Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam <<[u.a.]>>
Elsevier
2004
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| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry
42 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 800 s. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0444507388 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |c ed. by K. Janssens ... |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam <<[u.a.]>> |b Elsevier |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 800 s. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |v 42 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140306117951488 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials
Autor: Janssens, Koen
Jahr: 2004
Contents
Contributors to Volume XLII..........................................vi
Volumes in the Series..................................................xi
Series Editor s Preface................................................xxv
Preface................................xxvii
Chapter 1. Introduction and overview..................................1
K. Janssens and R. Van Grieken
1.1 Introduction................................................1
1.2 Overview of the analytical reference section................5
1.3 Overview of the case studies section........................7
References ........................................................10
PARTI. ANALYTICAL REFERENCE SECTION
Chapter 2. UV-, IR- and X-ray imaging................................15
Franz Mairinger
2.1 Scientific investigations of works of arts and crafts .... 15
2.2 Application of electromagnetic radiation for the
examination of cultural heritage objects....................16
2.3 Instrumental basis..........................................16
2.3.1 Light and radiation sources........................17
2.3.2 Imaging ............................................25
2.3.3 Sensor systems......................................33
2.3.4 Sensor subsystems..................................41
2.4 Surface examinations ......................................44
2.4.1 Surface examinations with ultraviolet radiation . . 45
2.4.2 Instrumental techniques for UV-fluorescence
photography........................................46
2.4.3 Instrumental techniques for reflected UV
photography........................................46
2.4.4 Application of UV-fluorescence photography .... 47
2.4.5 Application of UV photography....................48
2.5 Depth examinations........................................49
2.5.1 Depth examinations with infrared radiation . ... 50
2.5.2 Depth examinations with X-rays and gamma-rays . 54
References ........................................................66
xiii
Contents
Chapter 3. Electron microscopy and its role in cultural
heritage studies..........................
A. Adriaens and M.G. Dowsett
3.1 Introduction........................
3.1.1 Why use electron microscopy?...........
3.1.2 Imaging with electrons...............
3.1.3 Varieties of electron microscopy..........
3.1.4 Recent developments in commercial SEM.....
3.2 The interaction of electrons with
a solid—contrast mechanisms...............
3.2.1 Scattering.....................
3.2.2 Secondary electron emission............
3.2.3 Backscattered electrons..............
3.2.4 Cathodoluminescence ...............
3.2.5 Core-level excitation and X-ray or
Auger emission...................
3.2.6 Electron energy loss spectroscopy.........
3.2.7 Diffraction in TEM.................
3.2.8 Image contrast in TEM ..............
3.3 Components and optics of electron
microscopes.........................
3.3.1 Basic optics.....................
3.3.2 The electron gun..................
3.3.3 Focusing an electron beam.............
3.3.4 Newtonian lens model...............
3.3.5 The magnetic prism................
3.3.6 Detectors......................
3.4 Sample preparation techniques..............
3.5 Origin/provenance studies.................
3.5.1 Ceramics..............
3.5.2 Glass.............!!!!!!!. !!!
3.6 Technology and techniques of manufacture
3.6.1 Seals................
3.6.2 Ceramics................
3.6.3 Glass...............
3.6.4 Metals..........
3.7 Use.............................
3.8 Degradation processes, corrosion and
weathering..........
3.8.1 Metals.......
73
73
73
73
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
88
91
92
92
92
93
95
97
98
102
104
104
105
106
106
107
113
114
117
118
119
xiv
Contents
3.8.2 Glass................................................119
3.8.3 Ceramics............................................120
3.9 Authenticity and authentication............................121
3.10 Conclusions ................................................123
Acknowledgements................................................124
References ........................................................124
Chapter 4. X-ray based methods of analysis..........................129
K. Janssens
4.1 Introduction................................................129
4.2 Basic principles..............................................131
4.2.1 X-ray wavelength and energy scales................131
4.2.2 Interaction of X-rays with matter..................131
4.2.3 The photoelectric effect; X-ray
fluorescence..........................................133
4.2.4 Scattering and diffraction..........................137
4.2.5 X-ray absorption fine structure and
spectroscopy........................................143
4.3 Instrumentation for X-ray investigations..................147
4.3.1 X-ray sources........................................148
4.3.2 X-ray detectors......................................155
4.3.3 X-ray fluorescence instrumentation................164
4.3.4 XRD instrumentation ..............................186
4.3.5 XAS instrumentation at SR beamlines..............193
4.4 A survey of applications of X-ray methods in the cultural
heritage sector..............................................194
4.4.1 Compositional analysis of historic glass............195
4.4.2 Pigments............................................195
4.4.3 Lustre ware ........................................200
4.4.4 Metallic artefacts....................................202
4.4.5 Analysis of graphic documents......................206
4.4.6 Mn oxidation in odontolites ........................210
4.4.7 Therapeutic and cosmetical chemicals
of Ancient Egypt....................................211
4.5 Conclusion..................................................215
Acknowledgements................................................216
A4.1 Figures-of-merit for XRF spectrometers....................217
A4.1.1 Analytical sensitivity................................217
A4.1.2 Detection and determination limits................217
References ........................................................219
XV
Contents
227
Chapter 5. Ion beam microanalysis..................
T. Calligaro, J.-C. Dran and J. Salomon
5.1 Historical background and motivation......................227
5.2 Fundamentals of ion beam analysis........................228
5.2.1 Interaction of radiations with matter..............230
5.2.2 Particle-induced X-ray emission....................287
5.2.3 Elastic scattering of particles ......................244
5.2.4 Nuclear reaction analysis ..........................246
5.3 Specific arrangements for the study of art and
archaeological objects ......................................251
5.3.1 External beams......................................251
5.3.2 Nuclear microprobes................................253
5.3.3 Micro and macro-imaging..........................255
5.3.4 Portable systems....................................233
5.4 Applications in the field of art and archaeology............257
5.4.1 Materials identification............................257
5.4.2 Provenance of the materials........................263
5.4.3 Alteration phenomena..............................266
5.4.4 Authentication and relative dating..................267
5.5 Survey of worldwide IBA activity in the field of
cultural heritage............................................268
5.6 Conclusion and future prospects............................268
References .................... ...............271
Chapter 6. X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy . . . 277
Annick Hubin and Herman Terryn
6.1 Introduction..............................................277
6.2 The basic concepts of XPS and AES........................279
6.2.1 Principle of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy . . . 279
6.2.2 Principle of Auger electron spectroscopy............282
6.3 XPS and AES instruments................................286
6.3.1 General set-up......................................286
6.3.2 The vacuum system..........................287
6.3.3 The X-ray source for XPS ..........* 289
6.3.4 The electron gun for AES ....................290
6.3.5 Detection of electron energy..................291
6.3.6 The ion gun ..................................294
6.3.7 The sample holder and stage........................295
6.4 Sample requirements ................9qfi
xvi
Contents
6.5 Information in XPS and AES spectra......................297
6.5.1 Surface analysis....................................297
6.5.2 Qualitative analysis................................297
6.5.3 Quantitative analysis ..............................298
6.5.4 Chemical analysis..................................301
6.5.5 In-depth analysis ..................................303
6.5.6 Data analysis ......................................306
6.5.7 Imaging ............................................306
6.6 Comparison of XPS, AES and other surface
analytical techniques........................................308
6.7 XPS and AES for chemical analysis of
cultural heritage materials....................308
Acknowledgements....................................311
References ........................................................311
Chapter 7. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry........................................................313
Teresa E. Jeffries
7.1 Introduction................................................313
7.2 The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer .... 314
7.2.1 Historical account..................................314
7.2.2 Operational rationale................................315
7.2.3 The inductively coupled plasma....................317
7.2.4 The plasma sampling interface ....................321
7.2.5 Ion focusing ........................................323
7.2.6 Quadrupole mass analyser..........................323
7.2.7 The vacuum system................................327
7.2.8 Ion detection and signal handling..................329
7.3 Laser ablation: essential components......................329
7.3.1 Development of the laser............................329
7.3.2 The association of lasers with ICP-MS..............331
7.3.3 Stimulated emission................................333
7.3.4 Nd:YAG laser (resonator) cavity....................334
7.3.5 Harmonic generation................................337
7.3.6 Harmonic separation................................338
7.3.7 Energy attenuation and control......................340
7.3.8 Beam delivery and viewing optics..................341
7.3.9 Ablation cell and sample transport ................342
7.4 Analytical concepts and factors affecting analysis..........343
7.4.1 Why use the technique?............................343
xvii
Contents
7.4.2 Sample preparation and mounting..................344
7.4.3 Analysis of transient signals........................345
7.4.4 Factors affecting analysis ..........................347
7.4.5 Optimization and calibration........................350
7 4 6 Figures of merit and analytical performance
.... 352
targets .......................
7.5 Continuing developments and final remarks................355
7.5.1 Continuing developments ..........................355
7.5.2 Final remarks......................................356
References ........................................................357
Chapter 8. Infrared, Raman microscopy and fibre-optic
Raman spectroscopy (FORS)......................................339
Howell G.M. Edwards and Dalva L.A. de Faria
8.1 Introduction................................................359
8.2 Comparison of the potential use of IR and Raman
spectroscopies for the non-destructive analysis
of art works ................................................360
8.3 Some theoretical aspects of IR and Raman
spectroscopies ..............................................367
8.4 Instrumentation............................................373
8.5 Sampling . .................................................381
8.6 Resonance Raman..........................................387
8.7 SERS........................................................390
8.8 Intensity measurements in Raman scattering..............390
8.9 Raman spectroscopy with fibre optics......................392
8.9.1 Sampling considerations............................392
8.9.2 Probe design........................................392
8.9.3 Probe background..................................393
References ............................................393
Chapter 9. Secondary ion mass spectrometry. Application to
archaeology and art objects........................................397
Evelyne Darque-Ceretti and Marc Aucouturier
9.1 Introduction............................397
9.2 Principles and equipment............................399
9.2.1 Principles......................................399
9.2.2 Equipment and choice of analytical parameters . . 410
9.3 Analysis procedures..........................420
9.3.1 Elemental identification, sensitivity..............420
xviii
Contents
9.3.2 Quantitative analysis ..............................425
9.3.3 In-depth analysis and depth resolution............429
9.3.4 Surface analysis....................................435
9.3.5 Imaging, lateral resolution..........................438
9.3.6 Chemical compound analysis and distribution . . . 439
9.4 Examples of applications for cultural heritage..............440
9.4.1 Dating and/or provenance studies based
on isotopic analysis ................................440
9.4.2 Dating (not based on isotopic analysis) ............444
9.4.3 Provenance studies not based on isotopic
analysis ............................................447
9.4.4 Surface layer analysis on artefacts ................448
9.4.5 Interface studies on coated layers..................453
9.4.6 ToF-SIMS applications..............................455
9.5 Conclusion..................................................458
References ........................................................459
PART II, CASE STUDIES SECTION
Chapter 10. The non-destructive investigation of copper
alloy patinas ......................................................465
David A. Scott
10.1 A brief historical account ..................................465
10.2 Optical examination........................................467
10.3 Environmental scanning electron microscopy..............470
10.4 X-ray fluorescence analysis ................................474
10.5 Scanning X-ray fluorescence microanalysis................477
10.6 XRD analysis................................................480
10.7 FTIR spectroscopy..........................................485
10.8 Conclusions ................................................488
Acknowledgements................................................490
References ........................................................490
Chapter 11. Precious metals artefacts..................................493
G. Demortier
11.1 Introduction................................................493
11.2 Non-destructive analysis of gold jewellery items............493
11.2.1 Contribution of atomic and nuclear
(but non-radioactive) methods to the analysis
of ancient gold jewellery items......................493
xix
Contents
11.2.2 Illustration of the analytical performances of
non-vacuum PIXE for gold artefacts................496
11.3 The soldering of gold........................................498
11.3.1 Ancient recipes for gold soldering..................498
11.3.2 Iranian goldsmithery from the 4th century BC . . . 499
11.3.3 Tartesic gold artefacts..............................502
11.3.4 Later Iranian goldsmithery..........................506
11.3.5 Preparations of low-melting brazing alloys..........509
11.3.6 A new reading of Elder Pliny s Natural History . . 517
11.3.7 Italian jewellery....................................520
11.3.8 Gold artefacts from Slovenia........................521
11.3.9 The Guarrazar treasure............................525
11.3.10 Merovingian and late Byzantine jewellery..........528
11.4 Pre-Hispanic gold artefacts of Mesoamerica................530
11.4.1 Archaeological context..............................530
11.4.2 A selection of typical artefacts......................534
11.4.3 Differential PIXE....................................536
11.4.4 Application to the measurement of the gold
enhancement at the surface of tumbaga............538
11.5 Characterization of complex items..........................544
11.5.1 XRF induced by a y-ray source......................544
11.5.2 Gamma-ray transmission measurements..........544
11.5.3 Study of a composite gold jewellery artefact .... 545
11.6 Gold coins ..................................................548
11.6.1 Fineness measurements of gold coins..............548
11.6.2 Gold coins from the ancient world..................548
11.6.3 Gold coins from the new world......................556
11.7 Conclusions....................................55g
Acknowledgements............................................559
References ............................5^9
Chapter 12. Diagnostic methodology for the examination of Byzantine
frescoes and icons. Non-destructive investigation
and pigment identification..............................565
Sister Daniilia, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Dimitrios Bikiaris,
Christos Salpistis, Georgios Karagiannis and
Yannis Chryssoulakis
12.1 Introduction........................565
12.2 The Entry of the Mother of God into the Temple ! 566
12.2.1 Description ....
..............................000
xx
Contents
12.2.2 The preparation of the plaster: materials
and technique......................................567
12.2.3 The drawing........................................568
12.2.4 Materials and painting techniques..................570
12.2.5 Study of the colour palette..........................581
12.2.6 Conclusions ........................................584
12.3 Mother of God Hodegetria..................................585
12.3.1 Description..........................................585
12.3.2 Construction and state of preservation
of the support ......................................587
12.3.3 State of preservation of the surface................588
12.3.4 The ground..........................................592
12.3.5 The drawing........................................592
12.3.6 Materials and technique of the painting............593
12.3.7 Conclusions ........................................601
A12.1 Experimental details........................................602
A12.1.1 Non-destructive analysis..........................602
A12.1.2 Micro-sampling analysis..........................603
References ........................................................604
Chapter 13. The provenance of medieval silver coins: analysis with
EDXRF, SEM/EDX and PIXE......................................605
Robert Linke, Manfred Schreiner, Guy Demortier,
Michael Alram and Heinz Winter
13.1 Introduction................................................605
13.2 The Friesacher Pfennig ....................................606
13.2.1 Introduction........................................606
13.2.2 Experimental ......................................608
13.2.3 Results..............................................613
13.3 The Tiroler Kreuzer........................................622
13.3.1 Introduction........................................622
13.3.2 Experimental ......................................624
13.4 Conclusion..................................................629
Acknowledgements................................................630
References ........................................................630
Chapter 14. Pigment identification in illuminated manuscripts . . . 635
Peter Vandenabeele and Luc Moens
14.1 Introduction................................................635
XXI
Contents
14.2 Combined method approach..............
14.2.1 Analysis of manuscripts............................^
14.2.2 Sources of impurities................
14.3 Analysis of the manuscripts from the collection
of Raphael De Mercatellis..................................654
14.3.1 Introduction........................................654
14.3.2 Pigment identification with TXRF and MRS .... 655
14.3.3 Intra-manuscript comparison of Expositio
problematum Aristotelis............................657
14.3.4 Analysis oiDecretum Gratiani......................658
14.4 Conclusion..................................................659
Acknowledgements................................................660
References ........................................................660
Chapter 15. Provenance analysis of glass artefacts....................663
Bernard Gratuze and Koen Janssens
15.1 Introduction................................................663
15.2 Obsidian, a natural glass used since the Paleolithic era . . 665
15.3 Bronze and Iron age glasses................................670
15.3.1 Neolithic first artificial glassy materials and
the discovery of glass during Bronze Age..........670
15.3.2 When trade beads reached Europe..................671
15.3.3 Middle Bronze Age plant ash soda-lime glasses . . 672
15.3.4 Late Bronze Age mixed soda-potash glasses . . . 674
15.3.5 Iron Age and Antiquity natron soda-lime glasses . 675
15.3.6 Protohistoric glass trade routes....................678
15.3.7 Glass chrono-typo-chemical models:
a dating tool?........................................678
15.4 Glass trade towards and from Central Asia and
the Indian world during Antiquity..........................680
15.5 Carolingian glass production: some unusual lead
glass composition smoothers................................687
15.6 Late Middle Age recycled glass ...................691
15.7 Glass technology transfer during the 16th-17th century
to and from Antwerp..........................699
15.8 Trade beads: the glass trade internationalization,
during the Post-Medieval period....................702
15.9 Conclusions ......................7Q5
Acknowledgements................................706
References .................
xxii
Chapter 16. Corrosion of historic glass and enamels..................713
Manfred Schreiner
16.1 Introduction................................................713
16.2 The weathering of medieval stained glass..................716
16.2.1 SEM investigations of the corrosion phenomena
on naturally weathered medieval glass............719
16.2.2 The determination of hydrogen in the leached
surface layer by SIMS and NRA....................725
16.2.3 Leaching studies of glass with medieval
composition ........................................731
16.2.4 IRRAS investigations on leached glass with
medieval composition ..............................735
16.2.5 Weathering phenomena on glass with medieval
composition studied with TM-AFM ................738
16.3 The degradation of medieval enamels......................742
16.3.1 SEM investigations of the enamel of the
medieval goblets....................................745
16.4 Conclusion..................................................750
Acknowledgements................................................752
References ........................................................753
Chapter 17. A study of ancient manuscripts exposed to iron-gall
ink corrosion ......................................................755
Ewa Bulska and Barbara Wagner
17.1 Introduction................................................755
17.1.1 Iron-gall ink........................................756
17.1.2 Iron-gall ink corrosion ............................758
17.1.3 Investigated artefacts..............................760
17.2 Analytical methods ........................................763
17.2.1 Inspection by scanning electron microscopy .... 766
17.2.2 Compositional analysis by X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry........................................766
17.2.3 Electron probe micro-analysis......................768
17.2.4 Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry..................................770
17.2.5 Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry..................................773
17.2.6 Graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry........................................774
17.2.7 Mossbauer spectrometry............................775
xxiii
Contents
17.2.8 Investigation of Fe(II)/Fe(III) by X-ray absorption
near edge spectroscopy..............................778
17.3 Searching for the conservation treatment..................780
17.3.1 Reconstitution of manuscript by model samples . . 780
17.3.2 Requirement for conservation treatment ..........782
17.3.3 Investigation of the model samples ................784
17.4 Concluding comments......................................784
Acknowledgements................................................785
References ........................................................785
Index..................................................................789
xx iv
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| series | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |
| series2 | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |
| spelling | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials ed. by K. Janssens ... 1. ed. Amsterdam <<[u.a.]>> Elsevier 2004 XXVIII, 800 s. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry 42 Janssens, Koen edt Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry 42 (DE-604)BV000900805 42 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018335755&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |
| title | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |
| title_auth | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |
| title_exact_search | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |
| title_full | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials ed. by K. Janssens ... |
| title_fullStr | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials ed. by K. Janssens ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials ed. by K. Janssens ... |
| title_short | Non-destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |
| title_sort | non destructive microanalysis of cultural heritage materials |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018335755&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000900805 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT janssenskoen nondestructivemicroanalysisofculturalheritagematerials |