A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930: 1 Waterpower in the century of the steam engine
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Charlottesville, Va.
Univ. Press of Va.
1979
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 606 Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0813907829 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 |n 1 |p Waterpower in the century of the steam engine |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 1. A history of industrial power in the United States. Waterpower in the century of the steam en
Autor: Hunter, Louis C
Jahr: 1979
Contents
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
Abbreviations xxv
1 Power in an Agricultural Economy: The Rural Water Mill 1
Numbers, Kinds, and Distribution 1
Role in Pioneering Development 6
Bread: The Fundamental Need 8
Sawmills and Shelter 15
Fulling and Carding Mills 21
Tanneries 25
Public Support of Water Mills 28
Growth in Numbers 36
Mills and the Market Economy 41
Water Mills in Western Europe 44
The Decline of Water Milling 47
Contributions of the Water Mill 49
2 The Traditional Technology 51
Dams, Millponds, and Races 54
Hydraulic Prime Movers: The Waterwheels 60
A Wheel in a Class by Itself 71
Wheels with Horizontal Shafts 83
A Technology of Wood 88
The Millwright s Craft 91
The Millwright s Companion 94
Milling Practice in the Colonial Period 104
From Water Milling to Waterpower 111
3 The Geographical Basis and Institutional Framework 114
The Geographical Determinants 116
Patterns of Millstreams and Waterpowers 118
Topography and Power Potential 119
Rainfall, Runoff, and Streamflow 122
Natural Regulators 126
Regional Power Potentials 130
The Law of Watercourses 139
viii
Contents
Navigation Rights and the Milling Interests 142
Milldams and Fisheries 144
Farmers versus Flowage Rights 146
The Public Character of Water Mills 148
Conflict of Interests: Mills versus Mills 151
Difficulties in Coordination 155
4 Mill and Factory Villages: Grass Roots Industrialization 159
Power Sources in Perspective 161
Conditions Controlling the Choice of Power 163
Manufacturing as a Condition of Growth 169
Mill Seats as a Condition of Manufacturing 172
A Factor in the Growth of Towns 174
Waterpower and the Industrial Village 178
The Ubiquity and Variety of Waterpowers 181
River Systems and Patterns of Industrial Location 185
The River Basin: Basic Unit of Power Supply 189
Representative Drainage Basins in New England 191
The Merrimack, Connecticut, and Hudson River Valleys 194
Regional Variations in Waterpower Supply and Use 201
5 The First Industrial Cities 204
Breaking New Ground at Lowell 205
Engineering and Management Tasks 207
Power Supply: Evolution of Control 211
Small Industry: The Outsiders 217
The Lowell Achievement and Influence 221
Waterpower and Paper 227
Flour, Lumber, and the Falls of Saint Anthony 233
Power Developments in the South 242
Waterpower for Sale: The Overall Dimensions 247
6 Management of a Great Waterpower: The Proprietors of
the Locks and Canals on the Merrimack 251
The Supply Canal Network 255
Enlargement of the Canal System 261
The Balance Sheet 268
Maintenance and Management 273
Shortcomings of the Supply System 276
Management of the Upstream Reservoirs 279
Shortage and Surplus 282
Steam Power 287
Discontent and Dissent 289
Contents
7 The Hydraulic Turbine 292
Operating Criteria 293
Changing Industrial Requirements 298
Reaction Wheels 299
Tub Wheel to Turbine 305
Samuel Howd and the Inward-Flow Wheel 313
Birth of the True Turbine 318
The Turbine Reaches America 322
Contributions of Boyden and Francis 328
Who Invented the Francis Turbine? 338
8 A Generation of Declining Use and Advancing Technology 343
The Stock-Pattern Turbine Industry 347
James Emerson and the Holyoke Testing Flume 350
The Mixed-Flow Turbine 359
Designer-Builders of the Mixed-Flow Turbine 363
Improving Efficiency at Part Gate 374
Advances in Setting, Governing, and Positioning 378
The American Stock-Pattern Turbine 385
Influence of Hydroelectricity 388
Turbine Design after Niagara 391
Innovations in Western Mining States 396
From the Hurdy-Gurdy to the Tangential Waterwheel 400
In Brief Summation 413
9 The Transmission of Power through Millwork 416
From Gristmill to Flouring Mill 421
Variations in Transmission Requirements 431
Power Distribution in Textile Mills 432
Power Transmission in Mining 448
New Conditions and New Needs 449
British Innovations in Millwork 450
The Shafting Revolution of Fairbairn and Lillie 456
The New System in the United States 459
The American Contribution: Belting in Main Drives 462
Millwork Fittings and Equipment 471
The Limitations of Millwork 478
10 The Decline of Direct-Drive Waterpower 481
Factors in the Change 482
Urbanization and Power Supply 485
Regional and National Trends 488
Power Trends by Major Industries 490
?
Contents
Motive Power and Two Economies 495
Traditional Industries in Decline 496
Unutilized and Underutilized Waterpowers 498
Expedients for Enlarging Power Supply 499
Irregularities in Streamflow 504
Storage Reservoirs 509
Auxiliary Steam Power 514
Comparative Costs of Steam Power and Waterpower 516
An Indictment Agreed Upon 529
A New Contender for Stream Use 530
Epilogue 536
Appendixes
1. Grain-Milling Practices among the American Indians 545
2. Survivals: The Tub Mill 548
3. List of Ironwork for Gristmill 553
4. The Tenth Census Reports on Waterpower 556
5. Tidal Power along the Atlantic Seaboard 559
6. Data on Streamflow 562
7. James B. Francis on Estimating the Power of a Stream 564
8. The Franklin Institute s Experiments on Waterwheels 567
9. Comparison of a Boyden Turbine and the Burden
Overshot Wheel 569
Index 575
|
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| isbn | 0813907829 |
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| spelling | Hunter, Louis C. Verfasser aut A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 1 Waterpower in the century of the steam engine Charlottesville, Va. Univ. Press of Va. 1979 XXIV, 606 Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1780-1930 gnd rswk-swf Wasserkraft (DE-588)4189214-8 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Wasserkraft (DE-588)4189214-8 s Geschichte 1780-1930 z DE-604 (DE-604)BV004963190 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017487462&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hunter, Louis C. A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 Wasserkraft (DE-588)4189214-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4189214-8 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 |
| title_auth | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 |
| title_exact_search | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 |
| title_full | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 1 Waterpower in the century of the steam engine |
| title_fullStr | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 1 Waterpower in the century of the steam engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 1 Waterpower in the century of the steam engine |
| title_short | A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930 |
| title_sort | a history of industrial power in the united states 1780 1930 waterpower in the century of the steam engine |
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