Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berkeley [u.a.]
Univ. of Calif. Press
1989
|
| Ausgabe: | 1., paperback print. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 691 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780520066106 0520042867 0520066103 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mandarin Chinese |b a functional reference grammar |c Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson |
| 250 | |a 1., paperback print. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berkeley [u.a.] |b Univ. of Calif. Press |c 1989 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 691 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140389452480512 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface to the Paperback Edition xiii
Preface xvii
Conventions Used in Examples xix
Abbreviations xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Chinese Language Family 2
L2 The Phonology of Mandarin 3
1.2.1 Initials 3
1.2.2 Finals 6
1.2.3 Tones 6
1.2.4 Phonetic Effects of the Retroflex Suffix 9
2 Typological Description 10
2.1 The Structural Complexity of Words: Mandarin as
an Isolating Language 10
2.1.1 Morphemes Occurring with Nouns 11
2.1.2 Morphemes Occurring with Verbs 12
2.2 Monosyllabicity: The Number of Syllables per Word 13
2.3 Topic Prominence 15
2.4 Word Order 16
2.4.1 The Word Order Typology 16
2.4.2 Word Order in Mandarin 19
VI
CONTENTS
3 Word Structure 28
3.1 Morphological Processes 28
3.1.1 Reduplication 28
3.1.2 Affixation 36
3.2 Compounds 45
3.2.1 The Meaning of Compounds 46
3.2.2 Nominal Compounds 48
3.2.3 Verbal Compounds 54
3.2.4 Subject-Predicate Compounds 70
3.2.5 Verb-Object Compounds 73
3.2.6 Antonymous Adjectives Forming Nominal Compounds 81
3.2.7 Minor Types of Compounds 81
4 Simple Declarative Sentences 85
4.1 Topic and Subject 85
4.1.1 Characterization of Topic 85
4.1.2 Characterization of Subject 87
4.1.3 Comparison of Topic and Subject 87
4.1.4 Double-Subject Sentences 92
4.1.5 Comparison with Chao’s Analysis 93
4.1.6 Time and Locative Phrases 94
4.1.7 Further Examples 95
4.1.8 Topic as a Discourse Element 100
4.1.9 Topic and Coreference in Discourse 102
4.2 The Noun Phrase 103
4.2.1 Classifier Phrases/Measure Phrases 104
4.2.2 Associative Phrases 113
4.2.3 Modifying Phrases 116
4.2.4 The Order of Elements in a Noun Phrase 124
4.2.5 Definiteness and Referentiality 126
4.2.6 Pronouns 132
4.2.7 Reflexives 137
4.3 The Verb Phrase 139
4.3.1 Types of Verb Phrases 141
CONTENTS vii
5 Auxiliary Verbs 172
5.1 Auxiliary Verb versus Verb 172
5.2 Auxiliary Verb versus Adverb 181
5.3 List of Auxiliary Verbs 182
6 Aspect 184
6.1 The Perfective Aspect 185
6.1.1 Where to Use -le: A Bounded Event 185
6.1.2 Where Not to Use -le 202
6.1.3 -le in Imperatives 207
6.1.4 -le Does Not Mean Past Tense 213
6.1.5 -le Does Not Mean Completion 215
6.1.6 Summary 216
6.2 The Durative Aspect 217
6.2.1 Semantic Types of Verbs and the Durative Aspect
Markers -zhe and zai 217
6.2.2 Complex Sentences with the Durative Aspect
Marker -zhe 223
6.3 The Experiential Aspect 226
6.4 The Delimitative Aspect 232
6.5 Summary 236
7 Sentence-Final Particles 238
7.1 le 238
7.1.1 The Communicative Function of le 240
7.1.2 Where Not to Use le 290
7.1.3 Perfective -le versus CRS le 296
7.2 ne 300
7.3 ba 307
7.4 ou 311
7.5 a/ya 313
7.6 Conclusion 317
viii
CONTENTS
8 Adverbs 3
8.1 Movable Adverbs 320
8.1.1 Movable Adverbs of Time 320
8.1.2 Movable Adverbs of Attitude 321
8.2 Nonmovable Adverbs 322
8.2.1 Manner Adverbs 322
8.2.2 Nonmanner Adverbs 328
8.3 Negation and Adverbs 340
8.3.1 Negation and Movable Adverbs 340
8.3.2 Negation and Nonmovable Adverbs 342
8.4 Adverbs and the bä Construction 349
8.5 Quantity Adverbial Phrases 352
9 Coverbs/Prepositions 356
9.1 The Function of Coverbs 356
9.1.1 Occurrence with Aspect Markers 360
9.1.2 Coverbs That Can Function as Verbs 362
9.2 Representative List of Coverbs 367
10 Indirect Objects and Benefactives 370
10.1 gei Obligatory 374
10.2 gei Optional 375
10.3 gei Forbidden 377
10.4 Apparent Indirect Objects 379
10.5 Explanation for the Indirect Object Facts 383
10.6 Benefactive Noun Phrases, and Preverbal Indirect Object 385
10.7 Other Functions of gei 388
11 Locative and Directional Phrases 390
11.1 Locative Phrases 390
11.1.1 The Structure of Locative Phrases 390
11.1.2 The Position of the Locative Phrase in the Sentence 397
11.2 Directional Phrases with dao ‘to’ 409
CONTENTS ix
12 Negation 415
12.1 The Position and Scope of Negative Particles 417
12.2 The Functions of bu and mei(you) 421
12.2.1 Variation in the Meaning of Sentences with bu 421
12.2.2 Types of Verb Phrases 424
12.2.3 Resultative Verb Compounds 426
12.3 mei(ydu) Is Not a Past Tense Negative Particle 428
12.4 Negation and Aspect 430
12.5 Negating Some Element other than a Simple Verb Phrase 438
12.6 Summary 440
13 Verb Copying 442
13.1 Where Verb Copying Occurs 442
13.2 Grammatical Properties of the Verb-Copying Construction 447
14 The Imperative 451
15 The bd Construction 463
15.1 The bd Noun Phrase 465
15.2 Disposal 466
15.3 bd Sentences without a Subject 480
15.4 bd . . . gei 482
15.5 When to Use the bd Construction 482
16 The bei Construction 492
16.1 Use and Function 493
16.1.1 Adversity 493
16.1.2 Disposal 501
16.2 Structural Properties 503
16.2.1 Indirect Object Adversely Affected 504
16.2.2 The bei Noun Phrase Can Be Inanimate 504
16.3 bd and bei 505
16.4 Variant Forms 506
X
CONTENTS
17 Presentative Sentences 509
17.1 Existential and Positional Verbs 510
17.2 Verbs of Motion 517
18 Questions 520
18.1 The Four Types of Questions 520
18.2 Question-Word Questions 522
18.2.1 Question Words in Questions 522
18.2.2 Question Words as Indefinite Pronouns 527
18.3 Disjunctive Questions 531
18.3.1 Questions with Constituents Connected by haishi 532
18.3.2 A-not-A Questions 535
18.4 Tag Questions 546
18.5 Particle Questions 547
18.6 Differences between A-Not-A Questions and
Particle Questions 548
18.7 Questions Serving as Subjects or Direct Objects of a Verb 554
18.8 Answers to Questions 557
19 Comparison 564
19.1 Comparative Constructions 564
19.1.1 Dimension 568
19.1.2 Subject/Topic and the Standard
of Comparison 569
19.2 Superlatives 571
20 Nominalization 575
20.1 A Nominalization Functioning as a Noun Phrase 576
20.2 Nominalizations Modifying a Head Noun 579
20.2.1 Relative Clause Constructions 579
20.2.2 A Nominalization Serving as the Complement
to an Abstract Head Noun 585
20.3 The shi. . . ¿te Construction 587
CONTENTS Xi
21 Serial Verb Constructions 594
21.1 Two or More Separate Events 595
21.2 One Verb Phrase/Clause Is the Subject or Direct Object
of Another 598
21.2.1 The Second Verb Phrase/Clause Is the Direct Object
of the First Verb 598
21.2.2 The First Verb Phrase/Clause Is the Subject of the
Second Verb 603
21.2.3 The Clause That Is a Subject or Direct Object
is a Question 606
21.3 Pivotal Constructions 607
21.4 Descriptive Clauses 611
21.4.1 Realis Descriptive Clauses 611
21.4.2 Irrealis Descriptive Clauses 618
21.5 Summary 620
22 The Complex Stative Construction 623
22.1 Inferred meanings 623
22.1.1 Manner Inferred 623
22.1.2 Extent Inferred 626
22.1.3 Either Manner or Extent Inferred 627
22.2 General Structural Properties 628
23 Sentence Linking 631
23.1 Forward Linking 632
23.1.1 Forward Linking with a Linking Element 633
23.1.2 Forward Linking without a Linking Element 641
23.1.3 The Semantics of Conditionals 646
23.2 Backward Linking 651
23.2.1 Adverbial Backward-Linking Elements in
Clause-Initial Position 653
23.2.2 Nonmovable Adverbs as Backward-
Linking Elements 655
xii CONTENTS
24 Pronouns in Discourse 657
24. I Zero Pronouns 657
24.2 Pronouns 662
24.3 Syntactic Constraints on Zero Pronouns 675
References 677
Index
683
|
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| author | Li, Charles N. 1940- |
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| author_facet | Li, Charles N. 1940- |
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| id | DE-604.BV024418581 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:59:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780520066106 0520042867 0520066103 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018396266 |
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| owner | DE-83 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXII, 691 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateSearch | 1989 |
| publishDateSort | 1989 |
| publisher | Univ. of Calif. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Li, Charles N. 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)136439500 aut Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson 1., paperback print. Berkeley [u.a.] Univ. of Calif. Press 1989 XXII, 691 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Thompson, Sandra A. 1941- Sonstige (DE-588)124254268 oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018396266&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Li, Charles N. 1940- Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113214-2 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar |
| title_auth | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar |
| title_exact_search | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar |
| title_full | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson |
| title_fullStr | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mandarin Chinese a functional reference grammar Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson |
| title_short | Mandarin Chinese |
| title_sort | mandarin chinese a functional reference grammar |
| title_sub | a functional reference grammar |
| topic | Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chinesisch Grammatik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018396266&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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