The physics of atmospheres:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2002
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521804566 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The physics of atmospheres |c John Houghton |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138980696915968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The physics of atmospheres
Autor: Houghton, John
Jahr: 2002
Contents
Preface to the first edition page ÷
Preface to the second edition xii
Preface to the third edition xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Some basic ideas 1
1.1 Planetary atmospheres 1
1.2 Equilibrium temperatures 1
1.3 Hydrostatic equation 3
1.4 Adiabatic lapse rate 4
1.5 Sandstrom s theorem 5
Problems 7
2 A radiative equilibrium model 9
2.1 Black-body radiation 9
2.2 Absorption and emission 10
2.3 Radiative equilibrium in a grey atmosphere 12
2.4 Radiative time constants 15
2.5 The greenhouse effect 15
Problems 17
3 Thermodynamics 19
3.1 Entropy of dry air 19
3.2 Vertical motion of saturated air 20
3.3 The tephigram 22
3.4 Total potential energy of an air column 24
3.5 Available potential energy 24
3.6 Zonal and eddy energy 29
Problems 30
vi Contents
4 More complex radiation transfer 39
4.1 Solar radiation: its modification by scattering 39
4.2 Absorption of solar radiation by ozone 40
4.3 Absorption by single lines 41
4.4 Transmission of an atmospheric path 44
4.5 The integral equation of transfer 45
4.6 Integration over frequency 47
4.7 Heating rate due to radiative processes 48
4.8 Cooling by carbon dioxide emission from upper stratosphere
and lower mésosphère 48
4.9 Band models 49
4.10 Continuum absorption 50
4.11 Global radiation budget 50
Problems 52
5 The middle and upper atmospheres 58
5.1 Temperature structure 58
5.2 Diffusive separation 60
5.3 The escape of hydrogen 61
5.4 The energy balance of the thermosphère 65
5.5 The photodissociation of oxygen 66
5.6 Photochemical processes 67
5.7 Breakdown of thermodynamic equilibrium 72
Problems 78
6 Clouds 82
6.1 Cloud formation °2
6.2 The growth of cloud particles ^
6.3 The radiative properties of clouds ^
6.4 Radiative transfer in clouds ^
6.5 Cloud radiation feedback °°
Problems 89
7 Dynamics
7.1 The material derivative
7.2 Equations of motion
7.3 The geostrophic approximation
7.4 Cyclostrophic motion
7.5 Surfaces of constant pressure
10?
7.6 The thermal wind equation
Contents vii
7.7 The equation of continuity 101
Problems 102
8 Atmospheric waves 110
8.1 Introduction 110
8.2 Soundwaves 110
8.3 Gravity waves 111
8.4 Rossby waves 116
8.5 The vorticity equation 118
8.6 Three-dimensional Rossby-type waves 120
Problems 122
9 Turbulence 131
9.1 The Reynolds number 131
9.2 Reynolds stresses 132
9.3 Ekman s solution 134
9.4 The mixing-length hypothesis 136
9.5 Ekman pumping 137
9.6 The spectrum of atmospheric turbulence 138
Problems 141
10 The general circulation 145
10.1 Laboratory experiments 145
10.2 A symmetric circulation 147
10.3 Inertial instability 152
10.4 Barotropic instability 153
10.5 Baroclinic instability 154
10.6 Sloping convection 158
10.7 Energy transport 159
10.8 Transport of angular momentum 161
10.9 The general circulation of the middle atmosphere 162
Problems 168
11 Numerical modelling 173
11.1 A barotropic model 173
11.2 Baroclinic models 174
11.3 Primitive equation models 176
11.4 Parametrizations 177
11.5 Models for weather forecasting 177
11.6 Inclusion of orography 180
viii Contents
11.7 Radiation transfer 18°
11.8 Sub grid scale processes I85
11.9 Moist processes and clouds 186
11.10 Convection 187
11.11 Transfer across the surface ^89
11.12 Forecast model skill 190
11.13 Other models 190
Problems 192
12 Global observation 198
12.1 What observations are required? I98
12.2 In situ observations ^
12.3 Remote sensing ^
12.4 Radar and lidar observations from the surface 200
12.5 Remote sounding from satellites 201
12.6 Remote sounding of atmospheric temperature: theory 204
12.7 Instruments for remote temperature sounding 210
12.8 Remote measurements of composition 215
12.9 Other remote sounding observations from space 220
12.10 Observations from remote platforms 221
12.11 Achieving global coverage ^
Problems 224
13 Chaos and atmospheric predictability
13.1 Chaotic behaviour 229
13.2 The Lorenz attractor 230
13.3 Model predictability 231
13.4 Variations in forecast skill 234
13.5 Ensemble forecasting
13.6 Model improvements 2
13.7 Jupiter s Great Red Spot 238
13.8 Different kinds of predictability 238
Problems 240
14 Climate and climate change 242
14.1 The climate system 242
14.2 Variations of climate over the past millennium
14.3 The ice ages 246
14.4 Influence of the ocean boundary 248
14.5 Human influences on climate
Contents ix
14.6 The enhanced greenhouse effect 255
14.7 Feedback processes 260
14.8 Modelling climate change 262
14.9 Observations of climate 265
14.10 Dynamical response to external forcing 266
14.11 The impacts of climate change 269
Problems 270
Appendices 275
1 Some useful physical constants and data on dry air 275
2 Properties of water vapour 276
3 Atmospheric composition 277
4 Relation of geopotential to geometric height 278
5 Model atmospheres (0-105 km) 278
6 Mean reference atmosphere (110-500 km) 287
7 The Planck function 287
8 Solar radiation 289
9 Absorption by ozone in the ultraviolet 290
10 Spectral band information 290
Further reading 299
References to works cited in the text 301
Answers to problems and hints to their solution 307
Index 313
|
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
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| spelling | Houghton, John 1931-2020 Verfasser (DE-588)124339093 aut The physics of atmospheres John Houghton 3. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2002 XV, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Meteorologia larpcal Météorologie dynamique Météorologie dynamique ram Météorologie physique Physique de l'atmosphère ram Atmospheric physics Dynamic meteorology Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017429787&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Houghton, John 1931-2020 The physics of atmospheres Meteorologia larpcal Météorologie dynamique Météorologie dynamique ram Météorologie physique Physique de l'atmosphère ram Atmospheric physics Dynamic meteorology Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4003397-1 |
| title | The physics of atmospheres |
| title_auth | The physics of atmospheres |
| title_exact_search | The physics of atmospheres |
| title_full | The physics of atmospheres John Houghton |
| title_fullStr | The physics of atmospheres John Houghton |
| title_full_unstemmed | The physics of atmospheres John Houghton |
| title_short | The physics of atmospheres |
| title_sort | the physics of atmospheres |
| topic | Meteorologia larpcal Météorologie dynamique Météorologie dynamique ram Météorologie physique Physique de l'atmosphère ram Atmospheric physics Dynamic meteorology Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meteorologia Météorologie dynamique Météorologie physique Physique de l'atmosphère Atmospheric physics Dynamic meteorology Physik Atmosphäre |
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