Cultural anthropology handbook: a basic introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
1978
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0070675309 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cultural anthropology handbook |b a basic introduction |c Frank Robert Vivelo |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 1978 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 268 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
XI
PART 1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
WHAT ANTHROPOLOGY IS
3
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROPOLOGY 4
COMPARATIVE APPROACH 4
HOLISM 6
FOCUS OF STUDY 7
DIVISIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY 7
GATHERING ANTHROPOLOGICAL DATA: FIELDWORK 9
USES OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL DATA: CULTURAL RELATIVISM VERSUS ETHNOCENTRISM
10
CHAPTER 2
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
15
TWO MAJOR VIEWS OF CULTURE 16
THE TOTALIST VIEW 16
THE MENTALIST VIEW 17
SOCIETY 19
THE CULTURAL AND THE SOCIAL: INFLUENCE OF LINGUISTICS 19
PART 2
EVOLUTIONARY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 3
PRELIMINARIES: EVOLUTIONARY AND INSTITUTIONAL
OVERVIEWS
25
THE EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH 26
THE INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH 29
V
VL
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4
HUNTER-GATHERERS
34
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUNTER-GATHERER GROUPS 35
SMALL GROUPS 35
FLEXIBILITY 35
MOBILITY 35
LEADERSHIP: PRIMUS INTER PARES 36
DIVISION OF LABOR 36
EQUALITY 37
KINSHIP 37
TERRITORIALITY AND PROPERTY RIGHTS 38
FIGHTING 39
RELIGION 39
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS 39
ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH: THE TASADAY*CAVE-DWELLERS IN THE PHILLIPPINE
RAIN FOREST 40
CHAPTER 5
HORTICULTURISTS
48
SLASH-AND-BURN HORTICULTURE 49
CHARACTERISTICS OF HORTICULTURISTS 49
SEDENTARINESS 50
LARGER POPULATIONS 50
KIN GROUPS 50
POSITIONS OF LEADERSHIP 51
STAGES OF HORTICULTURE 51
1 MINIMAL HORTICULTURE 51
2 DEPENDENT HORTICULTURE 51
3 PRIMARY-SUBSISTENCE HORTICULTURE 52
4 ADVANCED HORTICULTURE 52
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS 52
ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH: THE DUGUM DANI OF NEW GUINEA 54
CHAPTER 6
AGRICULTURISTS
6I
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURISTS 62
HIGH POPULATIONS 62
STATE SYSTEMS 62
SOCIAL CLASSES AND SPECIALIZATION OF LABOR 63
OWNERSHIP 64
DECLINE IN IMPORTANCE OF KINSHIP 64
RELIGION: EMERGENCE OF A PRIESTHOOD 64
TERRITORIALITY AND WARFARE 65
URBANIZATION AND PEASANTS 65
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS 66
ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH: THE PURITANS IN NEW ENGLAND IN THE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 66
CONTENTS
VII
CHAPTER 7
PASTORALISTS
75
PASTORALISM AND NOMADISM 76
TRANSHUMANCE 76
USES OF ANIMALS 77
OTHER EFFECTS ON PASTORAL NOMADIC MOVEMENT: ECONOMIC INTERESTS,
SOCIAL ECOLOGY 79
CHARACTERISTICS OF NOMADIC GROUPS 79
THE HERDING GROUP 79
ANIMALS AS FOOD 80
DIVISION OF LABOR 80
CONDITIONS FOR EMERGENCE OF LEADERS 80
1 MEDIATION BETWEEN NOMADS AND SEDENTARIES/ 2 MEDIATION
BETWEEN NOMADS AND THE STATE/ 3 COORDINATION OF MOVEMENT
TERRITORIALITY 81
FIGHTING 82
KINSHIP 82
RELIGION 83
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS 83
ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH: THE MARRI BALUCH OF WEST PAKISTAN 83
CHAPTER 8
INDUSTRIALISTS
89
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES 90
HIGH POPULATIONS 90
INDIVIDUAL AS BASIC LABOR UNIT; RELATIVE UNIMPORTANCE OF KINSHIP 90
CITIES AND TRADE 90
CHANGES IN FAMILY ORGANIZATION 91
SPECIALIZATION OF LABOR; SOCIAL STRATIFICATION; SOCIAL MOBILITY 92
STATE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 92
TERRITORIALITY; WARFARE 93
RELIGION 93
SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS 93
ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH: A NACIREMA SUBGROUP*ITALIAN-AMERICANS
OF BOSTON*S WEST END 94
PART 3
INSTITUTIONAL OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 9
PRELIMINARIES: ORDERING SOCIAL RELATIONS
105
ROLE AND STATUS 106
CATEGORY AND GROUP 107
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS 108
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUPS 108
CORPORATE GROUPS 108
VILL
CONTENTS
LIFE CYCLE 109
BIRTH 111
PRENATAL TABOOS/ PARTURITION/ POSTNATAL PRACTICES
CHILDHOOD 111
SOCIALIZATION 112
SOCIALIZING AGENTS 112
CARETAKERS/ PEERS (RIDICULE, GOSSIP, EXCLUSION;
SUPERNATURAL SANCTIONS; WITCHCRAFT; BLOOD FEUD)/ SELF
PUBERTY 115
ADULTHOOD 115
DEATH 116
AGE GRADES AND AGE SETS 117
CYCLICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGE-SET SYSTEMS 117
ETHNOGRAPHIC EXAMPLE 117
ADJACENT AND ALTERNATE GENERATIONS; PRIMOGENITURE AND
ULTIMOGENITURE 119
NONKIN ASSOCIATIONS 119
VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS 119
VARIETIES OF ASSOCIATIONS 120
INEQUALITY OR SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 121
CASTE SYSTEMS AND CLASS SYSTEMS 122
OUTCASTS AND SLAVES 123
CHAPTER 10
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 126
PRODUCTION 127
DISTRIBUTION 127
DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A SOCIETY 128
RECIPROCITY (BALANCED RECIPROCITY; GENERALIZED RECIPROCITY;
NEGATIVE RECIPROCITY) REDISTRIBUTION/ MARKET EXCHANGE
INTERSOCIETAL EXCHANGE 130
RECIPROCITY BETWEEN SOCIETIES: SIMPLE TRADE/ *REDISTRIBUTION*
BETWEEN SOCIETIES/ MARKET EXCHANGE
CONSUMPTION 132
CHAPTER 11
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
134
BANDS 135
TRIBES 137
SEGMENTARY TRIBES 137
LEADERS IN SEGMENTARY TRIBES (HEADMAN; BIG MAN)
CHIEFDOMS 141
STATES 141
POWER 142
AUTHORITY 143
CONTENTS
IX
LAW AND WARFARE 144
LAW 144
WAR 145
WARFARE/ FEUDING/ RAIDING/ FIGHTING IN CROSS-CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE (THE BAND LEVEL; THE TRIBAL LEVEL; THE STATE LEVEL)
CHAPTER 12
KINSHIP, DESCENT, RESIDENCE
149
KINSHIP 150
SYMBOLS AND BASIC TERMS 150
TYPES OF KINSHIP TERMINOLOGIES 155
HAWAIIAN OR GENERATION TYPE/ ESKIMO OR LINEAL TYPE/ IROQUOIS OR
BIFURCATE MERGING TYPE/ CROW AND OMAHA TYPES/ SUDANESE OR
BIFURCATE COLLATERAL TYPE
REAL AND CLASSIFICATORY KIN; COSANGUINEAL AND AFFINAL KIN 158
DESCENT 158
TYPES OF DESCENT 158
UNILINEAL DESCENT (AGNATIC OR PATRILINEAL DESCENT; UTERINE OR
MATRILINEAL DESCENT; DOUBLE DESCENT; PARALLEL DESCENT;
AMBILINEAL OR OPTATIVE DESCENT) COGNATIC OR BILATERAL DESCENT
AGNATIC AND UTERINE KIN 160
SOCIOCENTRIC UNITS 161
DESCENT CATEGORIES AND DESCENT GROUPS/ LOCAL OR RESIDENCE
GROUPS/ LINEAGE AND CLAN/ PHRATRY; MOIETY
EGOCENTRIC UNITS 163
RESIDENCE 164
RESIDENCE RULES AND PATTERNS 164
TYPES OF RESIDENCE 165
CHAPTER 13
MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
I68
NOTE ON INCEST
MARRIAGE 169
CHARACTERISTICS OF MARRIAGE 170
DEFINITION OF TERMS 171
TYPES OF MARRIAGE SYSTEMS 171
ELEMENTARY MARRIAGE SYSTEMS (DIRECT EXCHANGE; INDIRECT
EXCHANGE)/ BINT* AMM/ COMPLEX SYSTEMS
MARRIAGE-RELATED PRACTICES 176
MARRIAGE PAYMENTS (BRIDEWEALTH OR BRIDE-PRICE; DOWRY;
BRIDE SERVICE)/ SECONDARY MARRIAGES (LEVIRATE; SORORATE;
WIFE INHERITANCE)
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD 178
FAMILY GROUPS 178
TYPES OF FAMILY GROUPS 178
SIMPLE FAMILY GROUPS/ COMPLEX OR COMPOUND FAMILY GROUPS
(FAMILY GROUPS BASED ON POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGE; FAMILY GROUPS
BASED ON COMMON DESCENT)
X
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14
RELIGION
185
THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITION 186
FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION 187
EXPLANATORY FUNCTIONS 187
SUPPORTIVE FUNCTIONS 187
PSYCHOLOGICALLY REINFORCING FUNCTIONS 188
BASIC TERMS 188
PERSONNEL 188
ACTS 188
SUPERNATURE 188
RELIGION AND MAGIC 191
APPROACHES TO RELIGION 192
THE SOCIAL APPROACH 193
BAND SOCIETIES (POLYTHEISM)/ TRIBAL SOCIETIES (ANCESTRAL
VENERATION; UNITHEISM; MULTITHEISM)/ STATE SOCIETIES
(MONOTHEISM)/ REVITALIZATION MOVEMENTS
THE CULTURAL APPROACH 198
REFERENCES
201
APPENDIXES
211
1 SUMMARY TABLE 211
2 EVALUATING INCEST THEORIES 214
3 LEARNING ABOUT ANTHROPOLOGY 231
GLOSSARY
234
INDEX
264
|
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| discipline | Soziologie |
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| spelling | Vivelo, Frank Robert Verfasser aut Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction Frank Robert Vivelo New York [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 1978 XIX, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 gnd rswk-swf Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017420682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction |
| title_auth | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction |
| title_exact_search | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction |
| title_full | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction Frank Robert Vivelo |
| title_fullStr | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction Frank Robert Vivelo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction Frank Robert Vivelo |
| title_short | Cultural anthropology handbook |
| title_sort | cultural anthropology handbook a basic introduction |
| title_sub | a basic introduction |
| topic | Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 gnd |
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