Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme
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1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Indianapolis, Ind.
Wiley
2009
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Ausgabe: | 5. ed. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXXVII, 734 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780470423677 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: Effective project management
Autor: Wysocki, Robert K.
Jahr: 2009
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Preface to the Fifth Edition xxxix
Introduction xli
Part 1 Defining and Using Project Management Process Groups 1
Chapter 1 What Is a Project? 5
Defining a Project 6
Sequence of Activities 6
Unique Activities 6
Complex Activities 7
Connected Activities 7
One Goal 7
Specified Time 7
Within Budget 8
According to Specification 8
What Is a Program? 8
Establishing Temporary Program Offices 9
Establishing Permanent Program Offices 9
Understanding the Scope Triangle 9
Scope 10
Quality 10
Cost 10
Time 11
Resources 11
Envisioning the Scope Triangle as a System in Balance 12
Managing the Creeps 13
Scope Creep 13
Hope Creep 14
xiii
Effort Creep 14
Feature Creep 14
Applying the Scope Triangle 15
Problem Resolution 15
Scope Change Impact Analysis 16
The Importance of Classifying Projects 16
Establishing a Rule for Classifying Projects 16
Classification by Project Characteristics 17
Classification by Project Type 18
Putting It All Together 20
Discussion Questions 20
Chapter 2 Understanding The Project Management Process Croups 21
Understanding the Fundamentals of Project Management 22
What Business Situation Is Being Addressed? 23
What Do You Need to Do? 24
What Will You Do? 25
How Will You Do It? 25
How Will You Know You Did It? 25
How Well Did You Do? 26
Denning the Five Process Groups 27
The Scoping Process Group 27
The Planning Process Group 28
The Launching Process Group 28
The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group 29
The Closing Process Group 30
Defining the Nine Knowledge Areas 30
Mapping Knowledge Areas to Process Groups 30
What the Mapping Means 30
How to Use the Mapping 31
Definition of a Project Management Life Cycle 31
Using Process Groups to Define PMLCs 32
A Look Ahead: Mapping Process Groups to Form
Complex PMLCs 32
Integration Management 32
Scope Management 32
Time Management 33
Cost Management 33
Quality Management 33
Quality Planning Process 34
Quality Assurance Process 34
Quality Control Process 34
Human Resource Management 34
Projects as Motivation and Development Tools 35
Communications Management 39
Who Are the Project Stakeholders? 39
What Do They Need to Know about the Project? 39
How Should Their Needs Be Met? 40
Risk Management 40
Risk Identification 41
Risk Assessment 42
Risk Mitigation 42
Risk Monitoring 43
Procurement Management 44
Vendor Solicitation 44
Vendor Evaluation 44
Vendor Selection 45
Vendor Contracting 45
Vendor Management 46
Putting It All Together 46
Discussion Questions 47
Chapter 3 How to Scope a Project 49
Using Tools, Templates, and Processes to Scope a Project 50
Managing Client Expectations 51
Wants versus Needs 52
Conducting Conditions of Satisfaction 52
Establishing Clarity of Purpose 55
Specifying Business Outcomes 56
Conducting COS Milestone Reviews 56
Planning and Conducting the Project Scoping Meeting 56
Purpose 56
Attendees 57
Agenda 57
Deliverables 58
Gathering Requirements 58
What Are Requirements? 59
Types of Requirements 60
Functional Requirements 60
Non-Functional Requirements 60
Global Requirements 60
Product and/or Project Constraints 61
Approaches to Gathering Requirements 61
Building the Requirements Breakdown Structure 63
Using the RBS to Choose a Best-Fit PMLC Model 65
Diagramming Business Processes 67
What Is a Business Process? 68
Creating a Business Process Diagram 69
Business Process Diagram Formats
71
Context Diagrams
Business Process Work Flow Diagrams 72
Prototyping Your Solution
Use Cases 73
Use Case Diagrams
Use Case Flow of Events 75
Validating the Business Case °
Outsourcing to Vendors and Contractors 77
Procurement Management Life Cycle
Vendor Solicitation 78
Publishing a Request for Information 78
Advertising °
Renting a Targeted List 78
Asking Previous Vendors 7
Attending Trade Shows 7
Preparing and Distributing a Request for Proposal 79
Managing RFP Questions and Responses 80
Responding to Bidder Questions 80
Vendor Evaluation 81
Establishing Vendor Evaluation Criteria 81
Evaluating Responses to the RFP 83
Vendor Selection 83
Vendor Contracting 84
No Award 84
Single Award 84
Multiple Awards 84
Contract Management 85
Types of Contracts 85
Discussion Points for Negotiating the Final Contract 87
Final Contract Negotiation 87
Vendor Management 88
Expectation Setting — Getting Started 88
Monitoring Progress and Performance 89
Transitioning from Vendor to Client 90
Closing Out a Vendor Contract 91
Writing an Effective Project Overview Statement 91
Parts of the POS 93
Stating the Problem or Opportunity 94
Establishing the Project Goal 95
Defining the Project Objectives 97
Identifying Success Criteria 98
Listing Assumptions, Risks, and Obstacles 100
Attachments 102
Chapter 4
Risk Analysis 102
Financial Analyses 102
Gaining Approval to Plan the Project 104
Participants in the Approval Process 105
Approval Criteria 107
Project Approval Status 107
Putting It All Together 107
Discussion Questions 108
How to Plan a Project 109
Tools, Templates, and Processes Used to Plan a Project 111
The Importance of Planning 112
Using Application Software Packages to Plan a Project 113
Determining the Need for a Software Package? 113
Project Planning Tools 114
Sticky Notes 114
Marking Pens 115
Whiteboard 115
How Much Time Should Planning Take? 116
Running the Planning Session 116
Planning and Conducting Joint Project Planning Sessions 117
Planning the JPPS 118
Attendees 119
Facilities 122
Equipment 122
The Complete Planning Agenda 122
Deliverables 123
Conducting the JPPS 124
Building the Work Breakdown Structure 124
Uses for the WBS 126
Thought-Process Tool 127
Architectural-Design Tool 127
Planning Tool 127
Project-Status-Reporting Tool 127
Generating the WBS 128
Top-Down Approach 129
Bottom-Up Approach 130
Using the WBS for Large Projects 131
Iterative Development of the WBS 132
Six Criteria to Test for Completeness in the WBS 132
Status and Completion Are Measurable 133
The Activity Is Bounded 134
The Activity Has a Deliverable 134
Time and Cost Are Easily Estimated 134
Activity Duration Is Within Acceptable Limits 135
Work Assignments Are Independent 135
The Seventh Criteria for Judging Completeness 136
Exceptions to the Completion Criteria Rule 136
Approaches to Building the WBS 137
Noun-Type Approaches 13°
Verb-Type Approaches 139
Organizational Approaches I40
Selecting the Best Approach I41
Representing the WBS 141
Estimating
Estimating Duration
Resource Loading versus Task Duration I4
Variation in Task Duration 148
Six Methods for Estimating Task Duration i49
Extrapolating Based on Similarity to Other Activities 149
Studying Historical Data 149
Seeking Expert Advice 150
Applying the Delphi Technique 150
Applying the Three-Point Technique 151
Applying the Wide-Band Delphi Technique 152
Estimation Life Cycles 152
Estimating Resource Requirements 153
People as Resources 154
Resource Breakdown Structure 155
Determining Resource Requirements 156
Resource Planning 157
Estimating Cost 158
Cost Budgeting 159
Cost Control 160
Constructing the Project Network Diagram 160
Envisioning a Complex Project Network Diagram 161
Benefits to Network-Based Scheduling 161
Building the Network Diagram Using the Precedence
Diagramming Method 163
Dependencies 165
Constraints 167
Technical Constraints 167
Management Constraints 169
Interproject Constraints 169
Date Constraints 170
Using the Lag Variable 171
Creating an Initial Project Network Schedule 171
Critical Path 174
Near-Critical Path 176
Analyzing the Initial Project Network Diagram 176
Compressing the Schedule 177
Management Reserve 179
Planning for Project Risk: The Risk Management Life Cycle 180
Risk Identification 181
Risk Categories 181
Candidate Risk Drivers 183
Risk Assessment 183
Static Risk Assessment 184
Dynamic Risk Assessment 185
Risk Mitigation 187
Risk Monitoring and Control 187
Writing an Effective Project Proposal 188
Contents of the Project Proposal 189
Executive Summary 189
Background 189
Objective 189
Overview of the Approach to Be Taken 189
Detailed Statement of the Work 190
Time and Cost Summary 190
Appendices 190
Format of the Project Proposal 190
Gaining Approval to Launch the Project 190
Putting It All Together 191
Discussion Questions 191
Chapter 5 How to Launch a Project 195
Tools, Templates, and Processes Used to Launch a Project 196
Recruiting the Project Team 197
Core Team Members 197
When to Select the Core Team Members 198
Selection Criteria 198
Client Team 201
When to Select the Client Team 201
Selection Criteria 201
Contract Team Members 201
Implications of Adding Contract Team Members 202
Selection Criteria 202
Balancing a Team 203
Assimilating 204
Diverging 204
Accommodating 204
Converging 204
Developing a Team Deployment Strategy 205
Developing a Team Development Plan 205
Conducting the Project Kick-Off Meeting 206
Sponsor-Led Part 206
Project Manager-Led Part 206
Purpose of the Project Kick-Off Meeting 207
Attendees 207
Facilities and Equipment 208
The Working Session Agenda 208
Establishing Team Operating Rules 211
Situations that Require Team Operating Rules 211
Problem Solving 212
Decision Making 214
Conflict Resolution 217
Consensus Building 219
Brainstorming 220
Team Meetings 221
Team War Room 223
Physical Layout 223
Variations 223
Operational Uses 224
Managing Scope Changes 224
The Scope Change Management Process 224
Management Reserve 227
Scope Bank 229
Managing Team Communications 229
Establishing a Communications Model 229
Timing 230
Content 230
Choosing Effective Channels 230
Managing Communication beyond the Team 233
Managing Communications with the Sponsor 233
Upward Communication Filtering and Good News 234
Communicating with Other Stakeholders 235
Assigning Resources 235
Leveling Resources 236
Acceptably Leveled Schedule 238
Resource-Leveling Strategies 239
Utilizing Available Slack 239
Shifting the Project Finish Date 239
Smoothing 240
Alternative Methods of Scheduling Tasks 240
Further Decomposition of Tasks 240
Stretching Tasks 241
Assigning Substitute Resources 241
Cost Impact of Resource Leveling 242
Finalizing the Project Schedule 242
Writing Work Packages 244
Purpose of a Work Package 245
Format of a Work Package 245
Work Package Assignment Sheet 246
Work Package Description Report 247
Putting It All Together 247
Discussion Questions 249
Chapter 6 How to Monitor and Control a Project 251
Tools, Templates, and Processes Used to Monitor and
Control a Project 252
Establishing Your Progress Reporting System 253
Types of Project Status Reports 253
Current Period Reports 254
Cumulative Reports 254
Exception Reports 254
Stoplight Reports 254
Variance Reports 255
How and What Information to Update 257
Frequency of Gathering and Reporting Project Progress 259
Variances 259
Positive Variances 259
Negative Variances 260
Applying Graphical Reporting Tools 260
Gantt Charts 260
Stoplight Reports 261
Burn Charts 261
Milestone Trend Charts 261
Earned Value Analysis 265
Integrating Milestone Trend Charts and Earned Value
Analysis 270
Integrating Earned Value 271
Integrating Milestone Trend Data 271
Managing the Scope Bank 273
Building and Maintaining the Issues Log 274
Managing Project Status Meetings 275
Who Should Attend Status Meetings? 275
When Are Status Meetings Held? 276
What Is the Purpose of a Status Meeting? 276
What Is the Status Meeting Format? 276
The 15-Minute Daily Status Meeting 277
Problem Management Meetings 278
Defining a Problem Escalation Strategy 278
Project Manager-Based Strategies 279
Resource Manager-Based Strategies 279
Client-Based Strategies 279
The Escalation Strategy Hierarchy 280
Gaining Approval to Close the Project 281
Putting It All Together 281
Discussion Questions 282
Chapter 7 How to Close a Project 283
Tools, Templates, and Processes Used to Close a Project 284
Writing and Maintaining Client Acceptance Procedures 284
Closing a Project 284
Getting Client Acceptance 285
Ceremonial Acceptance 285
Formal Acceptance 285
Installing Project Deliverables 286
Phased Approach 286
Cut-Over Approach 286
Parallel Approach 286
By-Business-Unit Approach 287
Documenting the Project 287
Reference for Future Changes in Deliverables 287
Historical Record for Estimating Duration and Cost on
Future Projects, Activities, and Tasks 287
Training Resource for New Project Managers 287
Input for Further Training and Development of the Project
Team 288
Input for Performance Evaluation by the Functional
Managers of the Project Team Members 288
Conducting the Post-Implementation Audit 289
Writing the Final Report 291
Celebrating Success 292
Putting It All Together 292
Discussion Questions 292
Part II Establishing Project Management Life Cycles
and Strategies 295
Chapter 8 Project Management Landscape 297
Assessing Goal and Solution Clarity and Completeness 299
Traditional Project Management (TPM) Approaches 301
Low Complexity 302
Few Scope Change Requests 302
Well-Understood Technology Infrastructure 303
Low Risk 303
Experienced and Skilled Project Teams 303
Plan-driven TPM Projects 303
Agile Project Management (APM) Approaches 304
A Critical Problem Without a Known Solution 305
A Previously Untapped Business Opportunity 306
APM Projects Are Critical to the Organization 306
Meaningful Client Involvement Is Essential 306
APM Projects Use Small Co-located Teams 306
Extreme Project Management (xPM) Approaches 307
The xPM Project Is a Research and Development Project 307
The xPM Project Is Very High Risk 308
Emertxe Project Management (MPx) Approaches 308
A New Technology Without a Known Application 308
A Solution Out Looking for a Problem to Solve 309
Understanding the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain
of Projects 309
Requirements 311
Flexibility 312
Adaptability 313
Change 313
Risk vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 314
Team Cohesiveness vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 314
Communications vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 315
Client Involvement vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 316
The Client s Comfort Zone 317
Ownership by the Client 318
Client Sign-Off 318
Specification vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 319
Change vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 320
Business Value vs. the Complexity/Uncertainty Domain 321
Additional Factors Affecting the Choice of Best-Fit PMLC
Model 322
Total Cost 322
Duration 322
Market Stability 322
Technology 323
Business Climate 323
Number of Departments Affected 323
Organizational Environment 324
Team Skills and Competencies 324
Introducing Project Management Life Cycles 324
Traditional Project Management Approaches 328
Linear Project Management Life Cycle Model 328
Incremental Project Management Life Cycle Model 329
Agile Project Management Approaches 330
Iterative Project Management Life Cycle Model 331
Adaptive Project Management Life Cycle Model 332
Extreme Project Management Approach 332
Emertxe Project Management Life Cycle Model 334
Recap of PMLC Models 335
Similarities between the PMLC Models 336
Differences between the PMLC Models 336
Choosing the Best-Fit PMLC Model 336
Putting It All Together 338
Discussion Questions 338
Chapter 9 Traditional Project Management 341
What Is Traditional Project Management? 342
Linear Project Management Life Cycle 343
Definition 343
Characteristics 344
Complete and Clearly Denned Goal, Solution,
Requirements, Functions, and Features 344
Few Expected Scope Change Requests 345
Routine and Repetitive Activities 345
Benefits of Using Established Templates 348
Strengths 349
Entire Project Is Scheduled at the Beginning of the Project 349
Resource Requirements Are Known from the Start 349
The Linear PMLC Model Does Not Require the Most
Skilled Team Members 350
Team Members Do Not Have to Be Co-Located 350
Weaknesses 350
Does Not Accommodate Change Very Well 351
Costs Too Much 351
Takes Too Long before Any Deliverables Are Produced 351
Requires Complete and Detailed Plans 351
Must Follow a Rigid Sequence of Processes 353
Is Not Focused on Client Value 353
When to Use a Linear PMLC Model 353
Variations to the Linear PMLC Model 353
The Rapid Linear PMLC Model 354
Feature-Driven Development Linear PMLC Model 355
Considerations in Choosing a Variation 356
Adapting and Integrating the Tools, Templates, and
Processes for Maximum Effectiveness 357
Incremental Project Management life Cycle 357
Definition 358
Characteristics 359
Strengths 359
Produces Business Value Early in the Project 359
Enables You to Better Schedule Scarce Resources 359
Can Accommodate Minor Scope Change Requests
Between Increments 360
Offers a Product Improvement Opportunity 360
More Focused on Client Value Than the Linear PMLC
Model 360
Weaknesses 360
The Team May Not Remain Intact Between Increments 361
This Model Requires Handoff Documentation Between
Increments 361
The Model Must Follow a Defined Set of Processes 361
You Must Define Increments Based on Function and
Feature Dependencies Rather Than Business Value 362
You Must Have More Client Involvement Than Linear
PMLC Models 363
An Incremental PMLC Model Takes Longer Than the
Linear PMLC Model 363
Partitioning the Functions May Be Problematic 363
When to Use an Incremental PMLC 364
Adapting and Integrating the Tools, Templates, and
Processes for Maximum Effectiveness 364
Putting It All Together 365
Discussion Questions 367
Chapter 10 Using Critical Chain Project Management 369
What Is the Critical Chain? 370
Variation in Duration: Common Cause versus Special Cause 370
Statistical Validation of the Critical Chain Approach 371
The Critical Chain Project Management Approach 373
Step 1: Creating the Early Schedule Project Network Diagram 373
Step 2: Converting the Early Schedule to the Late Schedule
and Adding Resources 374
Step 3: Resolving Resource Conflicts 374
Establishing Buffers 375
Denning Buffers 375
Types of Buffers 376
Project Buffers 376
Feeding Buffers 376
Resource Buffers 376
Other Buffers 376
Using Buffers 377
Managing Buffers 377
Penetration into the First Third of the Buffer 378
Penetration into the Middle Third of the Buffer 378
Penetration into the Final Third of the Buffer 378
Track Record of Critical Chain Project Management 380
Putting It All Together 381
Discussion Questions 381
Chapter 11 Agile Project Management 383
What Is Agile Project Management? 385
Implementing APM Projects 386
Fully Supported Production Versions of Partial Solutions
Are Released to the End User Quarterly or
Semi-Annually 386
Intermediate Versions Are Released to a Focus Group
Every 2-4 Weeks 387
Co-Located APM Project Teams 387
Cross-Project Dependencies 388
Project Portfolio Management 388
Iterative Project Management Life Cycle 390
Definition of the Iterative PMLC Model 390
Most of the Solution Is Clearly Known 391
Likely to be Multiple Scope Change Requests 391
Concern about Lack of Client Involvement 392
Scoping Phase of an Iterative PMLC Model 392
Planning Phase of an Iterative PMLC Model 392
The Complete Plan for Building the Known Solution 393
The Partial Plan for the High-Priority Functions 393
Launching Phase of an Iterative PMLC Model 394
Monitoring and Controlling Phase of an Iterative PMLC
Model 394
Closing Phase of an Iterative PMLC Model 395
Characteristics 395
The Solution Is Known, But Not to the Expected Depth 395
Often Uses Iconic or Simulated Prototypes to Discover the
Complete Solution 395
Strengths 395
Client Reviews Current Partial Solution for Improvement 396
Can Process Scope Changes Between Iterations 396
Adaptable to Changing Business Conditions 396
Weaknesses 396
Requires a More Actively Involved Client Than TPM
projects 396
Requires Co-Located Teams 397
Difficult to Implement Intermediate Solutions 397
Final Solution Cannot Be Defined at the Start of the Project 397
Types of Iterative PMLC Models 397
Prototyping PMLC Model 398
Rational Unified Process (RUP) 400
When to Use an Iterative PMLC Model 403
Intuitive to the Client 403
Easily Engages the Client 403
Immediate Feedback on the Effect of Solution Change 404
Tolerant of Assessing and Evaluating the Impact of
Alternatives 404
No Fixed Deadline for Completion 404
Adaptive Project Management Life Cycle 404
Definition 404
Scoping Phase of an Adaptive PMLC Model 406
Planning Phase of an Adaptive PMLC Model 406
Launching Phase of an Adaptive PMLC Model 407
Monitoring and Controlling Phase of an Adaptive PMLC
Model 407
Closing Phase of an Adaptive PMLC Model 408
Characteristics 408
Iterative Structure 409
Just-in-Time Planning 409
Critical Mission Projects 409
Thrives on Change through Learning and Discovery 409
Strengths 409
Does Not Waste Time on Non-Value-Added Work 410
Avoids All Management Issues Processing Scope Change
Requests 410
Does Not Waste Time Planning Uncertainty 410
Provides Maximum Business Value Within the Given
Time and Cost Constraints 410
Weaknesses of the Adaptive PMLC Model 411
Must Have Meaningful Client Involvement 411
Cannot Identify Exactly What Will Be Delivered at the End
of the Project 411
Types of Adaptive PMLC Models 411
Adaptive Software Development (ASD) 412
Adaptive Project Framework 414
Client Situation 444
Goal 444
Objectives 444
Solution 444
Phase I: Needs Analysis 445
Phase II: PMM High-level Design 445
Phase HI: PMM Detailed Design and Documentation 445
Phase IV: PMM Implementation 446
Phase V: PMM Training Program 446
Business Value and Selected Success Criteria 447
Roles and Responsibilities 447
Project Schedule 448
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) 449
Scrum 450
When to Use an Adaptive PMLC Model 454
Has the Client Had Successful Adaptive Project
Experience Before? 454
Will this First-Time Adaptive Project Client Be
Meaningfully Involved? 455
Has the Client Appointed a Qualified Co-Project Manager? 456
Adapting and Integrating the APM Toolkit 456
Scoping the Next Iteration/Cycle 456
Planning the Next Iteration/Cycle 457
Launching the Next Iteration/Cycle 458
Monitoring and Controlling the Next Iteration/Cycle 458
Closing the Next Iteration/Cycle 459
Deciding to Conduct the Next Iteration/Cycle 459
Closing the Project 459
Putting It All Together 460
Discussion Questions 460
Chapter 12 Extreme Project Management 463
What Is Extreme Project Management? 464
Extreme Project Management Life Cycle 464
Definition 464
Characteristics 465
High Speed 465
High Change 465
High Uncertainty 466
Strengths 466
Keeps Options Open as Late as Possible 466
Offers an Early Look at a Number of Partial Solutions 466
Weaknesses 466
May Be Looking for Solutions in All the Wrong Places 467
No Guarantee That Any Business Value Will Result from
the Project Deliverables 467
INSPIRE Extreme PMLC Model 467
INitiate 469
SPeculate 473
Incubate 477
REview 479
What Is Emertxe Project Management? 480
The Emertxe Project Management Life Cycle 481
When to Use an Emertxe PMLC Model 481
Research and Development Projects 481
Problem-Solution Projects 481
Using the Tools, Templates, and Processes for Maximum
xPM Effectiveness 482
Scoping the Next Phase 482
Planning the Next Phase 483
Launching the Next Phase 484
Monitoring and Controlling the Next Phase 484
Closing the Phase 485
Deciding to Conduct the Next Phase 485
Closing the Project 485
Putting It All Together 485
Discussion Questions 485
Part 111 Building an Effective Project Management Infrastructure 489
Chapter 13 Establishing and Maturing a Project Support Office 491
Background of the Project Support Office 492
Defining a Project Support Office 493
Temporary or Permanent Organizational Unit 494
Portfolio of Services 494
Specific Portfolio of Projects 495
Naming the Project Support Office 496
Establishing Your PSO s Mission 497
Framing PSO Objectives 498
Exploring PSO Support Functions 498
Project Support 499
Consulting and Mentoring 499
Methods and Standards 500
Software Tools 501
Training 502
Staffing and Development 503
Project Manager Resources 504
Project Team Members 504
Selecting PSO Organizational Structures 505
Virtual versus Real 505
Proactive versus Reactive 506
Temporary versus Permanent 506
Program versus Projects 506
Enterprise versus Functional 507
Hub-and-Spoke 507
Understanding the Organizational Placement of the PSO 507
Determining When You Need a Project Support Office 509
The Standish Group Report 509
User Involvement 510
Executive Management Support 511
Clear Business Objectives 511
Agile Optimization 512
Emotional Maturity 512
Project Management Expertise 512
Financial Management 513
Skilled Resources 513
Formal Methodology 513
Tools and Infrastructure 513
Spotting Symptoms That You Need a PSO 514
Establishing a PSO 516
PSO Stages of Maturity Growth 516
Level 1: Initial 517
Level 2: Repeatable 517
Level 3: Defined 517
Level 4: Managed 518
Level 5: Optimized 518
Planning a PSO 518
ThePOS 518
Planning Steps 521
Facing the Challenges of Implementing a PSO 528
Speed and Patience 529
Leadership from the Bottom Up 529
A Systems Thinking Perspective 529
Enterprise-Wide Systems 529
Knowledge Management 529
Learning and Learned Project Organizations 530
Open Communications 530
Putting It All Together 530
Discussion Questions 530
Chapter 14 Establishing and Managing a Project Portfolio
Management Process 533
Introduction to Project Portfolio Management 534
Portfolio Management Concepts 534
What Is a Portfolio Project? 534
What Is a Project Portfolio? 535
What Is Project Portfolio Management? 536
The Project Portfolio Management Life Cycle 536
ESTABLISH a Portfolio Strategy 538
Strategic Alignment Model 539
Boston Consulting Group Products/Services Matrix 541
Project Distribution Matrix 542
Growth versus Survival Model 544
Project Investment Categories Model 544
Choosing Where to Apply These Models 545
EVALUATE Project Alignment to the Portfolio Strategy 546
PRIORITIZE Projects and Hold Pending Funding
Authorization 546
Forced Ranking 547
Q-Sort 548
Must-Do, Should-Do, Postpone 548
Criteria Weighting 549
Paired Comparisons Model 550
Risk/Benefit 551
SELECT a Balanced Portfolio Using the Prioritized List 553
Balancing the Portfolio 553
Strategic Alignment Model and Weighted Criteria 554
Project Distribution Matrix and Forced Ranking Model 556
Graham-Englund Selection Model and the Risk/Benefit
Matrix 558
Balancing Using Partial Funding or Staffing of Projects 562
MANAGE the Active Projects 562
Project Status 563
The Role of the Project Manager 564
Reporting Portfolio Performance 564
Schedule Performance Index and Cost Performance Index 565
SPI and CPI Trend Charts 565
Spotting Out-of-Control Situations 565
Closing Projects in the Portfolio 569
Attainment of Explicit Business Value 569
Lessons Learned 570
Roles and Responsibilities of the PSO in Portfolio
Management 570
Project Sponsor 570
Portfolio Manager 571
Proposal Intake and Evaluation 571
Project Prioritization 571
Selection Support to the Portfolio Manager 571
Monitoring and Reporting to the Portfolio Manager 571
Facilitate Project Review Sessions 571
Preparing Your Project for Submission to the Portfolio
Management Process 572
A Revised Project Overview Statement 572
Parts of the POS 573
POS Attachments 575
A Two-Step Submission Process 576
A New Submission Process 576
Agile Project Portfolio Management 578
Putting It All Together 580
Discussion Questions 580
Chapter 15 Establishing and Managing a Continuous Process
Improvement Program 583
Understanding Project Management Processes and Practices 584
The Project Management Process 585
How Was It Developed? 585
How Complete Is It? 585
How Is It Documented? 585
How Is It Supported? 586
How Is It Updated? 586
The Practice of the Project Management Process 586
Are All Project Managers Required to Use the Process? 586
Can Project Managers Substitute Other Tools, Templates,
and Processes as They Deem Appropriate? 587
Is There a Way to Incorporate Best Practices into the
Practice of the Project Management Process? 587
How Are Project Managers Monitored for Compliance? 587
How Are Corrective Action Steps Taken to Correct for
Noncompliance? 587
How Are Project Manager Practices Monitored for Best
Practices? 587
Defining Process and Practice Maturity 588
Level 1: Ad hoc or Informal 589
Level 2: Documented Processes 589
Level 3: Documented Processes That Everyone Uses 589
Level 4: Integrated into Business Processes 590
Level 5: Continuous Improvement 590
Measuring Project Management Process and Practice
Maturity 591
The Process Quality Matrix and Zone Map 591
What Process Has Been Defined So Far? 595
Step 1: Define the Process 596
Step 2: Validate and Finalize the PQM 596
Step 3: Establish Correlations 596
Step 4: Establish Metrics 596
Step 5: Assess Project Managers against the PMMA 597
Step 6: Assess Maturity Levels 597
Step 7: Plot Results on the PQM Zone Map 597
Using the Continuous Process Improvement Model 597
Phase 1: Foundation 597
Develop Mission/Vision Statement 598
Identify CSFs 599
Identify Business Processes 599
Relate CSFs to Business Processes 599
Phase 2: Assessment and Analysis 599
Conduct Gap Analysis 600
Select Knowledge Area or PM Process 600
Identify Improvement Opportunities 600
Analyze Improvement Opportunities 601
Phase 3: Improvement Initiatives 601
Define the Project Scope 602
Plan Project Activities 602
Schedule Project Work 602
Monitor Project Progress 602
Phase 4: Check Results 602
Defining Roles and Responsibilities of the PSO 603
Realizing the Benefits of Implementing a CPIM 603
Applying CPIM to Business Processes 604
Characteristics of Business Processes 605
Process Effectiveness 605
Process Efficiency 606
Streamlining Tools 606
Watching Indicators of Needed Improvement 609
Documenting the As Is Business Process 609
Envisioning the To Be State 610
Defining the Gap between As Is and To Be 610
Defining a Business Process Improvement Project 610
Using Process Improvement Tools, Templates, and Processes 611
Fishbone Diagrams and Root Cause Analysis 612
Control Charts 615
Flowcharting 615
Histograms 616
Pareto Analysis 617
Run Charts 618
Scatter Diagrams 619
Force Field Analysis 620
Trigger Values 622
Putting It All Together 622
Discussion Questions 623
Basic Flow of Placing an Order 623
Part IV Managing the Realities of Projects 625
Chapter 16 Managing Distressed Projects 627
What Is a Distressed Project? 628
Why Projects Become Distressed or Fail 629
Poor, Inadequate, or No Requirements Documentation 629
Inappropriate or Insufficient Sponsorship 629
Complexity of Requirements Not Recognized 629
Unwillingness to Make Tough Decisions 630
Lag Time between Project Approval and Kick-Off 630
No Plan Revision after Significant Cuts in Resources or
Time 630
Estimates Done with Little Planning or Thought 631
Overcommitment of Staff Resources 631
Inconsistent Client Sign-Off 631
No Credibility in the Baseline Plan 631
Unmanageable Project Scope 631
Managing Distressed Projects 632
Prevention Management Strategies 632
Using Tools, Templates, and Processes to Prevent Distressed
Projects 632
Requirements Gathering 633
WBS Construction 634
Dynamic Risk Management Process 634
Scope Change Management Process 635
Milestone Trend Charts 636
Earned Value Analysis 637
Intervention Management Strategies 639
Analyze Current Situation: Where Are We? 639
Revise Desired Goal: Where Can We Go? 644
Evaluate Options: How Can We Get There? 647
Generate Revised Plan: How Will We Get There? 649
Roles and Responsibilities of the PSO with Respect to
Distressed Projects 650
Analyzing the Current Situation 652
Revising the Desired Goal 652
Evaluating the Options 652
Generating the Revised Plan 653
Putting It All Together 653
Discussion Questions 653
Chapter 17 Managing Multiple Team Projects 655
What Is a Multiple Team Project? 655
Challenges to Managing a Multiple Team Project 657
Working with Fiercely Independent Team Cultures 658
Working with Different Team Processes 658
Accommodating Competing Priorities 659
Communicating within the Team Structure 659
Establishing a Project Management Structure 659
Establishing One Project Management Life Cycle 659
Building an Integrated Project Plan and Schedule 660
Defining a Requirements Gathering Approach 660
Establishing a Scope Change Management Process 661
Defining the Team Meeting Structure 661
Establishing Manageable Reporting Levels 661
Sharing Resources across Teams 662
Searching Out Your Second 662
Classifying Multiple Team Projects 662
Two Teams 662
Update or Enhance and Global 663
New and Global 663
Multiple Teams 663
Update or Enhance 663
Update or Enhance and Global 664
New 664
New and Global 664
Project Office Structure 664
Project Office Characteristics 665
Organize and Manage the Entire Project 666
Develop the High-Level Project Plan in Collaboration with
Team Managers 666
Integrate and Coordinate the Project Plans of Each Team 666
Maintain the Overall Project Schedule 666
Monitor and Manage Resource Use 666
Prepare and Distribute Project Status Reports 666
Plan and Conduct Team Meetings 667
Process Scope Change Requests 667
Solve Problems Escalated from the Individual Project
Teams 667
Negotiate and Resolve Problems between Teams 667
Project Office Strengths 667
Coordinates the Work of Several Independent Teams 667
Scales to Large Projects 668
Managed from a Single Integrated Plan 668
Integrated Resource Management Control 668
Allows Teams to Maintain Their Practices 668
Project Office Weaknesses 669
Requires Management Across Disparate Practices 669
Requires Team Members to Manage Competing Priorities 669
May Involve a Cumbersome Scope Change Management
Process 669
When to Use a PO 670
Core Team Structure 670
Core Team Characteristics 670
Advise Each Team on Technical Matters 671
Provide Subject Matter Expertise on Enterprise Systems
and Processes ^
Support Each Team as Requested and as Needed 673
Collaborate with and Advise the CT Manager as Requested 673
Negotiate and Help Resolve Inter-Team Problems 673
Core Team Strengths 673
Enables the CT Manager to Select CT Members 674
Provides the Best Available Advice to the CT Manager 674
Coordinates the Work of Several Teams 674
Lends Support and Credibility to the Decisions of the CT
Manager 674
Assigns Core Team Members 100 Percent to This Project 674
Takes Advantage of the Most Experienced SMEs 675
Allows Teams to Retain Their Business Unit Practices 675
Core Team Weaknesses 675
May Not Scale to the Larger Projects 675
Does Not Necessarily Integrate Individual Team Plans 676
Must Manage across Disparate Practices 676
How to Deal with Divided Loyalties 676
Repeatedly Uses the Same SMEs 676
When to Use a CT 676
Super Team Structure 677
Super Team Characteristics 678
Organize and Manage the Project 679
Develop the Project Plan 680
Maintain the Overall Project Schedule 680
Monitor and Manage Resource Utilization 680
Prepare and Distribute Project Status Reports 680
Plan and Conduct Team Meetings 680
Process Scope Change Requests 680
Super Team Strengths 681
Manages from a Single Integrated Source 681
Scales to Large Projects 681
Integrates Resource Management Control 681
Standardizes on a Set of Tools, Templates, and Processes 681
Super Team Weaknesses 682
The Difficulty in Establishing Standardization 682
Team Members Have to Decide among Competing
Priorities 682
When to Use an ST 682
Putting It All Together 683
Discussion Questions 684
Epilogue: Putting It All Together Finally 685
What Business Situation Is Being Addressed? 686
What Do You Need To Do? 686
Experience Acquisition 686
On-the-job Training 687
Off-the-job Training 687
Professional Activities 687
What Will You Do? 688
How Will You Do It? 688
How Will You Know You Did It? 688
How Well Did You Do? 688
Where Do You Go from Here? — A New Idea to Consider 688
The PM / BA Position Family 689
Team Member 692
Task Manager 692
Associate Manager 693
Senior Manager 694
Program Manager 695
Director 696
Using the PM/BA Landscape for Professional Development 697
What Might a Professional Development Program Look Like? 697
Experience Acquisition 698
On-the-Job Training 699
Off-the-job Training 699
Professional Activities 699
Using the PDP 700
Career Planning Using the BA/PM Landscape 701
Putting It All Together 703
Appendix A What s on the Web Site? 705
Appendix B Bibliography 707
Index 719
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Wysocki, Robert K. |
author_facet | Wysocki, Robert K. |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Wysocki, Robert K. |
author_variant | r k w rk rkw |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV023748728 |
classification_rvk | QP 360 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)603619124 (DE-599)BVBBV023748728 |
dewey-full | 658.4/04 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 658 - General management |
dewey-raw | 658.4/04 |
dewey-search | 658.4/04 |
dewey-sort | 3658.4 14 |
dewey-tens | 650 - Management and auxiliary services |
discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
edition | 5. ed. |
format | Book |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:33:55Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780470423677 |
language | English |
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spelling | Wysocki, Robert K. Verfasser aut Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme Robert K. Wysocki 5. ed. Indianapolis, Ind. Wiley 2009 XXXVII, 734 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd rswk-swf Projektorganisation (DE-588)4135546-5 gnd rswk-swf Projektplanung (DE-588)4115649-3 gnd rswk-swf Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 s Projektorganisation (DE-588)4135546-5 s Projektplanung (DE-588)4115649-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017297803&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Wysocki, Robert K. Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd Projektorganisation (DE-588)4135546-5 gnd Projektplanung (DE-588)4115649-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4047441-0 (DE-588)4135546-5 (DE-588)4115649-3 |
title | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme |
title_auth | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme |
title_exact_search | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme |
title_full | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme Robert K. Wysocki |
title_fullStr | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme Robert K. Wysocki |
title_full_unstemmed | Effective project management traditional, agile, extreme Robert K. Wysocki |
title_short | Effective project management |
title_sort | effective project management traditional agile extreme |
title_sub | traditional, agile, extreme |
topic | Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd Projektorganisation (DE-588)4135546-5 gnd Projektplanung (DE-588)4115649-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Projektmanagement Projektorganisation Projektplanung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017297803&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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