The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Selper
1994
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 154 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0948411090 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 041 | 0 | |a ger | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Morse, Gary K. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |c G. K. Morse, J. N. Lester and R. Perry |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Selper |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 154 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Lester, John N. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Perry, Roger |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017404555&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017404555 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138948239294464 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Page
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Study objectives 1
1.3 Study methodology 1
1.4 Study scope 2
1.5 Report structure 2
2. Analytical framework 3
2.1 Introduction and overview 3
2.2 Environmental impact analysis 3
2.3 Economic impact analysis 6
2.4 Study methodology 7
3. Detergent builder use in the EU 11
3.1 Introduction and overview 11
3.2 Context review: The textile cleaning process and detergents 11
3.2.1 The textile cleaning process and detergents 11
3.2.2 Environmental impact 13
3.2.2.1 Overview 13
3.2.2.2 Textiles 14
3.2.2.3 Labour and capital 15
3.2.2.4 Energy and water 16
3.2.2.5 Detergents 18
3.2.3 Economic impact 20
3.2.3.1 Textile cleaning 20
3.2.3.2 Detergents 21
3.2.4 Key trends in the EU 22
3.3 Key detergent builder system impacts 23
3.3.1 General considerations 23
3.3.2 STPP 25
3.3.3 Zeolite A 27
3.3.4 Zeolite A andpolycarboxylates 29
3.3.5 NT A 30
3.4 Comparative Analysis 31
3.5 Improvement Analysis 34
V
4. Detergent builder system production 37
4.1 Introduction and overview 37
4.2 Context review: The production economy 37
4.2.1 The production economy 37
4.2.2 Environmental impact 37
4.2.3 Economic impact 40
4.3 Key detergent builder system impacts 40
4.3.1 General considerations 40
4.3.2 STPP 42
4JJ Zeolite A 46
4.5.4 Zeolite A andpolycarboxylates 50
4.5.5 ATA 53
4.4 Comparative analysis 55
4.5 Improvement analysis 57
5. Wastewater treatment and the hydrosphere 59
5.1 Introduction and overview 59
5.2 Context review: Wastewater treatment and the hydrosphere in the EU 59
5.2.1 Wastewater treatment and the hydrosphere 59
5.2.2 Environmental impact 61
5.2.3 Economic impact 62
5.2.4 Trends in the European Union 65
5.3 Key detergent builder system impacts 70
5.5.7 General considerations 70
5.3.2 STPP 72
5.3.3 Zeolite A 76
5.3.4 Zeolite A and polycarboxylates 80
5.3.5 NT A 83
5.4 Comparative analysis 87
5.5 Improvement analysis 89
6. Sludge management and the environment 91
6.1 Introduction and overview 91
6.2 Context review: Sludge management and the environment in the EU 91
6.2.1 Sludge management and the environment 91
6.2.2 Environmental impact 94
6.2.3 Economic impact 100
6.2.4 Trends in the European Union 104
vi
6.3 Key detergent builder system impacts 107
6.3.1 General considerations 107
6.3.2 STPP 108
6.3.3 Zeolite A 111
6.3.4 Zeolite A andpolycarboxylates 113
6.3.5 NTA 116
6.4 Comparative analysis 117
6.5 Improvement analysis 119
7. LIFE CYCLE REVIEW 121
7.1 Introduction and overview 121
7.2 Environmental impact: Comparative analysis 121
7.3 Economic impact: Comparative analysis 123
7.4 Improvement analysis 124
REFERENCES 127
ANNEX A: BASIC COUNTRY INFORMATION 153
vii
List of tables
No. Table title page
2.1 European Union environmental policy summary. 5
2.2 Key detergent builder systems. 7
2.3 Impact of detergent builders: Key assessment criteria. 9
3.1 Key detergent components in Western Europe. 13
3.2 Key indicators of the environmental impact of textile cleaning in the EU. 14
3.3 Energy requirements for textile cleaning. 17
3.4 Key environmental impacts of energy generation. 17
3.5 Environmental impact issues associated with detergent ingredients. 19
3.6 Key indicators of the economic impact of textile cleaning in the EU. 20
3.7 Key detergent builder systems. 24
3.8 Key detergent builder requirements. 24
3.9 Detergent builder performance measures. 25
3.10 Trends in STPP consumption in Western Europe. 26
3.11 Trends in zeolite A consumption in Western Europe. 28
3.12 The environmental and economic impact of textile cleaning in the EU. 32
3.13 Textile cleaning in the EU: Cross impact summary. 32
3.14 The key detergent builder systems: Use phase comparison. 34
3.15 The textile cleaning process in the EU: Improvement summary. 35
4.1 Key environmental impact indicators for agriculture in the EU. 38
4.2 Annual consumption of selected raw materials in the EU. 39
4.3 The relative economic impact of production in the EU. 41
4.4 The economic impact of raw material consumption in the EU. 41
4.5 Emissions from transport associated with detergent builder production. 42
4.6 Approximate cadmium content of commercial phosphate rocks. 43
ix
4.7 Impacts of impurities on phosphoric acid manufacture. 44
4.8 Indication of the environmental impact of STPP production. 46
4.9 Composition of bauxite required by the Bayer process. 47
4.10 Indication of the environmental impact of zeolite A production. 49
4.11 Indication of the environmental impact of zeolite A and polycarboxylate production. 52
4.12 Indication of the environmental impact of an NTA builder system production. 54
4.13 Relative impact of detergent builder production. 55
4.14 The key detergent builder systems: Production phase comparison. 56
4.15 The production of detergent builders in the EU: Improvement summary. 58
5.1 Key wastewater characteristics. 60
5.2 Wastewater treatment: Typical removal rates. 61
5.3 Selected EU markets dependent on the hydrosphere. 63
5.4 Consumer costs for wastewater treatment in the EU. 64
5.5 Plant level costs for wastewater treatment in the EU. 64
5.6 Key cost causative components of wastewater collection and treatment. 64
5.7 EU legislation relevant to the hydrosphere. 66
5.8 Gross pollution and nutrient status of selected inland waters in the EU. 67
5.9 Wastewater collection and treatment in Western Europe. 68
5.10 EU water utility market in 1990 (wastewater). 70
5.11 Wastewater treatment probability in the EU. 71
5.12 Emissions of phosphorus from STPP to the hydrosphere. 73
5.13 Sources of phosphorus to EU surface waters: An indication. 74
5.14 The success of eutrophication control strategies. 75
5.15 Comparative analysis of heavy metals in treatment chemicals. 76
5.16 Emissions of zeolite A to the hydrosphere. 78
5.17 Zeolite A risk to freshwater and marine species. 79
5.18 Emissions of polycarboxylates to the hydrosphere. 82
5.19 Risk of polycarboxylates to freshwater and marine species. 83
x
5.20 Emissions of NTA to the hydrosphere. 85
5.21 Risk of NTA to bacteria, algae, and aquatic invertebrates. 86
5.22 The key detergent builder systems: Wastewater treatment and the hydrosphere 89
phase comparison.
5.23 Detergent builder systems in wastewater treatment and the hydrosphere in the EU: 90
Improvement summary.
6.1 An indication of sludge composition. 92
6.2 Stack emissions from sludge incineration. 95
6.3 Comparison of sludge with other wastes. 96
6.4 Comparison of sludge and domestic refuse. 97
6.5 An indication of landfill leachate composition. 97
6.6 Comparison of various agricultural fertilisers. 98
6.7 EU consumption of agricultural fertilisers. 99
6.8 The environmental impact of fertiliser production. 99
6.9 Limit values for metals for sludge utilisation in agriculture. 100
6.10 Potential economic value of sludge. 101
6.11 Sludge treatment costs by size of works. 102
6.12 The impact of sludge treatment on transport costs. 103
6.13 Recent costs for sludge management in Western Europe. 103
6.14 Sludge production in the EU. 105
6.15 Sludge treatment and disposal in Western Europe. 106
6.16 Dutch limit values for metals. 106
6.17 Sludge treatment and disposal probability in the EU. 108
6.18 Indication of the environmental impact of STPP on sludge management. 111
6.19 Indication of the economic impact of STPP on sludge management. 112
6.20 Indication of the environmental impact of zeolite A on sludge management. 114
6.21 Indication of the environmental impact of zeolite A and polycarboxylates on 115
sludge management.
6.22 Indication of the environmental impact of an NTA based builder system on 117
sludge management.
xi
6.23 The key detergent builder systems: sludge management and the environment 118
phase comparison.
6.24 Detergent builder systems in sludge management and the environment in the EU: 119
Improvement summary.
7.1 The key detergent builder systems: Life-cycle review of environmental impact. 122
7.2 The key detergent builder systems: Life-cycle review of economic impact. 124
7.3 The life-cycle impact of detergent builders in the EU: Improvement summary. 125
xii
List of figures
No. Figure title Page
2.1 Life-cycle analysis: An overview. 4
2.2 The market concept of economics. 6
2.3 Analytical framework to assess the impact of key detergent builders. 8
3.1 Key elements of the textile cleaning process. 12
3.2 Life cycle impact of a washing machine. 16
3.3 Detergent consumption in the EU (1986). 23
4.1 The production function and the environment. 38
xiii
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| id | DE-604.BV023762312 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:36:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0948411090 |
| language | German |
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| publishDate | 1994 |
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| publishDateSort | 1994 |
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| spelling | Morse, Gary K. Verfasser aut The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union G. K. Morse, J. N. Lester and R. Perry London Selper 1994 XIV, 154 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lester, John N. Verfasser aut Perry, Roger Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017404555&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Morse, Gary K. Lester, John N. Perry, Roger The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |
| title | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |
| title_auth | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |
| title_exact_search | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |
| title_full | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union G. K. Morse, J. N. Lester and R. Perry |
| title_fullStr | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union G. K. Morse, J. N. Lester and R. Perry |
| title_full_unstemmed | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union G. K. Morse, J. N. Lester and R. Perry |
| title_short | The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union |
| title_sort | the environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the european union |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017404555&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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