapter 34. Design Concepts
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Level of Service
303
303
xx
34.3 Estimation of Future Traffic Demands
34.4 Design Speed
34.5 Design Standards
34.6 Frequency of Intersections
34.7 Provision for Pedestrians
34.8 Staged Construction
34.9 Minimising Impact on the Environment
34.10 Maintenance Considerations
34.11 References
34.12 Further Information
Chapter 35. Procedures for the Planning and Approval of Road Schemes
35.1 Initial Steps
35.2 Protecting the Land Required and Avoiding Planning Blight
35.3 Land Acquisition
35.4 Land Compensation
35.5 Public Consultation
35.6 Public Inquiries
35.7 References
35.8 Further Information
Chapter 36. The Highway in Cross-section
36.1 Lane Width and Carriageway Width
36.2 Tidal Flow
36.3 Edges of the Carriageway
36.4 Footways
36.5 Verges
36.6 Central Reserves
36.7 Crossfall (or Camber)
36.8 Other Aspects of Design
36.9 References
36.10 Further Information
Page Nos
303
304
304
305
305
305
305
306
306
306
307
307
308
308
308
308
312
312
313
313
317
317
318
318
319
320
320
320
Chapter 37. Link Design
37.1 Design Speed
37.2 Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)
37.3 Full Overtaking Sight Distance (FOSD)
37.4 Interruptions to Lines of Sight
37.5 Horizontal Curvature
37.6 Vertical Alignment
37.7 Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignments
37.8 Climbing Lanes (or Crawler Lanes)
37.9 References
37.10 Further Information
Chapter 38. Junction Design: General Considerations
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Provision and Spacing of Junctions
38.3 Types of Junction
38.4 Design Principles
321
321
321
323
323
324
324
325
325
325
326
326
326
330
XXI
38.5 References
38.6 Further Information
Page Nos
331
331
Chapter 39. Priority Junctions
39.1 Geometric Requirements
39.2 Visibility Requirements ( x and y Distances)
39.3 Channelisation
39.4 Provision for Pedestrians
39.5 Traffic Capacity and Delay
39.6 References
39.7 Further Information
332
335
336
337
337
338
338
Chapter 40. Roundabouts
40.1 Introduction
40.2 The Geometric Features of Roundabout Design
40.3 The Principles for Estimating Capacity and Delay
40.4 Provision for Pedestrians
40.5 Provision for Cyclists
40.6 References
40.7 Further Information
339
339
339
350
350
350
351
Chapter 41. Traffic Signal Control
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Control Principles
41.3 Legislative Background and Design Standards
41.4 Assessing Site Suitability for Traffic Signal Control
41.5 Traffic Signal Equipment and Operation
41.6 The Layout of Signal Controlled Junctions
41.7 Facilities for Pedestrians and Cyclists
41.8 Other Applications of Signal Control
41.9 Traffic Signal Design
41.10 Design Techniques
41.11 Measures of Performance and Signal Timings
41.12 Computer Programs
41.13 Other Design Considerations
41.14 References
41.15 Further Information
352
352
352
352
353
355
359
359
360
365
366
367
367
367
368
Chapter 42. Grade Separated Junctions
42.1 Basic Principles
42.2 Justification
42.3 Alternative Layouts
42.4 Geometric Design
42.5 Merging, Diverging and Weaving
42.6 Facilities for Cyclists
42.7 Bus Stops
42.8 References
42.9 Further Information
369
370
370
374
374
379
379
379
379
XXII
Chapter 43. Traffic Signs Page Nos
43.1 Principles of Signing 380
43.2 Categories of Traffic Signs 380
43.3 Direction Signing 381
43.4 Variable Message Traffic Signs 382
43.5 Environmental Impact of Direction Signs 383
43.6 Illumination of Traffic Signs 383
43.7 References 383
43.8 Further Information 384
PART 6 APPLICATION IN NORTHERN IRELAND,
SCOTLAND AND WALES
Chapter 44. Application in Northern Ireland 387
Chapter 45. Application in Scotland 393
Chapter 46. Application in Wales 415
õõø
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| spellingShingle | Roads and traffic in urban areas |
| title | Roads and traffic in urban areas |
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