Principles of information systems: a managerial approach
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boston, Mass. <<[u.a.]>>
Course Technology/Thomson Learning
2001
|
| Edition: | 5. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIV, 616 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0619033576 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of information systems |b a managerial approach |c Ralph M. Stair ; George W. Reynolds |
| 250 | |a 5. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston, Mass. <<[u.a.]>> |b Course Technology/Thomson Learning |c 2001 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138169582485504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | PART I
AN OVERVIEW 1
CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Information
Systems 2
CHAPTER 2 Information Systems in
Organizations 36
PART II
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CONCEPTS 73
CHAPTER 3 Hardware: Input, Processing, and
Output Devices 74
CHAPTER 4 Software: Systems and Application
Software 120
CHAPTER 5 Organizing Data and
Information 168
CHAPTER 6 Telecommunications and
Networks 210
CHAPTER 7 The Internet, Intranets, and
Extranets 250
PART III
BUSINESS INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 289
CHAPTER 8 Electronic Commerce 290
CHAPTER 9 Transaction Processing and
Enterprise Resource Planning
Systems 328
CHAPTER 10 Information and Decision Support
Systems 370
CHAPTER 11 Specialized Business
Information Systems: Artificial
Intelligence, Expert Systems, and
Virtual Reality 418
PART IV
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 455
CHAPTER 12 Systems Investigation and
Analysis 456
CHAPTER 13 Systems Design, Implementation,
Maintenance, and Review 502
PART V
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY 549
CHAPTER 14 Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues
in Information Systems and the
Internet 550
GLOSSARY 587
INDEX 603
XV
PART I
AN OVERVIEW 1
CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Information Systems 2
PHH VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SERVICES:
USING THE INTERNET TO IMPROVE
CUSTOMER SERVICE 3
Information Concepts 4
Data versus Information 4
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
What Is Ethics? 5
The Characteristics of Valuable
Information 6
The Value of Information 7
System and Modeling Concepts 8
System Components and Concepts 9
System Performance and Standards 10
System Variables and Parameters 10
Modeling a System 11
What Is an Information System? 13
Input, Processing, Output, and Feedback 13
Manual and Computerized Information
Systems 15
Computer-Based Information Systems 15
Business Information Systems 17
Electronic Commerce 18
E-COMMERCE
Shipping Companies Develop Systems to Support
E-Commerce 20
Transaction Processing Systems, Workflow
Systems, and ERP 20
Management Information Systems and
Decision Support Systems 22
Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems: Artificial Intelligence, Expert
Systems, and Virtual Reality 24
Systems Development 26
Systems Investigation and Analysis 26
Systems Design, Implementation, and
Maintenance and Review 26
Why Study Information Systems? 27
Computer and Information Systems
Literacy 27
Information Systems in the Functional Areas
of Business 28
Information Systems in Industry 28
CASE 1 Coors Ceramics Revamps Information
Systems 33
CASE 2 Sears Employs Modeling Software to
Manage Growth 34
CHAPTER 2
Information Systems in Organizations 36
FARMERS INSURANCE CROUP: FINDING
HIGHER REVENUE AND LOWER CLAIMS IN
INFORMATION 37
Organizations and Information Systems 38
Organizational Structure 40
Organizational Culture and Change 43
Reengineering 44
Continuous Improvement 47
Technology Diffusion, Infusion, and
Acceptance 48
Total Quality Management 48
E-COMMERCE
Finding Quality through E-Commerce 49
Outsourcing and Downsizing 50
xvii
xviii CONTENTS
Competitive Advantage 51
Factors That Lead Firms to Seek Competitive
Advantage 51
Strategic Planning for Competitive
Advantage 52
Performance-Based Information
Systems 55
Productivity 55
Return on Investment and the Value of
Information Systems 57
Justifying Information Systems 58
Careers in Information Systems 59
Roles, Functions, and Careers in the
Information Systems Department 59
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Should IS Managers Hire More Foreign Workers? 61
Typical IS Titles and Functions 63
Other IS Careers 64
CASE 1 Total Cost of Ownership 69
CASE 2 UPS Turns to Technology for a Strategic
Advantage 70
CASE 3 When Things Go Wrong 71
PART II
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CONCEPTS 73
CHAPTER 3
Hardware: Input, Processing, and Output
Devices 74
FORD MOTOR COMPANY: A
TECHNOLOGY MAKEOVER 75
Computer Systems: Integrating the Power
of Technology 76
Hardware Components 77
Hardware Components in Action 78
Processing and Memory Devices: Power,
Speed, and Capacity 79
Processing Characteristics and Functions 79
Memory Characteristics and Functions 82
Multiprocessing 85
Secondary Storage 86
Access Methods 87
Devices 87
Input and Output Devices: The Gateway to
Computer Systems 91
Characteristics and Functionality 91
Input Devices 93
Output Devices 96
Special-Purpose Input and Output
Devices 99
Computer System Types, Standards,
Selecting, and Upgrading 100
Computer System Types 100
E-COMMERCE
A Young Company Excels with E-Commerce 102
Multimedia Computers 106
Standards 108
Selecting and Upgrading Computer
Systems 108
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Employee Monitoring 109
CASE 1 Electronic Ink 116
CASE 2 Flash Chips 117
CASE 3 CD-ROM Titles 11 8
CHAPTER 4
Software: Systems and Application
Software 120
HOME DEPOT: BUILDING SOFTWARE TO
MEET CUSTOMERS NEEDS 1 2 1
An Overview of Software 122
Systems Software 122
Application Software 122
Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals 123
Systems Software 124
Operating Systems 124
Personal Computer Operating Systems 128
Workgroup Operating Systems 133
Enterprise Operating Systems 134
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems 135
Utility Programs 136
Application Software 137
Types and Functions of Application
Software 138
Personal Application Software 139
E-COMMERCE
Samsung Employs ASP to Accelerate E-Commerce
Initiative 140
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 145
Workgroup Application Software 146
Enterprise Application Software 148
Programming Languages 149
Standards and Characteristics 150
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Beware of Your Partners 151
The Evolution of Programming
Languages 151
Selecting a Programming Language 156
Language Translators 157
Software Issues and Trends 158
Software Bugs 158
Open Source Software 159
Opensourcing 159
Software Licensing 160
Software Upgrades 160
Global Software Support 160
CASE 1 A P Gambles on New Information
Systems 164
CASE 2 Cleveland State University Faces
Software Problems 165
CASE 3 Eliminating E-Ticket Hassles 166
CHAPTER 5
Organizing Data and Information 168
CATALINA MARKETING CORPORATION:
PROVIDING DATA SERVICES 169
Data Management 170
The Hierarchy of Data 170
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys 171
The Traditional Approach versus the
Database Approach 172
Data Modeling and Database Models 175
Data Modeling 176
Database Models 177
Database Management Systems
(DBMSs) 181
Providing a User View 181
Creating and Modifying the Database 182
Storing and Retrieving Data 184
Manipulating Data and Generating
Reports 185
Popular Database Management Systems 187
Selecting a Database Management
System 188
CONTENTS xix
Database Developments 189
Distributed Databases 190
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data
Mining 191
On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) 195
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) 197
E-COMMERCE
Safeway Customers Involved in E-Commerce
Experiment 198
Object-Relational Database Management
Systems 199
Business Intelligence 201
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL. ISSUES
United Technologies Gathers Competitive
Intelligence 202
CASE 1 Lockheed Martin Implements OLAP
System 207
CASE 2 Allina Health System Implements a Data
Warehouse 208
CASE 3 Fifth Third Bank Investing in Internet
Systems 209
CHAPTER 6
Telecommunications and Networks 210
COCA-COLA: OVERHAULING ITS
NETWORK FOR SPEEDY
COMMUNICATIONS 21 1
An Overview of Communications
Systems 212
Communications 212
Telecommunications 213
Networks 214
Telecommunications 214
Types of Media 214
Devices 218
Carriers and Services 220
Networks and Distributed Processing 223
Basic Processing Strategies 224
Network Concepts and Considerations 225
Network Types 225
Terminal-to-Host, File Server, and
Client/Server Systems 229
Communications Software and
Protocols 232
Bridges, Routers, Gateways, and
Switches 234
XX CONTENTS
Telecommunications Applications 235
Linking Personal Computers to Mainframes
and Networks 236
Voice and Electronic Mail 236
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Threatening E-Mail Goes to Trial 237
Electronic Software and Document
Distribution 237
Telecommuting 238
Videoconferencing 238
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 239
E-COMMERCE
EDI Provides an Important Link for Medical
Companies 240
Public Network Services 240
Distance Learning 241
Specialized Systems and Services 241
CASE 1 Increasing Speed, Reducing Costs 247
CASE 2 Using Networks to Increase
Security 247
CASE 3 Mirage on the Net 248
CHAPTER 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets 250
FEDEX: SPARRING WITH UPS ON THE
INTERNET 251
Use and Functioning of the Internet 252
How the Internet Works 253
Accessing the Internet 255
Internet Service Providers 256
Internet Services 257
E-Mail 258
Telnet and FTP 259
Usenet and Newsgroups 259
Chat Rooms 260
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing
Services 260
Content Streaming 262
Instant Messaging 262
Shopping on the Web 263
Web Auctions 263
E-COMMERCE
Home Builders Build Sites on the Internet 264
Music, Radio, and Video on the Web 265
Office on the Web 265
Internet Sites in Three Dimensions 266
Free Software and Services 266
The World Wide Web 266
Web Browsers 268
Search Engines 269
Java 270
Push Technology 272
Business Uses of the Web 272
Developing Web Content 273
Intranets and Extranets 274
Net Issues 276
Management Issues 276
Service Bottlenecks 276
Privacy, Security, and Unauthorized Internet
Sites 277
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Outrage on the Web 278
Firewalls 280
CASE 1 JCPenney Auctions Its Overstock
Inventory 285
CASE 2 Kaiser Permanente Looks for a Cure on
the Web 286
CASE 3 The Washington Post Tries the
Web 287
PART III
BUSINESS INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 289
CHAPTER 8
Electronic Commerce 290
WEIRTON STEEL: E-COMMERCE
PIONEER 291
An Introduction to Electronic
Commerce 292
Multistage Model for E-Commerce 292
E-Commerce Challenges 294
The E-Commerce Supply Chain 296
Business to Business (B2B) 297
Business to Consumer (B2C) 298
E-Commerce Applications 298
Retail and Wholesale 298
Manufacturing 299
Marketing 301
Investment and Finance 301
Auctions 303
Technology Infrastructure 304
Hardware 304
Web Server Software 305
E-Commerce Software 306
Network and Packet Switching 307
Electronic Payment Systems 308
Secure Sockets Layer 308
Electronic Cash 309
Electronic Wallets 309
Smart, Credit, Charge, and Debit Cards 310
E-COMMERCE
Get Ready for Global E-Commerce 311
Threats to E-Commerce 312
Security 312
Intellectual Property 313
Fraud 313
Privacy 315
Strategies for Successful E-Commerce 316
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Maintaining the Flow of Global E-Commerce
Data 317
Developing an Effective Web Presence 317
Putting Up a Web Site 318
Building Traffic to Your Web Site 319
CASE 1 Drug Emporium Tests Biometrics 324
CASE 2 On-Line Pet Stores 325
CASE 3 Reapplication of General Electric Web
Site 326
CHAPTER 9
Transaction Processing and Enterprise
Resource Planning Systems 328
STEELCASE: STRUGGLING TO REDESIGN
BUSINESS PROCESSES WITH ERP 329
An Overview of Transaction Processing
Systems 330
Traditional Transaction Processing Methods
and Objectives 331
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Credit Card Fraud and Transaction Processing 334
Transaction Processing Activities 336
Control and Management Issues 339
Traditional Transaction Processing
Applications 341
Order Processing Systems 341
Purchasing Systems 348
CONTENTS xxi
E-COMMERCE
Industrywide Processing and Exchanges 350
Accounting Systems 352
Enterprise Resource Planning 356
An Overview of Enterprise Resource
Planning 358
Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP 358
Example of an ERP System 360
CASE 1 Starting a Procurement Business 367
CASE 2 ERP in Mergers and Acquisitions 367
CASE 3 Setting Up Supply Networks 368
CHAPTER 10
Information and Decision Support
Systems 370
REUTERS CROUP: PROVIDING
INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT
ON THE INTERNET 371
Decision Making and Problem Solving 372
Decision Making as a Component of Problem
Solving 372
Programmed versus Nonprogrammed
Decisions 373
Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic
Approaches 374
An Overview of Management Information
Systems 375
Management Information Systems in
Perspective 375
Inputs to a Management Information
System 375
Outputs of a Management Information
System 376
Characteristics of a Management Information
System 379
Functional Aspects of the MIS 380
A Financial Management Information
System 380
A Manufacturing Management Information
System 383
E-COMMERCE
Information and Inventory Control 386
A Marketing Management Information
System 388
A Human Resource Management
Information System 392
Other Management Information
Systems 394
xxii CONTENTS
An Overview of Decision Support
Systems 395
Characteristics of a Decision Support
System 395
Capabilities of a Decision Support
System 397
A Comparison of DSSs and MISs 398
Components of a Decision Support
System 398
The Model Base 399
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
The Dark Side of E-Trading 401
The Dialogue Manager 401
The Group Decision Support System 402
Characteristics of a GDSS 402
GDSS Software 404
GDSS Alternatives 404
The Executive Support System 406
Executive Support Systems in
Perspective 406
Capabilities of an Executive Support
System 407
CASE 1 Collaborative Work Gives a
Competitive Edge 414
CASE 2 Market Research on the Internet 414
CASE 3 Investment Information from Financial
WebSites 415
CHAPTER 11
Specialized Business Information Systems:
Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and
Virtual Reality 418
ASK JEEVES: SEARCH ENGINE HELPS
HUMANIZE ON-LINE EXPERIENCE 419
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence 420
Artificial Intelligence in Perspective 420
The Nature of Intelligence 421
The Difference between Natural and
Artificial Intelligence 423
The Major Branches of Artificial
Intelligence 423
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Neural Networks Provide Hope 427
An Overview of Expert Systems 427
Characteristics of an Expert System 428
Capabilities of Expert Systems 430
E-COMMERCE
Bots Automate Corporate Purchasing 431
When to Use Expert Systems 432
Components of Expert Systems 432
Expert Systems Development 437
Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial
Intelligence 442
Integrating Expert Systems 444
Virtual Reality 444
Interface Devices 445
Immersive Virtual Reality 446
Other Forms ofVirtual Reality 446
Useful Applications 446
CASE 1 Fuzzy Logic System Designed to Help
Travelers 452
CASE 2 Expert Systems Help Develop Business
Plans 452
CASE 3 Al Software Used to Monitor and
Control Networks 453
PART IV
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 455
CHAPTER 12
Systems Investigation and Analysis 456
Y2K AFTERMATH: IS INVESTMENTS ON
THE RISE 457
An Overview of Systems Development 458
Participants in Systems Development 458
Initiating Systems Development 460
Information Systems Planning 461
E-COMMERCE
Developing an Internet Site for Suppliers and
Dealers 462
Establishing Objectives for Systems
Development 464
Systems Development and
E-Commerce 466
Trends in Systems Development and
Enterprise Resource Planning 466
Systems Development Life Cycles 467
The Traditional Systems Development Life
Cycle 468
Prototyping 470
Rapid Application Development and Joint
Application Development 471
The End-User Systems Development Life
Cycle 473
Factors Affecting Systems Development
Success 474
Degree of Change 474
Quality of Project Planning 475
Use of Project Management Tools 476
Use of Formal Quality Assurance
Processes 477
Use of Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE) Tools 478
Object-Oriented Systems Development 479
Systems Investigation 481
Initiating Systems Investigation 481
Participants in Systems Investigation 481
Feasibility Analysis 482
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Developing Legal and Ethical Drug Internet Sites 483
The Systems Investigation Report 484
Systems Analysis 485
General Considerations 485
Participants in Systems Analysis 485
Data Collection 485
Data Analysis 487
Requirements Analysis 490
The Systems Analysis Report 493
CASE 1 IT Projects at Coca-Cola 498
CASE 2 Hackers Cause Reevaluation of Systems
Development on the Web 499
CASE 3 Mergers Impact Systems
Development 500
CHAPTER 13
Systems Design, Implementation,
Maintenance, and Review 502
AT T: RENTING SOFTWARE TO BUSINESS
CLIENTS 503
Systems Design 504
Logical and Physical Design 504
E-COMMERCE
Retail Web Supply Exchange 505
Special Systems Design Considerations 507
Emergency Alternate Procedures and Disaster
Recovery 509
Systems Controls 512
The Importance of Vendor Support 513
CONTENTS xxiii
Generating Systems Design Alternatives 514
Evaluating and Selecting a System
Design 515
Evaluation Techniques 516
Freezing Design Specifications 518
The Contract 519
The Design Report 519
Systems Implementation 520
Acquiring Hardware from an Information
Systems Vendor 520
Acquiring Software: Make or Buy? 522
Externally Developed Software 522
In-House-Developed Software 523
Tools and Techniques for Software
Development 525
Acquiring Database and Telecommunications
Systems 529
User Preparation 530
IS Personnel: Hiring and Training 530
Site Preparation 531
Data Preparation 531
Installation 531
Testing 531
Start-Up 532
User Acceptance 533
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Monitoring Debit Card Usage 534
Systems Maintenance 534
Reasons for Maintenance 534
Types of Maintenance 535
The Request for Maintenance Form 535
Performing Maintenance 535
The Financial Implications of
Maintenance 536
The Relationship between Maintenance and
Design 537
Systems Review 538
Types of Review Procedures 538
Factors to Consider during Systems
Review 539
System Performance Measurement 540
CASE 1 Outsourcing: Benefits besides Huge
Savings 546
CASE 2 Developing a Wireless Net to Improve
Customer Service 546
CASE 3 Mergers Can Cause Systems
Implementation Problems 547
Xxiv CONTENTS
PART IV
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY 549
CHAPTER 14
Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in
Information Systems and the Internet 550
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY:
COMPROMISE OF NUCLEAR WEAPON
SECRETS 551
Computer Waste and Mistakes 552
Computer Waste 552
Computer-Related Mistakes 553
Preventing Computer-Related Waste and
Mistakes 554
Computer Crime 556
The Computer as a Tool to Commit
Crime 558
The Computer as the Object of Crime 558
Preventing Computer-Related Crime 564
Privacy 568
Privacy Issues 568
E-COMMERCE
Business Entrepreneurs Carve New Path 569
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Monitoring E-Mail—An Invasion of Privacy? 571
Fairness in Information Use 573
Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations 573
State Privacy Laws and Regulations 574
Corporate Privacy Policies 575
Individual Efforts to Protect Privacy 575
The Work Environment 575
Health Concerns 576
Avoiding Health and Environmental
Problems 577
Ethical Issues in Information Systems 578
CASE 1 Predatory Hiring Practices 583
CASE 2 The Children s Online Privacy Protection
Act of 1998 584
CASE 3 Taxing Internet Sales 585
Glossary 587
Index 603
|
| adam_txt |
PART I
AN OVERVIEW 1
CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Information
Systems 2
CHAPTER 2 Information Systems in
Organizations 36
PART II
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CONCEPTS 73
CHAPTER 3 Hardware: Input, Processing, and
Output Devices 74
CHAPTER 4 Software: Systems and Application
Software 120
CHAPTER 5 Organizing Data and
Information 168
CHAPTER 6 Telecommunications and
Networks 210
CHAPTER 7 The Internet, Intranets, and
Extranets 250
PART III
BUSINESS INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 289
CHAPTER 8 Electronic Commerce 290
CHAPTER 9 Transaction Processing and
Enterprise Resource Planning
Systems 328
CHAPTER 10 Information and Decision Support
Systems 370
CHAPTER 11 Specialized Business
Information Systems: Artificial
Intelligence, Expert Systems, and
Virtual Reality 418
PART IV
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 455
CHAPTER 12 Systems Investigation and
Analysis 456
CHAPTER 13 Systems Design, Implementation,
Maintenance, and Review 502
PART V
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY 549
CHAPTER 14 Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues
in Information Systems and the
Internet 550
GLOSSARY 587
INDEX 603
XV
PART I
AN OVERVIEW 1
CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Information Systems 2
PHH VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SERVICES:
USING THE INTERNET TO IMPROVE
CUSTOMER SERVICE 3
Information Concepts 4
Data versus Information 4
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
What Is Ethics? 5
The Characteristics of Valuable
Information 6
The Value of Information 7
System and Modeling Concepts 8
System Components and Concepts 9
System Performance and Standards 10
System Variables and Parameters 10
Modeling a System 11
What Is an Information System? 13
Input, Processing, Output, and Feedback 13
Manual and Computerized Information
Systems 15
Computer-Based Information Systems 15
Business Information Systems 17
Electronic Commerce 18
E-COMMERCE
Shipping Companies Develop Systems to Support
E-Commerce 20
Transaction Processing Systems, Workflow
Systems, and ERP 20
Management Information Systems and
Decision Support Systems 22
Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems: Artificial Intelligence, Expert
Systems, and Virtual Reality 24
Systems Development 26
Systems Investigation and Analysis 26
Systems Design, Implementation, and
Maintenance and Review 26
Why Study Information Systems? 27
Computer and Information Systems
Literacy 27
Information Systems in the Functional Areas
of Business 28
Information Systems in Industry 28
CASE 1 Coors Ceramics Revamps Information
Systems 33
CASE 2 Sears Employs Modeling Software to
Manage Growth 34
CHAPTER 2
Information Systems in Organizations 36
FARMERS INSURANCE CROUP: FINDING
HIGHER REVENUE AND LOWER CLAIMS IN
INFORMATION 37
Organizations and Information Systems 38
Organizational Structure 40
Organizational Culture and Change 43
Reengineering 44
Continuous Improvement 47
Technology Diffusion, Infusion, and
Acceptance 48
Total Quality Management 48
E-COMMERCE
Finding Quality through E-Commerce 49
Outsourcing and Downsizing 50
xvii
xviii CONTENTS
Competitive Advantage 51
Factors That Lead Firms to Seek Competitive
Advantage 51
Strategic Planning for Competitive
Advantage 52
Performance-Based Information
Systems 55
Productivity 55
Return on Investment and the Value of
Information Systems 57
Justifying Information Systems 58
Careers in Information Systems 59
Roles, Functions, and Careers in the
Information Systems Department 59
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Should IS Managers Hire More Foreign Workers? 61
Typical IS Titles and Functions 63
Other IS Careers 64
CASE 1 Total Cost of Ownership 69
CASE 2 UPS Turns to Technology for a Strategic
Advantage 70
CASE 3 When Things Go Wrong 71
PART II
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CONCEPTS 73
CHAPTER 3
Hardware: Input, Processing, and Output
Devices 74
FORD MOTOR COMPANY: A
TECHNOLOGY MAKEOVER 75
Computer Systems: Integrating the Power
of Technology 76
Hardware Components 77
Hardware Components in Action 78
Processing and Memory Devices: Power,
Speed, and Capacity 79
Processing Characteristics and Functions 79
Memory Characteristics and Functions 82
Multiprocessing 85
Secondary Storage 86
Access Methods 87
Devices 87
Input and Output Devices: The Gateway to
Computer Systems 91
Characteristics and Functionality 91
Input Devices 93
Output Devices 96
Special-Purpose Input and Output
Devices 99
Computer System Types, Standards,
Selecting, and Upgrading 100
Computer System Types 100
E-COMMERCE
A Young Company Excels with E-Commerce 102
Multimedia Computers 106
Standards 108
Selecting and Upgrading Computer
Systems 108
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Employee Monitoring 109
CASE 1 Electronic Ink 116
CASE 2 Flash Chips 117
CASE 3 CD-ROM Titles 11 8
CHAPTER 4
Software: Systems and Application
Software 120
HOME DEPOT: BUILDING SOFTWARE TO
MEET CUSTOMERS' NEEDS 1 2 1
An Overview of Software 122
Systems Software 122
Application Software 122
Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals 123
Systems Software 124
Operating Systems 124
Personal Computer Operating Systems 128
Workgroup Operating Systems 133
Enterprise Operating Systems 134
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems 135
Utility Programs 136
Application Software 137
Types and Functions of Application
Software 138
Personal Application Software 139
E-COMMERCE
Samsung Employs ASP to Accelerate E-Commerce
Initiative 140
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 145
Workgroup Application Software 146
Enterprise Application Software 148
Programming Languages 149
Standards and Characteristics 150
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Beware of Your Partners 151
The Evolution of Programming
Languages 151
Selecting a Programming Language 156
Language Translators 157
Software Issues and Trends 158
Software Bugs 158
Open Source Software 159
Opensourcing 159
Software Licensing 160
Software Upgrades 160
Global Software Support 160
CASE 1 A P Gambles on New Information
Systems 164
CASE 2 Cleveland State University Faces
Software Problems 165
CASE 3 Eliminating E-Ticket Hassles 166
CHAPTER 5
Organizing Data and Information 168
CATALINA MARKETING CORPORATION:
PROVIDING DATA SERVICES 169
Data Management 170
The Hierarchy of Data 170
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys 171
The Traditional Approach versus the
Database Approach 172
Data Modeling and Database Models 175
Data Modeling 176
Database Models 177
Database Management Systems
(DBMSs) 181
Providing a User View 181
Creating and Modifying the Database 182
Storing and Retrieving Data 184
Manipulating Data and Generating
Reports 185
Popular Database Management Systems 187
Selecting a Database Management
System 188
CONTENTS xix
Database Developments 189
Distributed Databases 190
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data
Mining 191
On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) 195
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) 197
E-COMMERCE
Safeway Customers Involved in E-Commerce
Experiment 198
Object-Relational Database Management
Systems 199
Business Intelligence 201
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL. ISSUES
United Technologies Gathers Competitive
Intelligence 202
CASE 1 Lockheed Martin Implements OLAP
System 207
CASE 2 Allina Health System Implements a Data
Warehouse 208
CASE 3 Fifth Third Bank Investing in Internet
Systems 209
CHAPTER 6
Telecommunications and Networks 210
COCA-COLA: OVERHAULING ITS
NETWORK FOR SPEEDY
COMMUNICATIONS 21 1
An Overview of Communications
Systems 212
Communications 212
Telecommunications 213
Networks 214
Telecommunications 214
Types of Media 214
Devices 218
Carriers and Services 220
Networks and Distributed Processing 223
Basic Processing Strategies 224
Network Concepts and Considerations 225
Network Types 225
Terminal-to-Host, File Server, and
Client/Server Systems 229
Communications Software and
Protocols 232
Bridges, Routers, Gateways, and
Switches 234
XX CONTENTS
Telecommunications Applications 235
Linking Personal Computers to Mainframes
and Networks 236
Voice and Electronic Mail 236
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Threatening E-Mail Goes to Trial 237
Electronic Software and Document
Distribution 237
Telecommuting 238
Videoconferencing 238
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 239
E-COMMERCE
EDI Provides an Important Link for Medical
Companies 240
Public Network Services 240
Distance Learning 241
Specialized Systems and Services 241
CASE 1 Increasing Speed, Reducing Costs 247
CASE 2 Using Networks to Increase
Security 247
CASE 3 Mirage on the Net 248
CHAPTER 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets 250
FEDEX: SPARRING WITH UPS ON THE
INTERNET 251
Use and Functioning of the Internet 252
How the Internet Works 253
Accessing the Internet 255
Internet Service Providers 256
Internet Services 257
E-Mail 258
Telnet and FTP 259
Usenet and Newsgroups 259
Chat Rooms 260
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing
Services 260
Content Streaming 262
Instant Messaging 262
Shopping on the Web 263
Web Auctions 263
E-COMMERCE
Home Builders Build Sites on the Internet 264
Music, Radio, and Video on the Web 265
Office on the Web 265
Internet Sites in Three Dimensions 266
Free Software and Services 266
The World Wide Web 266
Web Browsers 268
Search Engines 269
Java 270
Push Technology 272
Business Uses of the Web 272
Developing Web Content 273
Intranets and Extranets 274
Net Issues 276
Management Issues 276
Service Bottlenecks 276
Privacy, Security, and Unauthorized Internet
Sites 277
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Outrage on the Web 278
Firewalls 280
CASE 1 JCPenney Auctions Its Overstock
Inventory 285
CASE 2 Kaiser Permanente Looks for a Cure on
the Web 286
CASE 3 The Washington Post Tries the
Web 287
PART III
BUSINESS INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 289
CHAPTER 8
Electronic Commerce 290
WEIRTON STEEL: E-COMMERCE
PIONEER 291
An Introduction to Electronic
Commerce 292
Multistage Model for E-Commerce 292
E-Commerce Challenges 294
The E-Commerce Supply Chain 296
Business to Business (B2B) 297
Business to Consumer (B2C) 298
E-Commerce Applications 298
Retail and Wholesale 298
Manufacturing 299
Marketing 301
Investment and Finance 301
Auctions 303
Technology Infrastructure 304
Hardware 304
Web Server Software 305
E-Commerce Software 306
Network and Packet Switching 307
Electronic Payment Systems 308
Secure Sockets Layer 308
Electronic Cash 309
Electronic Wallets 309
Smart, Credit, Charge, and Debit Cards 310
E-COMMERCE
Get Ready for Global E-Commerce 311
Threats to E-Commerce 312
Security 312
Intellectual Property 313
Fraud 313
Privacy 315
Strategies for Successful E-Commerce 316
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Maintaining the Flow of Global E-Commerce
Data 317
Developing an Effective Web Presence 317
Putting Up a Web Site 318
Building Traffic to Your Web Site 319
CASE 1 Drug Emporium Tests Biometrics 324
CASE 2 On-Line Pet Stores 325
CASE 3 Reapplication of General Electric Web
Site 326
CHAPTER 9
Transaction Processing and Enterprise
Resource Planning Systems 328
STEELCASE: STRUGGLING TO REDESIGN
BUSINESS PROCESSES WITH ERP 329
An Overview of Transaction Processing
Systems 330
Traditional Transaction Processing Methods
and Objectives 331
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Credit Card Fraud and Transaction Processing 334
Transaction Processing Activities 336
Control and Management Issues 339
Traditional Transaction Processing
Applications 341
Order Processing Systems 341
Purchasing Systems 348
CONTENTS xxi
E-COMMERCE
Industrywide Processing and Exchanges 350
Accounting Systems 352
Enterprise Resource Planning 356
An Overview of Enterprise Resource
Planning 358
Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP 358
Example of an ERP System 360
CASE 1 Starting a Procurement Business 367
CASE 2 ERP in Mergers and Acquisitions 367
CASE 3 Setting Up Supply Networks 368
CHAPTER 10
Information and Decision Support
Systems 370
REUTERS CROUP: PROVIDING
INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT
ON THE INTERNET 371
Decision Making and Problem Solving 372
Decision Making as a Component of Problem
Solving 372
Programmed versus Nonprogrammed
Decisions 373
Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic
Approaches 374
An Overview of Management Information
Systems 375
Management Information Systems in
Perspective 375
Inputs to a Management Information
System 375
Outputs of a Management Information
System 376
Characteristics of a Management Information
System 379
Functional Aspects of the MIS 380
A Financial Management Information
System 380
A Manufacturing Management Information
System 383
E-COMMERCE
Information and Inventory Control 386
A Marketing Management Information
System 388
A Human Resource Management
Information System 392
Other Management Information
Systems 394
xxii CONTENTS
An Overview of Decision Support
Systems 395
Characteristics of a Decision Support
System 395
Capabilities of a Decision Support
System 397
A Comparison of DSSs and MISs 398
Components of a Decision Support
System 398
The Model Base 399
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
The Dark Side of E-Trading 401
The Dialogue Manager 401
The Group Decision Support System 402
Characteristics of a GDSS 402
GDSS Software 404
GDSS Alternatives 404
The Executive Support System 406
Executive Support Systems in
Perspective 406
Capabilities of an Executive Support
System 407
CASE 1 Collaborative Work Gives a
Competitive Edge 414
CASE 2 Market Research on the Internet 414
CASE 3 Investment Information from Financial
WebSites 415
CHAPTER 11
Specialized Business Information Systems:
Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and
Virtual Reality 418
ASK JEEVES: SEARCH ENGINE HELPS
"HUMANIZE" ON-LINE EXPERIENCE 419
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence 420
Artificial Intelligence in Perspective 420
The Nature of Intelligence 421
The Difference between Natural and
Artificial Intelligence 423
The Major Branches of Artificial
Intelligence 423
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Neural Networks Provide Hope 427
An Overview of Expert Systems 427
Characteristics of an Expert System 428
Capabilities of Expert Systems 430
E-COMMERCE
Bots Automate Corporate Purchasing 431
When to Use Expert Systems 432
Components of Expert Systems 432
Expert Systems Development 437
Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial
Intelligence 442
Integrating Expert Systems 444
Virtual Reality 444
Interface Devices 445
Immersive Virtual Reality 446
Other Forms ofVirtual Reality 446
Useful Applications 446
CASE 1 Fuzzy Logic System Designed to Help
Travelers 452
CASE 2 Expert Systems Help Develop Business
Plans 452
CASE 3 Al Software Used to Monitor and
Control Networks 453
PART IV
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 455
CHAPTER 12
Systems Investigation and Analysis 456
Y2K AFTERMATH: IS INVESTMENTS ON
THE RISE 457
An Overview of Systems Development 458
Participants in Systems Development 458
Initiating Systems Development 460
Information Systems Planning 461
E-COMMERCE
Developing an Internet Site for Suppliers and
Dealers 462
Establishing Objectives for Systems
Development 464
Systems Development and
E-Commerce 466
Trends in Systems Development and
Enterprise Resource Planning 466
Systems Development Life Cycles 467
The Traditional Systems Development Life
Cycle 468
Prototyping 470
Rapid Application Development and Joint
Application Development 471
The End-User Systems Development Life
Cycle 473
Factors Affecting Systems Development
Success 474
Degree of Change 474
Quality of Project Planning 475
Use of Project Management Tools 476
Use of Formal Quality Assurance
Processes 477
Use of Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE) Tools 478
Object-Oriented Systems Development 479
Systems Investigation 481
Initiating Systems Investigation 481
Participants in Systems Investigation 481
Feasibility Analysis 482
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Developing Legal and Ethical Drug Internet Sites 483
The Systems Investigation Report 484
Systems Analysis 485
General Considerations 485
Participants in Systems Analysis 485
Data Collection 485
Data Analysis 487
Requirements Analysis 490
The Systems Analysis Report 493
CASE 1 IT Projects at Coca-Cola 498
CASE 2 Hackers Cause Reevaluation of Systems
Development on the Web 499
CASE 3 Mergers Impact Systems
Development 500
CHAPTER 13
Systems Design, Implementation,
Maintenance, and Review 502
AT T: RENTING SOFTWARE TO BUSINESS
CLIENTS 503
Systems Design 504
Logical and Physical Design 504
E-COMMERCE
Retail Web Supply Exchange 505
Special Systems Design Considerations 507
Emergency Alternate Procedures and Disaster
Recovery 509
Systems Controls 512
The Importance of Vendor Support 513
CONTENTS xxiii
Generating Systems Design Alternatives 514
Evaluating and Selecting a System
Design 515
Evaluation Techniques 516
Freezing Design Specifications 518
The Contract 519
The Design Report 519
Systems Implementation 520
Acquiring Hardware from an Information
Systems Vendor 520
Acquiring Software: Make or Buy? 522
Externally Developed Software 522
In-House-Developed Software 523
Tools and Techniques for Software
Development 525
Acquiring Database and Telecommunications
Systems 529
User Preparation 530
IS Personnel: Hiring and Training 530
Site Preparation 531
Data Preparation 531
Installation 531
Testing 531
Start-Up 532
User Acceptance 533
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Monitoring Debit Card Usage 534
Systems Maintenance 534
Reasons for Maintenance 534
Types of Maintenance 535
The Request for Maintenance Form 535
Performing Maintenance 535
The Financial Implications of
Maintenance 536
The Relationship between Maintenance and
Design 537
Systems Review 538
Types of Review Procedures 538
Factors to Consider during Systems
Review 539
System Performance Measurement 540
CASE 1 Outsourcing: Benefits besides Huge
Savings 546
CASE 2 Developing a Wireless Net to Improve
Customer Service 546
CASE 3 Mergers Can Cause Systems
Implementation Problems 547
Xxiv CONTENTS
PART IV
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY 549
CHAPTER 14
Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in
Information Systems and the Internet 550
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY:
COMPROMISE OF NUCLEAR WEAPON
SECRETS 551
Computer Waste and Mistakes 552
Computer Waste 552
Computer-Related Mistakes 553
Preventing Computer-Related Waste and
Mistakes 554
Computer Crime 556
The Computer as a Tool to Commit
Crime 558
The Computer as the Object of Crime 558
Preventing Computer-Related Crime 564
Privacy 568
Privacy Issues 568
E-COMMERCE
Business Entrepreneurs Carve New Path 569
• ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
Monitoring E-Mail—An Invasion of Privacy? 571
Fairness in Information Use 573
Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations 573
State Privacy Laws and Regulations 574
Corporate Privacy Policies 575
Individual Efforts to Protect Privacy 575
The Work Environment 575
Health Concerns 576
Avoiding Health and Environmental
Problems 577
Ethical Issues in Information Systems 578
CASE 1 Predatory Hiring Practices 583
CASE 2 The Children's Online Privacy Protection
Act of 1998 584
CASE 3 Taxing Internet Sales 585
Glossary 587
Index 603 |
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| author | Stair, Ralph M. 1945- Reynolds, George Walter 1944- |
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| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
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| dewey-full | 658.4/03821 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 658 - General management |
| dewey-raw | 658.4/038 21 |
| dewey-search | 658.4/038 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3658.4 238 221 |
| dewey-tens | 650 - Management and auxiliary services |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 5. ed. |
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| spellingShingle | Stair, Ralph M. 1945- Reynolds, George Walter 1944- Principles of information systems a managerial approach Management information systems Managementinformationssystem (DE-588)4074518-1 gnd Informationssystem (DE-588)4072806-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074518-1 (DE-588)4072806-7 (DE-588)4151278-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Principles of information systems a managerial approach |
| title_auth | Principles of information systems a managerial approach |
| title_exact_search | Principles of information systems a managerial approach |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Principles of information systems a managerial approach |
| title_full | Principles of information systems a managerial approach Ralph M. Stair ; George W. Reynolds |
| title_fullStr | Principles of information systems a managerial approach Ralph M. Stair ; George W. Reynolds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of information systems a managerial approach Ralph M. Stair ; George W. Reynolds |
| title_short | Principles of information systems |
| title_sort | principles of information systems a managerial approach |
| title_sub | a managerial approach |
| topic | Management information systems Managementinformationssystem (DE-588)4074518-1 gnd Informationssystem (DE-588)4072806-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Management information systems Managementinformationssystem Informationssystem Einführung Lehrbuch |
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