The origin of stars and planetary systems: [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998]
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| Format: | Tagungsbericht Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Dordrecht <<[u.a.]>>
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1999
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| Schriftenreihe: | NATO science series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences
540 |
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| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 718 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792359089 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The origin of stars and planetary systems |b [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |c ed. by Charles J. Lada ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht <<[u.a.]>> |b Kluwer |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 718 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a NATO science series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences |v 540 | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)1071861417 |a Konferenzschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lada, Charles J. |4 edt | |
| 711 | 2 | |a Advanced Study Institute on the Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution |n 2 |d 1998 |j Sonstige |0 (DE-588)5342185-1 |4 oth | |
| 810 | 2 | |a NATO |t NATO science series |p C |v 540 |w (DE-604)BV000902768 |9 540 | |
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| _version_ | 1804140309271019520 |
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| adam_text | THE ORIGIN OF STARS AND PLANETARY SYSTEMS EDITED BY CHARLES J. LADA
HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS, CAMBRIDGE, MA, U.S.A. AND
NIKOLAOS D. KYLAFIS DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CRETE,
HERAKLION, CRETE, GREECE 1 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT /
BOSTON / LONDON PUBLISHED IN COOPERATION WITH NATO SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS
DIVISION TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE XIX PARTICIPANTS XXIII I. THE NATURE
OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS AND THEIR RELATION TO STAR FORMATION 1 MOLECULAR
CLOUDS LEO BLITZ AND JONATHAN P. WILLIAMS 1. INTRODUCTION ; 3 2.
FORMATION OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS 4 2.1. GALAXY SCALE ISSUES 4 2.2. THE
CHAFF 7 2.3. THE ASSOCIATION OF ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR GAS 10 3. CLOUD
STRUCTURE 12 3.1. CATEGORIZATION 12 3.2. STRUCTURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
14 3.3. CLUMPS 16 3.4. FRACTAL STRUCTURES 19 3.5. DEPARTURES FROM
SELF-SIMILARITY 20 4. THE RELATION BETWEEN CLOUD STRUCTURE AND THE IMF
23 5. SUMMARY 25 THE DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF GIANT
MOLECULAR CLOUDS CHRISTOPHER F. MCKEE 1. INTRODUCTION: THE OBSERVED
CHARACTERISTICS OF GMCS 29 1.1. CHEMICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 30 1.2.
DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES 31 1.3. STAR FORMATION IN GMCS 33 2. DYNAMICAL
STRUCTURE OF GMCS 34 2.1. THE VIRIAL THEOREM 34 2.2. ARE GMCS
GRAVITATIONALLY BOUND? 36 2.3. ISOTHERMAL CLOUDS 39 2.4. MAGNETIC FIELDS
VS. GRAVITY 40 2.4.1. MAGNETIC CRITICAL MASS 40 2.4.2. TOROIDAL FIELDS.
42 2.4.3. CLOUDS SUPPORTED BY BOTH MAGNETIC AND GAS PRESSURE 43 2.4.4.
ARE CLOUDS MAGNETICALLY SUPERCRITICAL? THEORY 45 2.4.5. OBSERVATION OF
MAGNETICALLY SUPERCRITICAL CLOUDS 45 2.5. MHD WAVES IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS
47 VI 2.5.1. WAVE PRESSURE 47 2.5.2. WAVE DAMPING ...49 2.6. POLYTROPIC
MODELS FOR MOLECULAR CLOUDS 50 2.6.1. STRUCTURE OF POLYTROPES 50 2.6.2.
STABILITY OF POLYTROPES: LOCALLY ADIABATIC COMPONENTS 51 2.6.3.
STABILITY OF POLYTROPES: GLOBALLY ADIABATIC COMPONENTS 53 2.6.4.
MULTI-PRESSURE AND COMPOSITE POLYTROPES 54 2.7. MODELING TURBULENCE IN
MOLECULAR CLOUDS 56 3. EVOLUTION OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS AND STAR FORMATION
57 3.1. FORMATION OF GMCS 57 3.2. DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF GMCS 58 3.3.
PHOTOIONIZATION-REGULATED STAR FORMATION 61 4. CONCLUSION 63 PHYSICAL
CONDITIONS IN NEARBY MOLECULAR CLOUDS PHILIP C. MYERS 1. INTRODUCTION 67
2. NEARBY MOLECULAR CLOUDS 67 2.1. MOLECULAR CLOUD CONSTITUENTS 69 2.2.
CLOUD DIVERSITY 72 2.3. DENSITY PROBES 73 3. DENSE CORES 74 3.1. STAR
FORMATION 76 3.2. ELONGATION 76 3.3. VIRIAL BALANCE 77 3.4. IONIZATION
AND FIELD-NEUTRAL COUPLING 80 3.5. LINE WIDTH-SIZE RELATIONS 81 3.6.
ASSOCIATED STARS 82 3.7. CORE SIZE 82 3.8. TEMPERATURE 83 3.9. EXTERNAL
EXCITATION OF CORE TURBULENCE 83 4. CLUSTER-FORMING CORES 83 4.1. MODELS
OF CLUSTERED STAR FORMATION 83 4.2. OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF YOUNG
CLUSTERS 85 4.3. KERNEL MODEL 86 5. INWARD MOTIONS IN DENSE CORES 87
5.1. INFALL ASYMMETRY 88 5.2. INFALL ASYMMETRY IN STARLESS CORES 90 5.3.
TURBULENT COOLING FLOWS 92 6. SUMMARY 93 VLL MODELS AND OBSERVATIONS OF
THE CHEMISTRY NEAR YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS EWINE F. VAN DISHOECK AND
MICHIEL R. HOGERHEIJDE 1. INTRODUCTION .97 2. GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY 101
2.1. BASIC MOLECULAR PROCESSES 101 2.2. GAS-PHASE NETWORKS 104 2.3.
GAS-PHASE MODELS 105 2.3.1. DEPTH-DEPENDENT VS. TIME-DEPENDENT MODELS
105 2.3.2. THE C + - C - CO TRANSITION 106 2.4. FRACTIONATION 107 2.5.
SUCCESSES AND PROBLEMS 108 3. GRAIN-SURFACE CHEMISTRY 108 3.1. BASIC
SURFACE PROCESSES 108 3.2. THERMAL PROCESSING AND EVAPORATION 110 3.3.
NON-THERMAL DESORPTION ILL 3.4. ENERGETIC PROCESSING ILL 3.5. POLAR AND
APOLAR ICES 112 3.6. GAS-GRAIN MODELS 112 3.7. SUCCESSES AND PROBLEMS
113 4. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR ABUNDANCES 113 4.1. OBSERVATIONAL
TECHNIQUES 113 4.1.1. ROTATIONAL LINE EMISSION AT (SUB-)MILLIMETER
WAVELENGTHS 113 4.1.2. VIBRATIONAL ABSORPTION AT INFRARED WAVELENGTHS
115 4.2. CONSTRAINING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE 116 4.3. FROM OBSERVATIONS
TO ABUNDANCES 117 5. CHEMISTRY IN PRE-STELLAR CORES 118 5.1. TRANSLUCENT
CLOUDS 119 5.2. DARK CLOUD CORES 120 5.3. IONIZATION FRACTION 122 6.
CHEMISTRY IN COLD ENVELOPES AROUND YSOS 122 6.1. MODELS 122 6.2.
OBSERVATIONS 123 7. CHEMISTRY IN WARM ENVELOPES AROUND NEWLY-FORMED
STARS 124 7.1. WARM ENVELOPES 124 7.2. HOT CORE REGIONS 125 7.3. OUTFLOW
REGIONS 127 8. EXAMPLES 128 8.1. AN INTERMEDIATE-MASS CLASS 0 YSO IN
SERPENS 128 8.2. THE W 3 MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGION 132 9. CHEMISTRY IN
CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS 134 10. CONCLUDING REMARKS 134 VLLL II. THE ORIGIN
AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF LOW MASS STARS 141 THE FORMATION OF LOW MASS
STARS: AN OBSERVATIONAL OVERVIEW CHARLES J. LADA *1. INTRODUCTION . 143
2. STELLAR OBSERVATIONS: THE FOSSIL RECORD 145 2.1. ASSOCIATIONS AND
CLUSTERS 145 2.2. MULTIPLICITY 146 2.3. THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION 147
2.4. THE HR DIAGRAM AND EARLY STELLAR EVOLUTION 150 3. GIANT MOLECULAR
CLOUDS: SITES STAR FORMATION 152 3.1. OB ASSOCIATIONS AND GMCS 152 3.2.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GMCS 156 3.3. THE STRUCTURE OF GMCS: DENSE CORES
158 4. THE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS..-. 160 4.1. CLUSTERING 160 4.2.
MULTIPLICITY 164 4.3. THE INITIAL LUMINOSITY AND MASS FUNCTIONS 165 4.4.
SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION: THE EVOLUTIONARY STATUS AND NATURE OF YOUNG
STELLAR OBJECTS 170 4.4.1. THE EMBEDDED PHASE: PROTOSTARS 173 4.4.2. THE
REVEALED PHASE: PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE STARS 178 5. THE YSO EVOLUTIONARY
SEQUENCE 183 5.1. THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS 183 5.2. EPISODIC
ACCRETION? 186 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 187 LOW-MASS STAR FORMATION: THEORY
FRANK H. SHU, ANTHONY ALLEN, HSIEN SHANG, EVE C. OSTRIKER AND ZHI-YUN LI
1. MAGNETIC SUPPORT OF CLOUDS 193 2. FRAGMENTATION 195 3. EMPIRICAL
MEASUREMENTS OF THE MASS-TO-FLUX RATION 196 4. TURBULENT SUPPORT OF
MOLECULAR CLOUDS 198 5. FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS 201 6.
SUSTENANCE OF CLOUD TURBULENCE THROUGH YSO OUTFLOWS 202 7. A TOY MODEL
OFGMC STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION 204 8. FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF
MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES 210 9. THE PIVOTAL STATE 211 10. SELF-SIMILAR
COLLAPSE OF SINGULAR ISOTHERMAL TOROIDS 212 IX 11. MASS LOSS FROM STARS
AND DISKS 217 12. GENERALIZED X-WIND MODEL 219 13. SUMMARY 223 BIPOLAR
MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS R. BACHILLER & M. TAFALLA 1. INTRODUCTION 227 2.
DETERMINING OUTFLOW PROPERTIES FROM CO OBSERVATIONS 230 2.1. CO
SPECTROSCOPY 230 2.2. OUTFLOW PHYSICAL PARAMETERS 231 2.3. OUTFLOW
DUMPINESS 232 3. PROPERTIES OF CLASSICAL CO OUTFLOWS 233 3.1. OUTFLOW
GEOMETRY 234 3.2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND KINEMATICS OF THE OUTFLOW GAS
236 3.3. OUTFLOW ENERGETICS 238 4. PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY COLLIMATED CO
OUTFLOWS 239 4.1. GEOMETRY AND COLLIMATION 240 4.2. KINEMATICS AND
ENERGETICS 240 5. OUTFLOW EVOLUTION 244 5.1. CHANGES IN OUTFLOW
COLLIMATION 245 5.2. CHANGES IN THE KINEMATICS AND ENERGETICS 246 5.3.
CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF THE OUTFLOW GAS 248
5.4. AN EMPIRICAL TIME SEQUENCE OF LOW-MASS OUTFLOWS 248 6. SHOCK
EFFECTS 249 6.1. SHOCK HEATING 249 6.2. SHOCK CHEMISTRY 250 6.3.
OBSERVATIONS OF SHOCK CHEMISTRY IN LI 157 252 7. PROPERTIES OF THE
PRIMARY WIND 255 7.1. OBSERVATIONS 256 7.2. MODELS 257 7.2.1. MODELS OF
MOLECULAR GAS ACCELERATION 258 7.2.2. WIND LAUNCHING MODELS 260
HERBIG-HARO FLOWS BO REIPURTH & A.C. RAGA 1. INTRODUCTION , 267 2.
HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS 267 2.1. OPTICAL SPECTRA
267 2.2. INFRARED SPECTRA AND IMAGES 271 2.3. ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA 274 3.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND KINEMATIC PROPERTIES OF JETS 274 4. THEHH 111 JET
COMPLEX 278 5. GIANT HERBIG-HARO JETS 281 5.1. THEGIANTHH 111 JETCOMPLEX
283 5.2. THE IMPORTANCE OF GIANT HH FLOWS 285 6. IRRADIATED JETS 287
7. JETS FROM MASSIVE STARS 288 8. THEORETICAL MODELS OF HH OBJECTS 290
8.1. BASIC THEORETICAL IDEAS 290 8.2. PLANE-PARALLEL AND BOW SHOCKS 291
8.3. WORKING SURFACES 292 8.4. STEADY JETS 294 8.5. INSTABILITIES IN JET
BEAMS 294 8.6. JETS FROM VARIABLE SOURCES 295 8.7. COMPARING MODELS AND
OBSERVATIONS OF HH JETS 297 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND STAR FORMATION: A THEORY
REACHING ADULTHOOD TELEMACHOS CH. MOUSCHOVIAS & GLENN E. CIOLEK 1.
INTRODUCTION - A MODERN THEORY OF STAR FORMATION 305 2. FIVE-FLUID MHD
DESCRIPTION OF PROTOSTAR FORMATION 308 2.1. PHYSICAL ORIGIN OF THE
FIVE-FLUID EQUATIONS 308 2.2. REDUCTION OF THE FIVE-FLUID EQUATIONS:
FLUX-FREEZING IN THE PLASMA 313 2.3. GRAIN MOTION AND ATTACHMENT TO THE
MAGNETIC FIELD 314 2.4. MODIFICATION OF THE ION ATTACHMENT PARAMETER BY
GRAINS 315 3. TWO FLUID DESCRIPTION OF PROTOSTAR FORMATION 315 3.1.
BASIC EQUATIONS 315 3.2. AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS,
AND TIMESCALES 316 3.3. MAGNETIC BRAKING 308 4. RESULTS OF TWO-FLUID
DESCRIPTION OF PROTOSTAR FORMATION 319 4.1. AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION IN
NONROTATING MODELS 320 4.2. ROTATING MODELS: AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION AND
MAGNETIC BRAKING 324 5. PROTOSTAR FORMATION IN THE FOUR-FLUID
APPROXIMATION 327 5.1. MAIN EFFECTS OF GRAINS 327 5.2. DETAILED
COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS 332 5.3. EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
332 6. HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES, LINEWIDTHS, AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION, AND STAR
FORMATION 333 7. SUMMARY 334 8. APPENDIX: RELEVANT CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN
THE PRESENCE OF UV IONIZATION 336 XI THE NATURE OF YOUNG SOLAR-TYPE
STARS FRANGOIS MENARD & CLAUDE BERTOUT 1. INTRODUCTION 341 1.1. YOUNG
SOLAR-TYPE STARS: THE DIFFERENT FLAVORS 341 1.1.1. TTAURI STARS 342
1.1.2. FUORISTARS 344 1.2. THE CASE FOR STELLAR YOUTH 345 1.2.1.
ASSOCIATION WITH OB ASSOCIATIONS AND MOLECULAR CLOUDS 345 1.2.2.
LOCATION IN THE HRD AND LITHIUM ABUNDANCE 346 2. THE NATURE OF TTS
PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY 347 2.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 347 2.2.
LONG-TERM VARIABILITY 348 2.3. MID-TERM VARIABILITY 348 2.3.1. TYPE I:
ROTATIONAL MODULATION CAUSED BY COLD MAGNETIC SPOTS 349 2.3.2. TYPES II
AND UP: VARIABILITY CAUSED BY COLD AND HOT SPOTS 350 2.3.3. TYPE III:
VARIABLE OBSCURATION BY CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST? 351 2.3.4. ARE THERE OTHER
MID-TERM VARIABILITY COMPONENTS? 352 2.4. SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY 354
2.5. CONCLUSIONS 355 3. THE PHYSICS OF CTTS ACCRETION DISKS 355 3.1.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 356 3.2. GLOBAL DISK OBSERVABLES 358 3.3. DIRECT
OBSERVATIONS OF ACCRETION DISKS 360 3.3.1. CONCLUDING REMARKS 364 3.4..
STRUCTURE OF THE STAR-DISK INTERACTION ZONE 365 3.4.1.
SPECTRO-PHOTOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR MAGNETO- SPHERIC ACCRETION 365 3.4.2.
IS THERE AN APPROPRIATE STELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD? 366 3.4.3. STELLAR
ANGULAR MOMENTUM EVOLUTION . 366 3.4.4. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTIVE 367
THE EVOLUTION OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS FRANCESCO PALLA 1. THE
CLASSICAL THEORY OF PRE : MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION 375 1.1. BASIC RESULTS
375 XLL 1.2. THE INFLUENCE OF PROTOSTELLAR EVOLUTION 377 1.3. THE
STELLAR BIRTHLINE 381 2. PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION 382 2.1.
PROTOSTELLAR INITIAL CONDITIONS 383 2.2. STELLAR STRUCTURE EQUATIONS
385 2.3. INPUT PHYSICS 387 2.3.1. EQUATION OF STATE 387 2.3.2. OPACITY
388 2.3.3. TREATMENT OF CONVECTION 390 2.3.4. NUCLEAR REACTIONS 390 3. A
NEW H-R DIAGRAM 391 3.1. LOW-MASS STARS: 392 3.2. INTERMEDIATE-MASS
STARS: 393 3.3. MASSIVE STARS: 395 4. TESTS TO PMS EVOLUTIONARY DIAGRAMS
397 4.1. COMPARISON OF TRACKS 398 4.2. LITHIUM DEPLETION 399 4.3.
EFFECTS OF MASS ACCRETION 400 4.4. EFFECTS OF BINARIES 403 4.5. THE
INSTABILITY STRIP FOR PMS STARS 404 UI. THE ROLE OF CLUTERING IN STAR
FORMATION, THE ORIGIN OF MASSIVE STARS 409 OB ASSOCIATIONS A.G.A. BROWN,
A. BLAAUW AND R. HOOGERWERF, J.H.J. DE BRUIJNE AND P.T. DE ZEEUW 1.
INTRODUCTION 411 2. THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING OB ASSOCIATIONS 413 3. *
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF OB ASSOCIATIONS 415 4. RECENT RESEARCH 417
4.1. HIGH-MASS STARS , 417 4.2. LOW-MASS STARS 421 5. RESULTS FROM
HIPPARCOS 422 5.1. ASTROMETRIC MEMBERSHIP SELECTION 423 5.2. SELECTED
RESULTS 424 5.3. MEAN DISTANCES AND MOTIONS 430 6. GOULD S BELT AND THE
ORIGIN OF THE NEARBY ASSOCIATIONS 431 7. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 434 7.1.
THE NEARBY OB ASSOCIATIONS 434 7.2. BEYOND THE GALAXY 436 XLLL THE ROLE
OF EMBEDDED CLUSTERS IN STAR FORMATION ELIZABETH A. LADA 1. INTRODUCTION
441 2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF STAR FORMATION IN GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS 442
3. PROPERTIES OF EMBEDDED CLUSTERS 451 3.1. DEFINITION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF EMBEDDED CLUSTERS 451 3.2. STELLAR DENSITIES AND
STRUCTURE 452 3.3. THE BINARY FRACTION IN YOUNG CLUSTERS 455 3.4.
NEAR-INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS 457 4. THE FORMATION OF EMBEDDED
CLUSTERS 461 5. FATE OF EMBEDDED CLUSTERS 464 6. CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN
CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTS 465 6.1. NEAR-INFRARED STUDIES OF CIRCUMSTELLAR
DISKS 467 6.2. MILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS
AND DISK MASSES 470 MULTIPLE STELLAR SYSTEMS: FROM BINARIES TO CLUSTERS
IAN A. BONNELL 1. INTRODUCTION 479 2. OBSERVATIONS OF BINARY SYSTEMS 480
2.1. MAIN SEQUENCE BINARIES 480 2.2. PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE BINARIES 480 3.
BINARY FORMATION THEORIES: FISSION AND CAPTURE 481 3.1. FISSION 481 3.2.
CAPTURE 482 3.3. STAR-DISC CAPTURE , 483 4. BINARY FORMATION THROUGH
FRAGMENTATION 484 4.1. GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE AND FRAGMENTATION 484 4.2.
FRAGMENTATION DURING COLLAPSE 488 4.3. DISC FRAGMENTATION 490 5. EARLY
EVOLUTION OF BINARY SYSTEMS 493 5.1. ACCRETION IN BINARY SYSTEMS 494
5.2. STAR-DISC INTERACTIONS IN BINARY SYSTEMS 494 6. IMPLICATIONS OF
BINARY STAR FORMATION 496 7. STELLAR CLUSTERS 496 7.1. FORMATION
MECHANISM 497 7.2. CLUSTER DYNAMICS 498 7.2.1. VIOLENT RELAXATION 500
7.2.2. MASS SEGREGATION 501 7.3. ACCRETION AND STELLARMASSES 503 7.4.
FORMATION OF MASSIVE STARS 505 7.5. CLUSTER DISSOLUTION 507 XIV 8.
BINARY STARS IN CLUSTERS 508 9. SUMMARY 509 MASSIVE STAR FORMATION ED
CHURCHWELL 1. INTRODUCTION 515 2. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF MSF REGIONS 516
3. MORPHOLOGIES, AGES, AND DYNAMICS OF UC HII REGIONS 517 3.1. CHAMPAGNE
FLOW BLISTER MODELS 518 3.2. IN-FALL MODELS 518 3.3. PHOTO-EVAPORATING
DISK MODEL 519 3.4. PRESSURE CONFINED UC HII REGIONS 520 3.5. STELLAR
WIND SUPPORTED BOW SHOCK MODEL 521 3.6. MASS-LOADED STELLAR WINDS 522 4.
THE ANGULAR EXPANSION RATE OF G5.89-0.39 523 5. DUST ASSOCIATED WITH UC
HII REGIONS 524 6. HOT MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES 526 7. HARD X-RAY EMISSION
FROM MSF REGIONS 528 8. MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS ASSOCIATED WITH MSF 530 8.1.
THE FREQUENCY OF OUTFLOWS FROM MSF REGIONS 530 8.2. MOLECULAR BIPOLAR
OUTFLOW PROPERTIES 531 8.3. ISSUES RAISED BY MASSIVE OUTFLOWS 539 8.4.
ORIGIN OF THE MASS IN MASSIVE OUTFLOWS 540 8.4.1. ACCUMULATED STELLAR
WINDS 540 8.4.2. ENTRAINED ISM IN STELLAR BIPOLAR JETS 542 8.4.3.
SWEPT-UPISM 544 8.4.4. ACCRETION DRIVEN OUTFLOWS 546 9. SUMMARY 548
MASERS IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS N.D. KYLAFIS AND K.G. PAVLAKIS 1.
INTRODUCTION 553 2. BASIC CONCEPTS 554 2.1. AMPLIFICATION 555 2.2.
SATURATION 555 2.3. THERMALIZATION 556 2.4. BEAMING 556 2.5. GEOMETRY
AND APPARENT SIZE 557 2.5.1. ELONGATED STRUCTURES 558 2.5.2. NEARLY
SPHERICAL STRUCTURES 558 2.6. VARIABILITY 558 XV 2.7. SPECTRA AND LINE
WIDTHS 559 2.8. POLARIZATION 560 3. LABORATORY VERSUS ASTRONOMICAL
MASERS 560 4. USEFULNESS OF MASERS 561 5. MASER MODELS 562 5.1.
REQUIREMENTS 562 5.2. BASIC EQUATIONS.. 563 5.3. COLLISIONAL AND
RADIATIVE PUMPING 563 6. MASERS IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS 564 6.1. OH
MASERS 564 6.1.1. OBSERVATIONS 565 6.1.2. THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS 566
6.2. H 2 O MASERS 567 6.2.1. OBSERVATIONS 568 6.2.2. THEORETICAL
CALCULATIONS 568 7. LOCATION OF MASERS 569 8. CONCLUSIONS 571 IV. THE
PHYSICS OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AND PLANET FORMATION 577 CIRCUMSTELLAR
DISKS STEVEN V.W. BECKWITH 1. INTRODUCTION 579 2. THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM
580 3. HOW DO WE KNOW THAT DISKS EXIST? 581 4. SPECTRAL ENERGY
DISTRIBUTIONS 585 4.1. FLAT, BLACK DISKS 586 4.2. . MODIFYING THE DISK
SHAPE, FLARING 593 4.3. EXCEPTIONS: FLAT SPECTRUM SOURCES 596 4.4. VERY
LONG WAVELENGTH EMISSION: MEASURING DISK MASS 600 4.5. SUMMARY 602 5.
PROPERTIES OF DISKS 603 5.1. HOW MANY YOUNG STARS HAVE DISKS? 603 5.2.
DISK LIFETIMES 604 5.3. DISK MASSES 604 5.4. PARTICLE SIZES 606 6. ARE
DISKS IMPORTANT? 608 XVI ACCRETION DISKS AND ERUPTIVE PHENOMENA SCOTT J.
KENYON 1. INTRODUCTION 613 2. STEADY DISKS.. 616 2.1. ACCRETION
LUMINOSITIES AND TEMPERATURES 616 2.2. TURBULENT VISCOSITY AND DISK
TIMESCALES 621 2.3. DISK ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS 623 3. UNSTABLE ACCRETION
DISKS 624 4. DISK ERUPTIONS IN PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE STARS 628 4.1. BASIC
PROPERTIES OF FU ORIONIS OBJECTS 630 4.2. FU ORIONIS OBJECTS AS
ACCRETION DISKS 632 4.3. OBSERVATIONAL TESTS OF DISK MODELS 633 4.4. THE
IMPORTANCE OF FU ORI ERUPTIONS 636 THE FORMATION OF PLANETS STEVEN P.
RUDEN 1. INTRODUCTION 643 1.1. OVERVIEW: FROM DUST TO PLANETS 644 1.2.
FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 646 2. STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF DISKS 647
2.1. THE MINIMUM-MASS SOLAR NEBULA (MMSN) 649 2.2. NONLINEAR NATURE OF
DISK PHYSICS 652 3. FROM GRAINS TO PLANETESIMALS 652 3.1. PARTICLE-GAS
DYNAMICS 652 3.2. MIDPLANE SETTLING AND GROWTH 655 3.2.1. RADIAL
DISTRIBUTION OF SOLIDS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS 657 ,,3.3. PLANETESIMAL
FORMATION 658 3.4. PROSPECTS FOR OBSERVING THE EARLY PLANET FORMATION
EPOCH 660 3.5. FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 661 4. FROM PLANETESIMAL TO
PLANET 662 4.1. ORDERLY GROWTH 663 4.2. RUNAWAY GROWTH 664 4.3. FINAL
ACCUMULATION STAGES 667 4.4. FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 667 5. THE
FORMATION OF GAS GIANT PLANETS 668 5.1. THE CORE-INSTABILITY SCENARIO
668 5.2. TIDAL INTERACTION 671 5.3. TIDAL MIGRATION... 673 5.4. THE
SURVIVAL OF GIANT PLANETS 675 5.5. FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 677 XVN
EXTRASOLAR PLANETS: TECHNIQUES, RESULTS, AND THE FUTURE G. W. MARCY AND
R.P. BUTLER 1. INTRODUCTION.....: 681 2. THE DOPPLER DETECTION TECHNIQUE
683 3. DOPPLER RESULTS: PROPERTIES OF THE CANDIDATE PLANETS 685 3.1.
GIANT PLANETS ORBITING WITHIN 0.1 AU 687 3.2. MASS DISTRIBUTION OF
PLANETARY COMPANIONS 689 3.3. SEMIMAJOR AXES OF JUPITER-MASS COMPANIONS
691 3.4. ORBITAL ECCENTRICITY OF JUPITER-MASS COMPANIONS 693 3.5.
METALLICITY 695 4. FORMATION OF GIANT PLANETS 698 5. FUTURE
PLANET-DETECTION TECHNIQUES 699 5.1. TRANSITS AND MICROLENSING 699 5.2.
ASTROMETRY 700 5.3. MICROLENSING 701 5.4. SPACE-BORNE NULLING
INTERFEROMETRY 702 6. SUMMARY 702
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Lada, Charles J. |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | c j l cj cjl |
| author_facet | Lada, Charles J. |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV024121948 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)247526018 (DE-599)BVBBV024121948 |
| dewey-full | 523.88 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 523 - Specific celestial bodies and phenomena |
| dewey-raw | 523.88 |
| dewey-search | 523.88 |
| dewey-sort | 3523.88 |
| dewey-tens | 520 - Astronomy and allied sciences |
| discipline | Physik |
| format | Conference Proceeding Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV024121948 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:57:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)5342185-1 |
| isbn | 0792359089 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXXII, 718 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
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| publisher | Kluwer |
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| series2 | NATO science series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences |
| spelling | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] ed. by Charles J. Lada ... Dordrecht <<[u.a.]>> Kluwer 1999 XXXII, 718 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier NATO science series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 540 (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Lada, Charles J. edt Advanced Study Institute on the Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution 2 1998 Sonstige (DE-588)5342185-1 oth NATO NATO science series C 540 (DE-604)BV000902768 540 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018338670&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |
| title_auth | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |
| title_exact_search | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |
| title_full | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] ed. by Charles J. Lada ... |
| title_fullStr | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] ed. by Charles J. Lada ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The origin of stars and planetary systems [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] ed. by Charles J. Lada ... |
| title_short | The origin of stars and planetary systems |
| title_sort | the origin of stars and planetary systems proceedings of the nato advanced study institute on the physics of star formation and early evolution ii crete greece 24 may 5 june 1998 |
| title_sub | [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Physics of Star Formation and Early Evolution II, Crete, Greece, 24 May - 5 June, 1998] |
| topic_facet | Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018338670&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000902768 |
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