The Earth and its environment:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1974
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140166272516096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The earth and its environment
Autor: Hesse, Walter H
Jahr: 1974
Contents
INTRODUCTION
1 What Is Science? 3
1.1 Sciences vs. Humanities 4
ASTRONOMY
2 Introduction to Astronomy 9
2.1 Objectives of Astronomy 9
2.2 Reasons for Studying Astronomy 10
2.3 The Geocentric Theory 11
2.4 The Heiiocerrtric Theory 13
2.5 Structure of the Solar System 17
2.6 Space Science and Society 18
2.7 Summary 21
3 The Sun, the Earth, and the Moon 23
3.1 Formation of the Solar System 23
3.2 Age of the Solar System 25
3.3 The Sun 25
3.4 The Earth 33
3.5 The Moon 38
3.6 Summary 45
4 The Solar System ; The Planets, Asteroids,
Comets, and Meteoroids 47
4.1 Mercury 43
4.2 Venus 50
4.3 Mars 52
4.4 Jupiter 58
4.5 Saturn 62
4.6 Uranus 62
4.7 Neptune 63
4.8 Piuto 64
4.9 The Tenth Planet 65
4.10 Unanswered Questions 65
4.11 Other Inhabitants of the Solar System 66
4.12 Summary 70
5 Stars 72
5.1 Stellar Distance 72
5.2 Stellar Magnitude 75
5.3 Stellar Temperatures 77
5.4 Stellar Diameters 77
5.5 Stellar Mass and Density 78
5.6 Stellar Motion 79
5.7 Stellar Classification 81
5.8 The Hertzspring-Russell Diagram 82
5.9 Unusual Stars 85
5.10 Stellar Evolution 87
5.11 The Constellations 89
5.12 Summary 90
6 Galaxies 92
6.1 The Galaxy Discovered 92
6.2 Shape, Size, and Population of the Milky Way 93
6.3 Intragalactic Motion 94
6.4 Galactic Structure 95
6.5 Galactic Mass 96
6.6 Types of Galaxies 96
6.7 Galactic Evolution 97
6.8 Galactic Distances 100
6.9 Galactic Motion 103
6.10 Distribution of Galaxies 105
6.11 Radio Galaxies and Quasars 106
6.12 Summary 108
7 Cosmology—Life in the Universe 109
7.1 History of Cosmology 110
7.2 The Evolutionary Universe 111
7.3 The Steady-State Theory 113
7.4 Life in the Universe 114
7.5 Astronomy and Society 119
7.6 Summary 120
GEOLOGY
8 Introduction to Geology 125
8.1 Some Early Principles 126
8.2 The Nwwiy Formed Earth 130
8.3 The Present Earth 132
8.4 The Ocean Basins 135
8.5 Continental Drift 137
8.6 The Earth s Present Atmosphere 142
8.7 Summary 142
9 The Earth s Mataríais 144
9.1 Some Mineral Myths 144
9.2 Minerais Defined 145
9.3 Physica! Properties of Minerals 148
9.4 Mineral Classification 153
9.5 The Importasse of Minerate 156
9.6 Rocks 158
9.7 Weathering 166
9.8 Economic Importarte® of Weathering 169
9.9 Summary 171
10 Mountain Building 172
10.1 The Mountain-Building Process 174
10.2 Voicanism 177
10.3 Folded and Fauifed Mountains 186
10.4 Earthquakes 192
10.5 Mountain Building and Society 198
10.6 Summary 199
11 Erosion 201
11.1 The Erosiona Work of Gravity 202
11.2 Wind Erosion 210
11.3 Glaciers 215
11.4 Water Erosion 228
11.5 Ground Water 241
11.6 Wave Action 246
11.7 Summary 247
12 Historical Geology 249
12.1 The Measurement of Geological Tsrrse 250
12.2 The Geologie Rock Record 251
12.3 The Geologic FossiS Record 254
12.4 The Geologic Time Scale 258
12.5 The Prec3ir.br;6fi Era 257
12.6 The Paleozoic Era 258
12.7
12.8
12.9
The Mesozoic Era
The Ceriozoic Era
Summary
262
265
267
THE ATMOSPHERE
13 Introduction to the Atmosphere 271
13.1 Introduction to Meteorology as a Science 271
13.2 The Atmosphere 273
13.3 Weather-Producing Mechanisms 277
13.4 Atmospheric Variables 283
13.5 Clouds 292
13.6 Summary 294
14 Air Movement and Air Masses 298
14.1 Circulation of the Atmosphere 298
14.2 Air Masses 307
14.3 Weather Fronts 310
14.4 Storms 320
14.5 Summary 327
15 Climate and Life on the Earth 329
15.1 The Seasons 331
15.2 Climates of the World 333
15.3 Weather Forecasting 348
15.4 Summary 352
16 Air Pollution and Weather Modification 357
16.1 Air Pollution and Society 357
16.2 Types of Air Pollution 359
16.3 Effects of Air Pollution 362
16.4 Dispersion of Smog 366
16.5 Control of Air Pollution 366
16.6 Weather Modification 368
16.7 History of Weather Modification 368
16.8 Methods of Weather Modification 370
16.9 Problems of Weather Modification 374
16.10 Summary 375
THE OCEANS
17 Introduction to Oceanography 381
17.1 The Importance of the Oceans 381
17.2 Exploration of Inner Space 389
17.3 Physical Characteristics of the Sea 394
17.4 Summary 395
18 Seawater and Its Properties 397
18.1 Chemical Properties of Ocean Water 397
18.2 Physical Properties of Ocean Water 402
18.3 The Sea and the Climate 410
18.4 Summary 412
19 The Restless Sea 414
19.1 Measurement of Ocean Currents 414
19.2 Circulation of Ocean Currents 417
19.3 Forces Causing Sea Circulation Patterns 419
19.4 Tides 423
19.5 Wave Activity 429
19.6 Summary 435
20 Water Pollution 437
20.1 Water and Man 437
20.2 Polluted Waters 438
20.3 Forms of Pollution 439
20.4 Solving the Problem 446
20.5 Summary 450
APPENDIXES
1 Units of Measure: Metric and English Equivalents 453
2 Temperature Scales 455
3 Nomograms of Height, Length, and Temperature 456
4 The Beaufort Scale of Wind (Nautical) 457
5 Mineral Identification Key 459
GLOSSARY 462
INDEX
477
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