The cost of climate policy:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vancouver [u.a.]
UBC Press
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Sustainability and the environment
7 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 242 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0774809507 0774809515 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Jaccard, Mark |d 1955- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128429895 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The cost of climate policy |c Mark Jaccard, John Nyboer, and Bryn Sadownik |
| 264 | 1 | |a Vancouver [u.a.] |b UBC Press |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 242 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Sustainability and the environment |v 7 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Air -- Pollution -- Economic aspects -- Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects -- Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aur quality management -- Government policy -- Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation -- Compliance costs -- Canada | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kanada | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nyboer, John |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sadownik, Bryn |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Sustainability and the environment |v 7 |w (DE-604)BV011353174 |9 7 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138231584784384 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Figures and Tables / viii
Acronyms / xii
Preface / xiv
Introduction / xvii
1 The Climate Change Threat: Why Reduce GHG Emissions? / 3
2 The Challenges of Estimating Emission Reduction Costs / 25
3 A Method for Estimating Policy Costs / 49
4 National Estimates / 72
5 Sectoral Estimates / 100
6 Regional Estimates / 141
7 Domestic Policy Options / 175
8 The Next Steps: Addressing the Uncertainties of GHG Abatement
Costs / 199
Notes / 209
Glossary / 223
Selected Bibliography / 229
Index / 234
Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 Greenhouse effect / 4
1.2 The carbon cycle / 7
1.3 Contribution of human-induced gases to the greenhouse effect / 8
1.4 Trend in the Earth s average annual temperature / 10
1.5 Kaya Identity decomposition equation / 12
1.6 Forecast of CO2 emissions to 2015 in China, the United States, and
Canada / 16
2.1 Energy decision-making hierarchy / 38
2.2 Illustrative GHG emission reduction cost curve / 39
2.3 Benefits and costs of GHG emission reductions / 45
3.1 Position of policy packages or paths in terms of their representation
of different attributes / 51
3.2 Description of policy packages (paths) in the NCCP cost analysis / 52
3.3 Depiction of energy-economy models in terms of technology explicitness,
preference incorporation, and equilibrium feedbacks / 55
3.4 Diagram of CIMS s key components / 57
3.5 Basic steps of CIMS / 58
3.6 Energy flow model of the residential sector / 59
3.7 CIMS s probabilistic determination of technology market share / 64
3.8 Reference case, GHG emissions / 66
3.9 Reference case, energy consumption / 66
3.10 Projected energy prices / 68
4.1 Emission reductions by path in 2010 / 76
4.2 Total costs by path in 2010 / 77
4.3 Source of emission reductions (national target), 2010 / 79
4.4 Energy consumption, 2010 / 80
4.5 Energy used in electricity generation, 2010 / 81
4.6 Emission reduction by sector (national target), 2010 / 82
Figures and Tables ix
4.7 National GHG emission abatement cost curve, calculated from CIMS
results (2010) / 95
4.8 Sector-specific GHG emission abatement cost curves, calculated from
CIMS results (2010) / 95
4.9 Marginal costs and emission reductions in 2010 with international permit
trading / 96
4.10 Total cost with international permit trading / 97
5.1 Sectoral contribution to emission reductions in 2010 (sector and national
targets) / 101
5.2 Relative marginal cost of GHG abatement between the sector target
and the national target / 103
5.3 Total abatement costs by sector / 104
5.4 GHG emission trends, residential sector / 106
5.5 Comparison of residential sector energy consumption in 2010 / 107
5.6 Sources of residential sector direct GHG emission reductions in 2010
(national target) / 108
5.7 Sources of residential sector electricity reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 108
5.8 Residential electricity prices in 2010 / 109
5.9 Residential natural gas prices in 2010 / 110
5.10 GHG emission trends, commercial/institutional sector / 112
5.11 Source of direct GHG reductions in the commercial/institutional sector
in 2010 (national target) / 113
5.12 Commercial/institutional energy consumption in 2010 / 114
5.13 Source of electricity reductions in the commercial/institutional sector
in 2010 (national target) / 114
5.14 GHG emission trends, transportation sector / 117
5.15 Petroleum product consumption in 2010, transportation sector / 118
5.16 Source of transportation emission reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 118
5.17 Gasoline prices in 2010 / 120
5.18 Electricity consumption by sector, 1995 / 122
5.19 GHG emission trends, electricity sector / 123
5.20 Source of electricity supply GHG emission reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 124
5.21 Reference case emissions by industrial subsector / 127
5.22 GHG emission trends, industrial sector / 129
5.23 Energy consumption in 2010, industrial sector / 130
5.24 Emission reductions by industry subsector (Mt CO2e, national target) / 132
5.25 Reduction in GHG emissions relative to reference case by industry
subsector / 133
6.1 Contribution of each region to emission reductions in 2010 / 142
x Figures and Tables
6.2 Contribution of each region to direct total costs / 143
6.3 Reference case emissions by sector, British Columbia / 147
6.4 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in British Columbia,
2010 / 149
6.5 Reference case emissions by sector, Alberta / 151
6.6 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Alberta, 2010 / 153
6.7 Reference case emissions by sector, Saskatchewan / 155
6.8 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Saskatchewan, 2010 / 157
6.9 Reference case emissions by sector, Manitoba / 159
6.10 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Manitoba, 2010 / 161
6.11 Reference case emissions by sector, Ontario / 162
6.12 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Ontario, 2010 / 164
6.13 Reference case emissions by sector, Quebec / 167
6.14 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Quebec, 2010 / 169
6.15 Reference case emissions by sector, Atlantic region / 170
6.16 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in the Atlantic region,
2010/ 173
7.1 Continuum of policy instruments according to degree of
compulsoriness / 177
8.1 Uncertainty and significance of parameters and inputs / 203
Tables
1.1 Atmospheric gases, global warming potentials, and sources / 6
1.2 Time scales of processes that influence or are influenced by the climate
system / 14
1.3 Cumulative and average CO2 emissions of major emitters / 15
1.4 Emissions limitation or reduction commitment of different regions under
the Kyoto Protocol (1990 emissions = 100%) / 18
1.5 Progress report, industry submissions to Voluntary Challenge and
Registry, Inc. / 22
2.1 Reference case decomposition equation / 28
2.2 GHG intensities (t CO2e/capita) and the share of emissions produced
by sector for each region (1996) / 42
3.1 Discount rates used in the analysis / 62
3.2 GHG intensities assumed in the reference case / 67
3.3 Energy net export assumptions / 68
3.4 Examples of Issue Table measures / 69
3.5 Definition of sectors / 70
4.1 Details of emissions trading coverage / 73
4.2 Total costs and emissions reduced, by path / 77
4.3 Decomposition equation applied to the results / 79
4.4 Competitiveness impacts in 2010, national target (% change from
reference case) / 84
Figures and Tables xi
4.5 Impacts to households, national target (% change from reference
case) / 85
4.6 Comparison of permit-trading price and GDP impact: CIMS,
MARKAL / 87
4.7 Sensitivity of the availability of CO2 capture and sequestration to cost / 91
4.8 Sensitivity analysis of interprovincial electricity trade / 92
4.9 Representation of air quality impacts (national target) / 93
5.1 Marginal cost required to reach target, by sector ($/t CO2e) / 102
5.2 Emission reductions required by sector to meet targets (Mt CO2e) under
the sector target modelling simulation / 102
5.3 GHG emission reductions, residential sector / 106
5.4 GHG abatement costs, residential sector / 109
5.5 Annual residential costs, per person and per household / 110
5.6 GHG emissions reductions, commercial/institutional sector / 112
5.7 GHG abatement costs, commercial/institutional sector / 115
5.8 GHG emission reductions, transportation sector / 117
5.9 GHG emission abatement costs, transportation sector / 120
5.10 Increase in annual transportation costs, per person and per
household / 121
5.11 GHG emission reductions, electricity sector / 123
5.12 GHG emission abatement costs, electricity sector / 126
5.13 Industrial subsector models in CIMS / 128
5.14 GHG emission reductions, industry sector / 129
5.15 GHG abatement costs, industry sector / 136
5.16 Total GHG abatement costs by individual subsector (billion $1995) under
the national target and sector target / 136
5.17 GDP, productivity, input costs, and capital costs, by type of firm in
2010 / 137
5.18 GHG emission reductions, agriculture measures / 138
5.19 Summary of GHG reduction potential, afforestation actions / 139
6.1 Summary table of emission reductions and costs by region / 144
6.2 Emission reductions and costs, British Columbia / 148
6.3 Emission reductions and costs, Alberta / 152
6.4 Emission reductions and costs, Saskatchewan / 156
6.5 Emission reductions and costs, Manitoba / 160
6.6 Emission reductions and costs, Ontario / 163
6.7 Emission reductions and costs, Quebec / 168
6.8 Emission reductions and costs, Atlantic region / 172
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Figures and Tables / viii
Acronyms / xii
Preface / xiv
Introduction / xvii
1 The Climate Change Threat: Why Reduce GHG Emissions? / 3
2 The Challenges of Estimating Emission Reduction Costs / 25
3 A Method for Estimating Policy Costs / 49
4 National Estimates / 72
5 Sectoral Estimates / 100
6 Regional Estimates / 141
7 Domestic Policy Options / 175
8 The Next Steps: Addressing the Uncertainties of GHG Abatement
Costs / 199
Notes / 209
Glossary / 223
Selected Bibliography / 229
Index / 234
Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 Greenhouse effect / 4
1.2 The carbon cycle / 7
1.3 Contribution of human-induced gases to the greenhouse effect / 8
1.4 Trend in the Earth's average annual temperature / 10
1.5 Kaya Identity decomposition equation / 12
1.6 Forecast of CO2 emissions to 2015 in China, the United States, and
Canada / 16
2.1 Energy decision-making hierarchy / 38
2.2 Illustrative GHG emission reduction cost curve / 39
2.3 Benefits and costs of GHG emission reductions / 45
3.1 Position of policy packages or "paths" in terms of their representation
of different attributes / 51
3.2 Description of policy packages (paths) in the NCCP cost analysis / 52
3.3 Depiction of energy-economy models in terms of technology explicitness,
preference incorporation, and equilibrium feedbacks / 55
3.4 Diagram of CIMS's key components / 57
3.5 Basic steps of CIMS / 58
3.6 Energy flow model of the residential sector / 59
3.7 CIMS's probabilistic determination of technology market share / 64
3.8 Reference case, GHG emissions / 66
3.9 Reference case, energy consumption / 66
3.10 Projected energy prices / 68
4.1 Emission reductions by path in 2010 / 76
4.2 Total costs by path in 2010 / 77
4.3 Source of emission reductions (national target), 2010 / 79
4.4 Energy consumption, 2010 / 80
4.5 Energy used in electricity generation, 2010 / 81
4.6 Emission reduction by sector (national target), 2010 / 82
Figures and Tables ix
4.7 National GHG emission abatement cost curve, calculated from CIMS
results (2010) / 95
4.8 Sector-specific GHG emission abatement cost curves, calculated from
CIMS results (2010) / 95
4.9 Marginal costs and emission reductions in 2010 with international permit
trading / 96
4.10 Total cost with international permit trading / 97
5.1 Sectoral contribution to emission reductions in 2010 (sector and national
targets) / 101
5.2 Relative marginal cost of GHG abatement between the sector target
and the national target / 103
5.3 Total abatement costs by sector / 104
5.4 GHG emission trends, residential sector / 106
5.5 Comparison of residential sector energy consumption in 2010 / 107
5.6 Sources of residential sector direct GHG emission reductions in 2010
(national target) / 108
5.7 Sources of residential sector electricity reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 108
5.8 Residential electricity prices in 2010 / 109
5.9 Residential natural gas prices in 2010 / 110
5.10 GHG emission trends, commercial/institutional sector / 112
5.11 Source of direct GHG reductions in the commercial/institutional sector
in 2010 (national target) / 113
5.12 Commercial/institutional energy consumption in 2010 / 114
5.13 Source of electricity reductions in the commercial/institutional sector
in 2010 (national target) / 114
5.14 GHG emission trends, transportation sector / 117
5.15 Petroleum product consumption in 2010, transportation sector / 118
5.16 Source of transportation emission reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 118
5.17 Gasoline prices in 2010 / 120
5.18 Electricity consumption by sector, 1995 / 122
5.19 GHG emission trends, electricity sector / 123
5.20 Source of electricity supply GHG emission reductions in 2010 (national
target) / 124
5.21 Reference case emissions by industrial subsector / 127
5.22 GHG emission trends, industrial sector / 129
5.23 Energy consumption in 2010, industrial sector / 130
5.24 Emission reductions by industry subsector (Mt CO2e, national target) / 132
5.25 Reduction in GHG emissions relative to reference case by industry
subsector / 133
6.1 Contribution of each region to emission reductions in 2010 / 142
x Figures and Tables
6.2 Contribution of each region to direct total costs / 143
6.3 Reference case emissions by sector, British Columbia / 147
6.4 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in British Columbia,
2010 / 149
6.5 Reference case emissions by sector, Alberta / 151
6.6 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Alberta, 2010 / 153
6.7 Reference case emissions by sector, Saskatchewan / 155
6.8 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Saskatchewan, 2010 / 157
6.9 Reference case emissions by sector, Manitoba / 159
6.10 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Manitoba, 2010 / 161
6.11 Reference case emissions by sector, Ontario / 162
6.12 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Ontario, 2010 / 164
6.13 Reference case emissions by sector, Quebec / 167
6.14 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in Quebec, 2010 / 169
6.15 Reference case emissions by sector, Atlantic region / 170
6.16 Contribution of sectors to emission reduction in the Atlantic region,
2010/ 173
7.1 Continuum of policy instruments according to degree of
compulsoriness / 177
8.1 Uncertainty and significance of parameters and inputs / 203
Tables
1.1 Atmospheric gases, global warming potentials, and sources / 6
1.2 Time scales of processes that influence or are influenced by the climate
system / 14
1.3 Cumulative and average CO2 emissions of major emitters / 15
1.4 Emissions limitation or reduction commitment of different regions under
the Kyoto Protocol (1990 emissions = 100%) / 18
1.5 Progress report, industry submissions to Voluntary Challenge and
Registry, Inc. / 22
2.1 Reference case decomposition equation / 28
2.2 GHG intensities (t CO2e/capita) and the share of emissions produced
by sector for each region (1996) / 42
3.1 Discount rates used in the analysis / 62
3.2 GHG intensities assumed in the reference case / 67
3.3 Energy net export assumptions / 68
3.4 Examples of Issue Table measures / 69
3.5 Definition of sectors / 70
4.1 Details of emissions trading coverage / 73
4.2 Total costs and emissions reduced, by path / 77
4.3 Decomposition equation applied to the results / 79
4.4 Competitiveness impacts in 2010, national target (% change from
reference case) / 84
Figures and Tables xi
4.5 Impacts to households, national target (% change from reference
case) / 85
4.6 Comparison of permit-trading price and GDP impact: CIMS,
MARKAL / 87
4.7 Sensitivity of the availability of CO2 capture and sequestration to cost / 91
4.8 Sensitivity analysis of interprovincial electricity trade / 92
4.9 Representation of air quality impacts (national target) / 93
5.1 Marginal cost required to reach target, by sector ($/t CO2e) / 102
5.2 Emission reductions required by sector to meet targets (Mt CO2e) under
the sector target modelling simulation / 102
5.3 GHG emission reductions, residential sector / 106
5.4 GHG abatement costs, residential sector / 109
5.5 Annual residential costs, per person and per household / 110
5.6 GHG emissions reductions, commercial/institutional sector / 112
5.7 GHG abatement costs, commercial/institutional sector / 115
5.8 GHG emission reductions, transportation sector / 117
5.9 GHG emission abatement costs, transportation sector / 120
5.10 Increase in annual transportation costs, per person and per
household / 121
5.11 GHG emission reductions, electricity sector / 123
5.12 GHG emission abatement costs, electricity sector / 126
5.13 Industrial subsector models in CIMS / 128
5.14 GHG emission reductions, industry sector / 129
5.15 GHG abatement costs, industry sector / 136
5.16 Total GHG abatement costs by individual subsector (billion $1995) under
the national target and sector target / 136
5.17 GDP, productivity, input costs, and capital costs, by type of firm in
2010 / 137
5.18 GHG emission reductions, agriculture measures / 138
5.19 Summary of GHG reduction potential, afforestation actions / 139
6.1 Summary table of emission reductions and costs by region / 144
6.2 Emission reductions and costs, British Columbia / 148
6.3 Emission reductions and costs, Alberta / 152
6.4 Emission reductions and costs, Saskatchewan / 156
6.5 Emission reductions and costs, Manitoba / 160
6.6 Emission reductions and costs, Ontario / 163
6.7 Emission reductions and costs, Quebec / 168
6.8 Emission reductions and costs, Atlantic region / 172 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023579488 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:40:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:24:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0774809507 0774809515 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXII, 242 S. graph. Darst. |
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| series | Sustainability and the environment |
| series2 | Sustainability and the environment |
| spelling | Jaccard, Mark 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)128429895 aut The cost of climate policy Mark Jaccard, John Nyboer, and Bryn Sadownik Vancouver [u.a.] UBC Press 2002 XXII, 242 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sustainability and the environment 7 Politik Recht Air -- Pollution -- Economic aspects -- Canada Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects -- Canada Aur quality management -- Government policy -- Canada Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation -- Compliance costs -- Canada Kanada Nyboer, John Verfasser aut Sadownik, Bryn Verfasser aut Sustainability and the environment 7 (DE-604)BV011353174 7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016895052&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jaccard, Mark 1955- Nyboer, John Sadownik, Bryn The cost of climate policy Sustainability and the environment Politik Recht Air -- Pollution -- Economic aspects -- Canada Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects -- Canada Aur quality management -- Government policy -- Canada Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation -- Compliance costs -- Canada |
| title | The cost of climate policy |
| title_auth | The cost of climate policy |
| title_exact_search | The cost of climate policy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The cost of climate policy |
| title_full | The cost of climate policy Mark Jaccard, John Nyboer, and Bryn Sadownik |
| title_fullStr | The cost of climate policy Mark Jaccard, John Nyboer, and Bryn Sadownik |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cost of climate policy Mark Jaccard, John Nyboer, and Bryn Sadownik |
| title_short | The cost of climate policy |
| title_sort | the cost of climate policy |
| topic | Politik Recht Air -- Pollution -- Economic aspects -- Canada Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects -- Canada Aur quality management -- Government policy -- Canada Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation -- Compliance costs -- Canada |
| topic_facet | Politik Recht Air -- Pollution -- Economic aspects -- Canada Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects -- Canada Aur quality management -- Government policy -- Canada Air -- Pollution -- Law and legislation -- Compliance costs -- Canada Kanada |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016895052&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011353174 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jaccardmark thecostofclimatepolicy AT nyboerjohn thecostofclimatepolicy AT sadownikbryn thecostofclimatepolicy |