Decent working time: new trends, new issues
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
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Geneva
Internatinal Labour Office
2006
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 464 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9221179508 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Foreword ................................................................ v
Contents.................................................................ix
Acknowledgements........................................................xxi
Introduction ............................................................ 1
PART I NI;AV STAKES AND POLICIES .................................. 11
1 Decent working time in industrialized countries: Issues, scopes
and paradoxes .....................................................13
Jean-Yves Boulin, Michel ¡utilement and Francois Michon
1.1 Introduction ............................................... 13
1.2 Working time: Issues and policies over the last decades .....14
1.3 From decent work to decent working time .....................20
1.3.1 “Decent work” .........................................21
1.3.2 Time and “decent work”.................................25
1.4 Paradox and contradictions of policies today ................28
1.4.1 Working time policies in Europe: Paradoxical precepts ... 28
1.4.2 Current trends in working time and decent working time . 31
1.5 Reconfiguring working time policies based on the concept of
decent working time .........................................34
IX
Decent working time
2 Working time and the standard employment relationship ................41
(Jerbard Bosch
2.1 Introduction....................................................41
2.2 The definition and function of the SER..........................43
2.3 The evolution of the SER in the EU .............................47
2.4 The causes of the change in the SER.............................51
2.5 Approaches to a new, flexible SER...............................57
3 Working time capability: Towards realizing individual choice .........65
Sangbeon Lee ami Deirdre McCann
3.1 Introduction ...................................................65
3.2 The capabilities approach and working time .................... 67
3.3 Working time preferences and capabilities ......................70
3.4 Working time capability, social rights and worker-choice laws .. 78
3.5 Towards advancing working time capability through
worker-choice measures: Some policy considerations ............ 82 4 *
4 Decent working time in a life-course perspective .....................93
Dommiquc Anxo, Jean-Yves Boulin and Colette Fagan
4.1 Introduction.....................................................93
4.2 The relevance of a new organization of work throughout
the life course ................................................96
4.2.1 Changes that foster the need for a new organization
of time throughout the life course.....................98
4.2.2 The emergence of life-course policies in Europe ........99
4.3 Life-course profiles: A cross-national comparison............. 101
4.3.1 Gender disparities in the patterns of labour market
integration and working time arrangements over
the life course........................................ 102
4.4 Empirical evidence of the emergence of a life-course
perspective in time policies ................................ 109
4.4.1 Trends at the institutional level ...................... 110
4.4.2 Firms tend to limit the use of WTOs to parenthood
and exit from the labour market........................ 113
Contents
4.5 Conditions for implementing a new organization of time
over the life course..................................... 115
4.5.1 Conditions related to the social protection system .... 116
4.5.2 The new organization of time over the life course as
part of the employment dynamic and as a device for
enhancing social cohesion.......................... 118
4.6 Conclusion .............................................. 120
5 Time, work and pay: Understanding the new relationships........ 123
Jill Rubery, Kevin Ward and Damian Grimsbaiv
5.1 Introduction............................................. 123
5.2 Reconstituting the employment relationship: The impact of
working time changes .................................... 124
5.3 Exploring the processes of working time change .......... 127
5.3.1 Employment relations and new working time
arrangements ...................................... 129
5.3.2 Organizational and workplace drivers for new
working time arrangements.......................... 135
5.3.3 Employee compliance: Howj employers succeeded
in implementing the new working time practices.... 141
5.4 Conclusion ............................................ 144
Appendix................................................. 146
PART 11 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES AND COLLECTIVE OPTIONS 153 6
6 Labour supply preferences and job mobility of Dutch employees .. 155
Didier Fouarge and Christine Baaijens
6.1 Introduction ............................................ 155
6.2 The Dutch labour market in international perspective .... 156
6.2.1 A right to change the number of working hours ... 159
6.3 Previous research ....................................... 160
6.4 Model and data .......................................... 162
6.4.1 Modelling the effect of the Adjustment of Working
Hours Act ......................................... 163
6.5 Working hours preferences ............................... 164
xi
Decent working time
6.6 Changes in working hours ................................. 166
6.6.1 Reducing labour supply.............................. 166
6.6.2 Increasing labour supply............................ 171
6.7 Conclusion ............................................... 173
6.7.1 Policy implications................................. 174
Appendix 6.1 Probit models for the decrease and increase in
working hours ............................................ 176
Appendix 6.2 Selection equation .......................... 177
7 The French 35-hour week: A decent working time pattern? Lessons
from case studies .............................................. 181
Pascal Charpentier, Michel Lallement, Florence Lefresne and
Jocelyne Loos-Baroin
7.1 Introduction ............................................. 181
7.1.1 Reduction of working time - a lever for improving
decent working time? ............................... 181
7.1.2 The Aubry laws — public controversy and corporate
compromise ......................................... 182
7.1.3 Reduced time and combining the components of decent
working time ....................................... 185
7.2 Imperfect bargaining conditions .......................... 187
7.2.1 Negotiations on the employers’initiative............ 189
7.2.2 Negotiations with numerous constraints ............. 189
7.2.3 Negotiating issues: Work rather than employment .... 191
7.3 From rules to practice ................................... 192
7.3.1 Compromises and adjustments of standards, negotiated
in conditions of economic uncertainty .............. 193
7.3.2 Managerial logic and management measures as sources
of tension for employees............................ 195
7.3.3 The contingent nature of decent working time practices
and patterns ....................................... 197
xii
Contents
7.4 Subjective working time preferences: A complex interpretation . 198
7.4.1 Perceptions of working time in the four companies:
A situational perspective ............................200
7.4.2 Aspects of decent working time........................201
7.4.3 The conditions of decent working time.................203
7.4.4 Decent working time and decent pay ...................203
7.4.5 Decent working time and staff cohesion................204
7.4.6 Decent working time and stable rules..................205
7.5 Conclusion ..................................................205
8 Overemployment in the United States: Which workers are
willing to reduce their work-hours and income? ..................209
Lonnie Golden
8.1 Introduction ................................................209
8.2 Measuring overemployment.....................................210
8.3 Refining the concept of overemployment ......................215
8.3.1 Overemployment at the microeconomic level ............215
8.3.2 Overemployment at the macroeconomic level.............216
8.4 Explaining the rise and fall of overemployment as a dynamic
labour supply process .......................................217
8.5 Hypotheses...................................................222
8.6 Empirical findings: Demographic characteristics of over-
employment ........................................................223
8.7 Findings: Work-hours and job status characteristics .........226
8.7.1 Job characteristics: Occupations and industries.......227
8.8 Summary and implications of the results: Towards decent
working time policies .......................................228
xiii
Decent working time
9. Women’s preferences or delineated policies? The development
of part-time work in the Netherlands, Germany and the
United Kingdom..........................................................235
Mara Yerkes and Jette Visser
9.1 Introduction ................................................235
9.2 General developments.........................................238
9.3 The Netherlands .............................................242
9.4 Germany and the United Kingdom ..............................245
9.4.1 Germany...............................................246
9.4.2 United Kingdom .......................................251
9.5 Conclusion ..................................................256
PART 111 FLEXIBILITIES AND CONDITIONS Oh WORK ........................263
10 The working conditions of blue-collar and white-collar workers in
France compared: A question of time .............................265
Nicole Gadrey, Florence Jany-Catrice and Martine Pemod-Lemattre
10.1 Introduction.................................................265
10.2 Kmployment and working conditions of unskilled white-collar
workers in France............................................267
10.2.1 Some methodological preliminaries.................... 267
10.2.2 F.mployment conditions and pay........................270
1C.2.3 Working conditions characteristic of a changing
labour market.........................................273
10.2.4 A change in the nature of working conditions..........274
10.3 Unskilled white-collar workers and temporal availability ....278
10.3.1 The need to go beyond statistical analysis, or the
importance of interview s in identifying temporal
availability .........................................278
10.3.2 The forms of temporal availability ...................279
10.3.3 Specific forms of temporal availability ..............280
10.3.4 The five dimensions of “decent w orking time” ........283
10.3.5 Part-time work in services and “decent w orking time” . 283
10.4 Conclusion ..................................................285
XIV
Contents
11 Managers and working time in Finland ...............................289
/onko Nätti, Timo Anttila and Mia Väisänen
11.1 Introduction ..................................................289
11.1.1 The changing working time regime and decent
working time ...........................................289
11.1.2 Working hours in Finland...............................290
11.1.3 Managerial work and working time ......................291
11.1.4 Knowledge w orkers as forerunners of the changing
working time regime: Threat or opportunity for decent
working time? ..........................................292
11.1.5 Factors behind long working hours......................294
11.1.6 Preferred hours .......................................295
ff.f.7 Aims and study approach ................................297
11.2 Methods .......................................................297
11.2.1 Participants and procedure ............................297
11.3 Results........................................................298
11.3.1 Blurring working hours.................................298
11.3.2 Long working hours ....................................301
11.3.3 Reasons for stretching working hours................. 303
11.3.4 Preferred working hours............................... 306
11.4 Discussion.................................................... 309
Appendix 11.1 Sample attrition analysis ..................... 313
12 Can norms survive market pressures? The practical effectiveness
of new forms of working time regulation in a changing German
economy .................................................................. 319
Thomas Ilaipeter
12.1 Introduction: Flcxibilization and erosion .................... 319
12.2 Working time regulation and changes in production systems .. 321
12.3 The characteristics of new forms of working time regulation -
the case studies ............................................. 326
XV
Decent working time
12.4 The practical effectiveness of working time regulatory systems . 330
12.4.1 The change in the function of flexi-time..............330
12.4.2 The dominance of paid overtime.........................331
12.4.3 The forfeiture of working time ........................332
12.4.4 The withdrawal of time credits from long-term accounts 334
12.4.5 Individualized bargaining..............................335
12.4.6 The anchor role of co-determination ...................336
12.5 Conclusion ....................................................337
PART IV QUALITY, EFFICIENCY AND INEQUALITIES ..........................343
13 Time management in a service economy: The case of Japan.............345
Thierry Rihattll
13.1 Introduction ..................................................345
13.2 Age as a key factor in societal conventions on pay, the family
and temporal availability .....................................346
13.3 Some empirical data on temporal availability in Japan and its
evolution .....................................................349
13.3.1 Working time ...........................................349
13.3.2 Domestic time .........................................352
13.4 The three conventions: Structural or marginal changes? ........357
13.4.1 Limited individualization of life histories.............357
13.4.2 Conventions on availability and welfare and
competency regimes......................................359
13.5 Conclusion ....................................................364
14 Two occupational groups facing the challenge of temporal
availability: Hospital nurses and bank managerial staff in
France, Belgium and Spain .........................................369
Paul Bouffartigue ami Jacques Bouteiller
14.1 Introduction ..................................................369
14.2 A multi-level approach.........................................370
14.3 Three national contexts .......................................372
14.3.1 Statistical overview....................................372
14.3.2 Formalized regulation of working time..................374
xvi
Contents
14.4 Female hospital nurses ......................................374
14.4.1 France ...............................................378
14.4.2 Belgium...............................................380
14.4.3 Spain ................................................381
14.4.4 Comparative remarks..................................383
14.5 Bank managers ...............................................383
14.5.1 France ...............................................384
14.5.2 Belgium...............................................386
14.5.3 Spain ................................................387
14.5.4 Comparative remarks..................................389
14.6 Conclusion ..................................................390
15 Who is working at weekends? Determinants of regular weekend
work in Canada ....................................................395
hik U. Zeytrnoghi and Cardon B. Cooke
15.1 Introduction ................................................395
15.2 The context, theoretical background and factors associated
with weekend work ...........................................397
15.3 Methodology .................................................400
15.4 Characteristics of the workers ..............................404
15.5 Percentage of workers in regular weekend work ...............404
15.6 Multivariate analysis results ...............................408
15.7 Summary and conclusion ......................................412
PARTY CONCLUSION ..................................................417
16 Towards decent working time........................................419
Jon C. Messenger
16.1 Background...................................................419
16.2 Healthy working time ........................................420
16.3 “Family-friendly” working time ...........................423
16.4 Gender equality through working time ........................427
16.5 Productive working time .....................................430
16.6 Choice and influence regarding working time .................433
16.7 Future directions ...........................................436
xvii
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| title_auth | Decent working time new trends, new issues |
| title_exact_search | Decent working time new trends, new issues |
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