Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe:
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Aldershot <<[u.a.]>>
Ashgate
2001
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |c ed. by Stephan J. Goetz ; Tanja Jaksch ; Rosemarie Siebert |
264 | 1 | |a Aldershot <<[u.a.]>> |b Ashgate |c 2001 | |
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650 | 4 | |a Landwirtschaft | |
650 | 4 | |a Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Europe, Eastern | |
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650 | 4 | |a Land use, Rural -- Europe, Eastern | |
650 | 4 | |a Land use, Rural -- Former Soviet republics | |
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adam_text | Agricultural Transformation
and Land Use in Central and
Eastern Europe
Edited by
STEPHAN J GOETZ
TANJA JAKSCH
ROSEMARIE SIEBERT
Ash gate
Aldershot • Burlington USA • Singapore • Sydney
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Contributors xvi
Acknowledgements xvii
Units xviii
Foreword xx
Introduction xxii
Tanja Jaksch, Rosemarie Siebert and Stephan J Goetz
1 Central and Eastern European Agricultural
Transformation in a Global Perspective 1
Stephan, J Goetz
1 0 Introduction 1
1 1 Description of the national economies 4
1 2 Differences in agricultural economies and
rural areas 10
1 3 Central and Eastern Europe in the global
economy 16
1 4 Conclusion 18
2 Climate, Soils and Agricultural Potential 23
Gudrun Loose
2 0 Introduction 23
2 1 Climate 23
2 2 Soils 42
2 3 Summary and prospects 52
3 Social Change and Trends in Rural Areas 57
Rosemarie Siebert
3 0 Introduction 57
3 1 Population density and distribution 58
3 2 Demography and migration 59
3 3 The advent of unemployment 62
y
vi Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
3 4 Changing standards of living 65
3 5 Summary 67
Baltic States
4 Estonia 73
Elke Knappe
4 0 General setting 73
4 1 Agricultural policy 77
4 2 Land use 78
4 3 Forestry 81
5 Latvia 83
Elke Knappe
5 0 General setting 83
5 1 Agricultural policy 87
5 2 Land use 89
5 3 Forestry 94
6 Lithuania 95
Elke Knappe
6 0 General setting 95
6 1 Agricultural policy 99
6 2 Land use 100
6 3 Forestry 103
Former States of The Soviet Union
7 Belarus 107
Dieter Drager
7 0 Background to the transformation 107
7 1 General setting 108
7 2 Agricultural policy 111
7 3 Land use 115
7 4 Forestry 128
8 Russia 131
Tanja Jaksch and Dieter Drager
8 0 Background to the transformation 131
8 1 General setting 132
Contents vii
8 2 Agricultural policy 134
8 3 Land use 137
9 Ukraine 147
Hermann Mertens
9 0 Background to the transformation 147
9 1 General setting 148
9 2 Land use 155
9 3 Changes in property and use rights 165
9 4 Forest fund and forestry 171
Eastern European Countries
10 Bulgaria 177
Dieter Drager and Tanja Jaksch
10 0 Background to the transformation 177
10 1 General setting 179
10 2 Agricultural policy 181
10 3 Land use 185
11 Czech Republic 197
Tanja Jaksch
11 0 Background to the transformation 197
11 1 General setting 202
11 2 Land use in agriculture and forestry 202
11 3 Looking ahead at possible developments
in agriculture 205
11 4 Forestry 206
12 Hungary 209
Tanja Jaksch
12 0 Background to the transformation 209
12 1 General setting 211
12 2 Land use 212
12 3 Outlook 218
13 Poland 223
Hermann Mertens
13 0 Background to the transformation 223
13 1 General setting 224
13 2 Land use 230
viii Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
13 3 Environment, agricultural production and
rural areas 242
13 4 Strategic considerations 251
13 5 Land use for forestry 254
13 6 Rural socioeconomic conditions 261
14 Romania 269
Dieter Drager and Tanja Jaksch
14 0 Background to the transformation 269
14 1 General setting 270
14 2 Agricultural policy 274
14 3 Land use 276
14 4 Outlook 286
15 Slovakia 291
Tanja Jaksch
15 0 Background to the transformation 291
15 1 General setting 293
15 2 Agriculture 293
15 3 Land use 295
15 4 Development prospects in the context of
transformation 298
16 Land Use for Forestry 301
Albrecht Bemmann
16 0 Introduction 301
16 1 Forest conditions 303
16 2 Changes in forest property rights 313
16 3 Forest use 319
16 4 Forestry products certification 322
16 5 Conclusions 327
17 Prospects for the Future 333
Tanja Jaksch, Rosemarie Siebert and Stephan J Goetz
Index 337
List of Figures
Figure 1 1 Effect of population density on GNP per capita,
Figure 1 2 Value added in agriculture as a percent of GDP
versus GDP per capita, 1999 12
Figure 1 3 Effect of agricultural output growth on growth in
other sectors, 1990-1998 14
Figure 1 4 Value added in agriculture per worker versus arable
land per capita, 1999 16
Figure 1 5 Effect of export growth on GDP growth, 1990-1999 18
Figure 2 1 Continentality according to Invanov 25
Figure 2 2 Precipitation deficit during July-August-September
in Europe 32
Figure 2 3 Agro-climatic sub-regions 35
Figure 2 4 Main soils associations (generalized) 41
Figure 2 5 Major interactions between different types of soil
degradation 50
Figure 3 1 Population density 59
Figure 4 1 Administrative structure and population density 76
Figure 5 1 Administrative structure and population density 85
Figure 5 2 Agricultural land use 92
Figure 6 1 Administrative structure and population density 97
Figure 6 2 Agricultural production in Lithuania 101
Figure 7 1 Administrative structure and population density (1993) 110
Figure 7 2 Areas resettled because of radioactive contamination 117
Figure 8 1 Population density 135
Figure 8 2 Grain harvest, 1994 142
Figure 9 1 Administrative structure and population density 149
Figure 9 2 Agricultural soil division 155
Figure 10 1 Geographic regions 178
Figure 10 2 Meteorological Stations and annual means of
precipitation, 1984-1993 180
Figure 10 3 Administrative structure 184
Figure 10 4 Long-term trends in cropping patterns 189
x Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Figure 0 5 Concentration of different crops 192
Figure 1 1 Size and distribution of the total agricultural
area, 1993 200
Figure 1 2 Administrative structure 201
Figure 1 3 Share of crops and area cultivated, 1994 203
Figure 2 1 Administrative borders in Hungary 213
Figure 2 2 Regions with high percentages of small private
farms 214
Figure 3 1 Administrative structure and population density by
voievodships 227
Figure 3 2 Agrarian values by voievodships 235
Figure 3 3 • Ecologically At-Risk Areas 243
Figure 3 4 Forestland and woods 261
Figure 4 1 Regions of Romania 270
Figure 4 2 Administrative structure and population density 271
Figure 4 3 Sunflower production patterns 285
Figure 4 4 Potato production patterns 285
Figure 5 1 Administrative districts 292
Figure 6 1 Share of total forest, by region of the world 302
Figure 6 2 Distribution of forest zones 306
Figure 6 3 Forest age structure in Russia 309
Figure 6 4 Wood harvest and wood production in Russia
1982-1998 321
List of Tables
Table 1 1 Differences in the level of development of the
countries 5
Table 1 2 Agricultural statistics for the transformation countries 15
Table 2 1 Climatological normals for select climate stations
1931-1960 28
Table 4 1 Ethnic composition of Estonia s resident population 74
Table 4 2 Farm types and sizes in Estonia, 1998 78
Table 4 3 Number of full-time family farms by size 79
Table 4 4 Livestock numbers by farm type, 1998 80
Table 4 5 Logging rates as a percent of standing crop 81
Table 5 1 Ethnic composition of Latvia s resident population (%) ) 84
Table 5 2 Gross domestic product relative to previous year 87
Table 5 3 Direct investment from abroad 87
Table 5 4 Sizes of different farm types 90
Table 5 5 Crop production shares of different farm types (1998) 91
Table 56/ Trends in crop production (1,000 t) 91
Table 5 7 Yield trends for selected crops (100 kg/ha) 91
Table 5 8 Trends in livestock numbers (1,000 head) 93
Table 6 1 Ethnic composition of Lithuania s population (%) 96
Table 6 2 Crop yields in Lithuania (in 1,000 t) 100
Table 6 3 Potato area in the Baltic states (1,000 ha) 101
Table 6 4 Trends in hog and cattle numbers (1,000 head) 102
Table 6 5 State forest felling (in 1,000 m3) 103
Table 7 1 Year-to-year variation in selected economic
variables (%), based on constant prices 108
Table 7 2 Territory and population, 1994 109
Table 7 3 Administrative structure of the Belarus Republic
(January 1994), number of units 109
Table 7 4 Regional meteorological data, Belarus 111
Table 7 5 Agricultural land use by type of user, 1999 114
Table 7 6 Structure of land use, 1999 115
Table 7 7 Land use patterns by oblast, 1994, in percent
of the total land 118
Table 7 8 Farmland structure in Belarus, 1960-1997 119
Table 7 9 Major soil groups in the Belarus Republic, 1996,
in percent 121
xi
xii Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Table 7 10 Share of soil type in arable land, 1985, in percent 122
Table 7 11 Farmland by oblast 122
Table 7 12 Cropping patterns in Belarus 123
Table 7 13 Cereals production patterns, in percent 124
Table 7 14 Size and structure of forage areas 124
Table 7 15 Patterns and average growth of agricultural
production in the 1990s 125
Table 7 16 Livestock production and productivity over time 126
Table 7 17 Medium-term targets for animal production 126
Table 7 18 Average crop output and yields 127
Table 8 1 Russian land area and population, 1994 133
Table 8 2 Administrative divisions of Russia s regions 134
Table 8 3 Land use in Russia 138
Table 8 4 Cropping patterns, in percent 139
Table 8 5 Quantities harvested and yields of selected crops 139
Table 8 6 Production of grains, meat and milk by region,
in kgs/capita 140
Table 8 7 Livestock inventories (million head) 144
Table 8 8 Production and yields in the livestock sector 144
Table 9 1 Trends in selected economic indicators 152
Table 9 2 Precipitation in selected locations, 1971-1980
avg , in mm 153
Table 9 3 Temperature conditions, in °C 153
Table 9 4 Comparison of area utilized in Ukraine, 1995 156
Table 9 5 Trends in gross agricultural output,
1986/1990=100, and percent of total accounted
for by each sector 159
Table 9 6 Crop yields in dt/ha 160
Table 9 7 Kolkhoz 40lh Anniversary yields, Kiev region,
in dt/ha 161
Table 9 8 Trends in livestock inventories, 1,000 head 162
Table 9 9 Trends in livestock output and yields 163
Table 9 10 Production and marketing of livestock products
per ha by agricultural zone, 1997-1998 165
Table 9 11 Trends in land use and livestock inventories
by type of farm organization, 1990, 1994 and
Table 10 1 Trends in economic indicators 179
Table 10 2 Territory and population 181
Table 10 3 Bulgaria s administrative divisions 181
Table 10 4 Land use patterns, 1998 185
List of Tables xiii
Table 10 5 Yield trends for selected crops, period averages
(dt/ha) 186
Table 10 6 Area allocated to industrial crops 190
Table 10 7 Area allocated to vegetables, potatoes and melons 190
Table 10 8 Area allocated to livestock feed crops 191
Table 10 9 Regional shares of area planted to individual
crops(1997) 191
Table 10 10 Overview of the livestock and meat industry 193
Table 11 1 Land use in agriculture and forestry, 1989 and
1997 (in 1,000 ha) 203
Table 11 2 Changes in livestock inventory, 1990-1998 204
Table 11 3 Changes in livestock production, 1991-1999 204
Table 11 4 Overview of organic farming, 1995 206
Table 12 1 Changes in farmland management, 1989-1998 210
Table 12 2 Trends in selected economic indicators 211
Table 12 3 Land use, in 1,000 ha 215
Table 12 4 Changes in agricultural uses of land, 1,000 ha 215
Table 12 5 Land allocated to selected crops, 1989-1998 216
Table 12 6 Yield trends for selected crops in dt/ha 217
Table 12 7 Trends in livestock inventories, 1,000 head 218
Table 12 8 Trends in livestock production, 1989-1998 218
Table 13 1 Trends in major economic variables 229
Table 13 2 Disposition of land taken over by the AWRSP
by December 1999 (in 1,000 ha) 231
Table 13 3 Types of land use 233
Table 13 4 Farm and forest lands by voievodship (in 1,000 ha) 234
Table 13 5 Share of major crops in total crop area by
macro-region 236
Table 13 6 Changes in crop area and shares, 1977-1980 and
1996-1997 238
Table 13 7 Field vegetable and fruit production by voievodship,
1997-1998 averages as a percent of national totals 239
Table 13 8 Selected environmental data on voievodships
with agrarian values above 1 1 (1997) 240
Table 13 9 Yields of selected field crops 1981-1985, 100 kg/ha 244
Table 13 10 Total output and yields of field crops, 1996-1998 246
Table 13 11 Units of farm machinery and equipment, June 1996 246
Table 13 12 Total and per capita animal production 248
Table 13 13 Estimated farm development potential by
voievodship 253
xiv Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Table 13 14 Trends in forest defoliation rates in selected
European countries (percent of defoliation
classes 2-4 in total forest stands) 255
Table 13 15 Forest area by voievodship, 1998 256
Table 13 16 Comparison of species composition and age
structure of forests, 1945 and 1997 (percent
of total forest area) 257
Table 13 17 Trends in selected silvicultural measures (1,000 ha) 257
Table 13 18 Protected areas and forests 258
Table 13 19 Forest conditions by forest and landscape zones,
Table 13 20 Amenities of urban and rural households, 1998 264
Table 14 1 Changes in selected economic indicators 269
Table 14 2 Area and population by district, 1992 272
Table 14 3 Romania s administrative divisions, 1992 273
Table 14 4 Land use in Romania, 1992 277
Table 14 5 Patterns of farmland use 279
Table 14 6 Regional land use characteristics, in percent, 1997 280
Table 14 7 Area planted to different crops, in percent 281
Table 14 8 Area planted to different crops, 1,000 ha 281
Table 14 9 Grains and legume cropping patterns, in percent 282
Table 14 10 Cropping patterns of crops used as livestock feed
(1,000 ha) 283
Table 14 11 Cropping patterns in selected districts 283
Table 14 12 Share of planted area of selected crop groups, 1993 284
Table 14 13 Production of livestock and livestock products 286
Table 14 14 Livestock production in Romania 288
Table 15 1 Selected economic indicators 294
Table 15 2 Changes in enterprises number and sizes by
legal form 295
Table 15 3 Land use, in hectares 295
Table 15 4 Changes in arable and farmland use by region
in ha, 1970-1990 296
Table 15 5 Area planted to selected crops, 1,000 ha 297
Table 15 6 Livestock inventories, 1989-1998 (1,000 head) 297
Table 15 7 Livestock performance, 1989-1998 297
Table 16 1 Total area and Population of the CEE Countries
and EU 304
Table 16 2 Forestry statistics for several CEE 305
Table 16 3 Forested areas administered by the Federal
Forest Service of Russia, by region, million ha,
1993 and 1998 308
List of Tables xv
Table 16 4 Development of logging and wood supply in
forests administered by the Federal Forest
Service of Russia 1993-1998, by region
Table 16 5 Organization of forests under the Federal Forest
Service, by group and protective category (as of
January 1, 1998)
Table 16 6 Positions of nations with major forested areas
on a forest agreement, and their forest areas and
loggings
Table 16 7 European membership in important Sustainable
Forest Management processes
Table 16 8 Development of FSC-standard certified forests
|
adam_txt |
Agricultural Transformation
and Land Use in Central and
Eastern Europe
Edited by
STEPHAN J GOETZ
TANJA JAKSCH
ROSEMARIE SIEBERT
Ash gate
Aldershot • Burlington USA • Singapore • Sydney
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Contributors xvi
Acknowledgements xvii
Units xviii
Foreword xx
Introduction xxii
Tanja Jaksch, Rosemarie Siebert and Stephan J Goetz
1 Central and Eastern European Agricultural
Transformation in a Global Perspective 1
Stephan, J Goetz
1 0 Introduction 1
1 1 Description of the national economies 4
1 2 Differences in agricultural economies and
rural areas 10
1 3 Central and Eastern Europe in the global
economy 16
1 4 Conclusion 18
2 Climate, Soils and Agricultural Potential 23
Gudrun Loose
2 0 Introduction 23
2 1 Climate 23
2 2 Soils 42
2 3 Summary and prospects 52
3 Social Change and Trends in Rural Areas 57
Rosemarie Siebert
3 0 Introduction 57
3 1 Population density and distribution 58
3 2 Demography and migration 59
3 3 The advent of unemployment 62
y
vi Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
3 4 Changing standards of living 65
3 5 Summary 67
Baltic States
4 Estonia 73
Elke Knappe
4 0 General setting 73
4 1 Agricultural policy 77
4 2 Land use 78
4 3 Forestry 81
5 Latvia 83
Elke Knappe
5 0 General setting 83
5 1 Agricultural policy 87
5 2 Land use 89
5 3 Forestry 94
6 Lithuania 95
Elke Knappe
6 0 General setting 95
6 1 Agricultural policy 99
6 2 Land use 100
6 3 Forestry 103
Former States of The Soviet Union
7 Belarus 107
Dieter Drager
7 0 Background to the transformation 107
7 1 General setting 108
7 2 Agricultural policy 111
7 3 Land use 115
7 4 Forestry 128
8 Russia 131
Tanja Jaksch and Dieter Drager
8 0 Background to the transformation 131
8 1 General setting 132
Contents vii
8 2 Agricultural policy 134
8 3 Land use 137
9 Ukraine 147
Hermann Mertens
9 0 Background to the transformation 147
9 1 General setting 148
9 2 Land use 155
9 3 Changes in property and use rights 165
9 4 Forest fund and forestry 171
Eastern European Countries
10 Bulgaria 177
Dieter Drager and Tanja Jaksch
10 0 Background to the transformation 177
10 1 General setting 179
10 2 Agricultural policy 181
10 3 Land use 185
11 Czech Republic 197
Tanja Jaksch
11 0 Background to the transformation 197
11 1 General setting 202
11 2 Land use in agriculture and forestry 202
11 3 Looking ahead at possible developments
in agriculture 205
11 4 Forestry 206
12 Hungary 209
Tanja Jaksch
12 0 Background to the transformation 209
12 1 General setting 211
12 2 Land use 212
12 3 Outlook 218
13 Poland 223
Hermann Mertens
13 0 Background to the transformation 223
13 1 General setting 224
13 2 Land use ' 230
viii Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
13 3 Environment, agricultural production and
rural areas 242
13 4 Strategic considerations 251
13 5 Land use for forestry 254
13 6 Rural socioeconomic conditions 261
14 Romania 269
Dieter Drager and Tanja Jaksch
14 0 Background to the transformation 269
14 1 General setting 270
14 2 Agricultural policy 274
14 3 Land use 276
14 4 Outlook 286
15 Slovakia 291
Tanja Jaksch
15 0 Background to the transformation 291
15 1 General setting 293
15 2 Agriculture 293
15 3 Land use 295
15 4 Development prospects in the context of
transformation 298
16 Land Use for Forestry 301
Albrecht Bemmann
16 0 Introduction 301
16 1 Forest conditions 303
16 2 Changes in forest property rights 313
16 3 Forest use 319
16 4 Forestry products certification 322
16 5 Conclusions 327
17 Prospects for the Future 333
Tanja Jaksch, Rosemarie Siebert and Stephan J Goetz
Index 337
List of Figures
Figure 1 1 Effect of population density on GNP per capita,
Figure 1 2 Value added in agriculture as a percent of GDP
versus GDP per capita, 1999 12
Figure 1 3 Effect of agricultural output growth on growth in
other sectors, 1990-1998 14
Figure 1 4 Value added in agriculture per worker versus arable
land per capita, 1999 16
Figure 1 5 Effect of export growth' on GDP growth, 1990-1999 18
Figure 2 1 Continentality according to Invanov 25
Figure 2 2 Precipitation deficit during July-August-September
in Europe 32
Figure 2 3 Agro-climatic sub-regions 35
Figure 2 4 Main soils associations (generalized) 41
Figure 2 5 Major interactions between different types of soil
degradation 50
Figure 3 1 Population density 59
Figure 4 1 Administrative structure and population density 76
Figure 5 1 Administrative structure and population density 85
Figure 5 2 Agricultural land use 92
Figure 6 1 Administrative structure and population density 97
Figure 6 2 Agricultural production in Lithuania 101
Figure 7 1 Administrative structure and population density (1993) 110
Figure 7 2 Areas resettled because of radioactive contamination 117
Figure 8 1 Population density 135
Figure 8 2 Grain harvest, 1994 142
Figure 9 1 Administrative structure and population density 149
Figure 9 2 Agricultural soil division 155
Figure 10 1 Geographic regions 178
Figure 10 2 Meteorological Stations and annual means of
precipitation, 1984-1993 180
Figure 10 3 Administrative structure 184
Figure 10 4 Long-term trends in cropping patterns 189
x Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Figure 0 5 Concentration of different crops 192
Figure 1 1 Size and distribution of the total agricultural
area, 1993 200
Figure 1 2 Administrative structure 201
Figure 1 3 Share of crops and area cultivated, 1994 203
Figure 2 1 Administrative borders in Hungary 213
Figure 2 2 Regions with high percentages of small private
farms 214
Figure 3 1 Administrative structure and population density by
voievodships 227
Figure 3 2 Agrarian values by voievodships 235
Figure 3 3 • Ecologically At-Risk Areas 243
Figure 3 4 Forestland and woods 261
Figure 4 1 Regions of Romania 270
Figure 4 2 Administrative structure and population density 271
Figure 4 3 Sunflower production patterns 285
Figure 4 4 Potato production patterns 285
Figure 5 1 Administrative districts 292
Figure 6 1 Share of total forest, by region of the world 302
Figure 6 2 Distribution of forest zones 306
Figure 6 3 Forest age structure in Russia 309
Figure 6 4 Wood harvest and wood production in Russia
1982-1998 321
List of Tables
Table 1 1 Differences in the level of development of the
countries 5
Table 1 2 Agricultural statistics for the transformation countries 15
Table 2 1 Climatological normals for select climate stations
1931-1960 28
Table 4 1 Ethnic composition of Estonia's resident population 74
Table 4 2 Farm types and sizes in Estonia, 1998 78
Table 4 3 Number of full-time family farms by size 79
Table 4 4 Livestock numbers by farm type, 1998 80
Table 4 5 Logging rates as a percent of standing crop 81
Table 5 1 Ethnic composition of Latvia's resident population (%) ) 84
Table 5 2 Gross domestic product relative to previous year 87
Table 5 3 Direct investment from abroad 87
Table 5 4 Sizes of different farm types 90
Table 5 5 Crop production shares of different farm types (1998) 91
Table 56/ Trends in crop production (1,000 t) 91
Table 5 7 Yield trends for selected crops (100 kg/ha) 91
Table 5 8 Trends in livestock numbers (1,000 head) 93
Table 6 1 Ethnic composition of Lithuania's population (%) 96
Table 6 2 Crop yields in Lithuania (in 1,000 t) 100
Table 6 3 Potato area in the Baltic states (1,000 ha) 101
Table 6 4 Trends in hog and cattle numbers (1,000 head) 102
Table 6 5 State forest felling (in 1,000 m3) 103
Table 7 1 Year-to-year variation in selected economic
variables (%), based on constant prices 108
Table 7 2 Territory and population, 1994 109
Table 7 3 Administrative structure of the Belarus Republic
(January 1994), number of units 109
Table 7 4 Regional meteorological data, Belarus 111
Table 7 5 Agricultural land use by type of user, 1999 114
Table 7 6 Structure of land use, 1999 115
Table 7 7 Land use patterns by oblast, 1994, in percent
of the total land 118
Table 7 8 Farmland structure in Belarus, 1960-1997 119
Table 7 9 Major soil groups in the Belarus Republic, 1996,
in percent 121
xi
xii Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Table 7 10 Share of soil type in arable land, 1985, in percent 122
Table 7 11 Farmland by oblast 122
Table 7 12 Cropping patterns in Belarus 123
Table 7 13 Cereals production patterns, in percent 124
Table 7 14 Size and structure of forage areas 124
Table 7 15 Patterns and average growth of agricultural
production in the 1990s 125
Table 7 16 Livestock production and productivity over time 126
Table 7 17 Medium-term targets for animal production 126
Table 7 18 Average crop output and yields 127
Table 8 1 Russian land area and population, 1994 133
Table 8 2 Administrative divisions of Russia's regions 134
Table 8 3 Land use in Russia 138
Table 8 4 Cropping patterns, in percent 139
Table 8 5 Quantities harvested and yields of selected crops 139
Table 8 6 Production of grains, meat and milk by region,
in kgs/capita 140
Table 8 7 Livestock inventories (million head) 144
Table 8 8 Production and yields in the livestock sector 144
Table 9 1 Trends in selected economic indicators 152
Table 9 2 Precipitation in selected locations, 1971-1980
avg , in mm 153
Table 9 3 Temperature conditions, in °C 153
Table 9 4 Comparison of area utilized in Ukraine, 1995 156
Table 9 5 Trends in gross agricultural output,
1986/1990=100, and percent of total accounted
for by each sector 159
Table 9 6 Crop yields in dt/ha 160
Table 9 7 Kolkhoz 40lh Anniversary yields, Kiev region,
in dt/ha 161
Table 9 8 Trends in livestock inventories, 1,000 head 162
Table 9 9 Trends in livestock output and yields 163
Table 9 10 Production and marketing of livestock products
per ha by agricultural zone, 1997-1998 165
Table 9 11 Trends in land use and livestock inventories
by type of farm organization, 1990, 1994 and
Table 10 1 Trends in economic indicators 179
Table 10 2 Territory and population 181
Table 10 3 Bulgaria's administrative divisions 181
Table 10 4 Land use patterns, 1998 185
List of Tables xiii
Table 10 5 Yield trends for selected crops, period averages
(dt/ha) 186
Table 10 6 Area allocated to industrial crops 190
Table 10 7 Area allocated to vegetables, potatoes and melons 190
Table 10 8 Area allocated to livestock feed crops 191
Table 10 9 Regional shares of area planted to individual
crops(1997) 191
Table 10 10 Overview of the livestock and meat industry 193
Table 11 1 Land use in agriculture and forestry, 1989 and
1997 (in 1,000 ha) 203
Table 11 2 Changes in livestock inventory, 1990-1998 204
Table 11 3 Changes in livestock production, 1991-1999 204
Table 11 4 Overview of organic farming, 1995 206
Table 12 1 Changes in farmland management, 1989-1998 210
Table 12 2 Trends in selected economic indicators 211
Table 12 3 Land use, in 1,000 ha 215
Table 12 4 Changes in agricultural uses of land, 1,000 ha 215
Table 12 5 Land allocated to selected crops, 1989-1998 216
Table 12 6 Yield trends for selected crops in dt/ha 217
Table 12 7 Trends in livestock inventories, 1,000 head 218
Table 12 8 Trends in livestock production, 1989-1998 218
Table 13 1 Trends in major economic variables 229
Table 13 2 Disposition of land taken over by the AWRSP
by December 1999 (in 1,000 ha) 231
Table 13 3 Types of land use 233
Table 13 4 Farm and forest lands by voievodship (in 1,000 ha) 234
Table 13 5 Share of major crops in total crop area by
macro-region 236
Table 13 6 Changes in crop area and shares, 1977-1980 and
1996-1997 238
Table 13 7 Field vegetable and fruit production by voievodship,
1997-1998 averages as a percent of national totals 239
Table 13 8 Selected environmental data on voievodships
with agrarian values above 1 1 (1997) 240
Table 13 9 Yields of selected field crops 1981-1985, 100 kg/ha 244
Table 13 10 Total output and yields of field crops, 1996-1998 246
Table 13 11 Units of farm machinery and equipment, 'June 1996 246
Table 13 12 Total and per capita animal production 248
Table 13 13 Estimated farm development potential by
voievodship 253
xiv Agricultural Transformation and Land Use in CEE
Table 13 14 Trends in forest defoliation rates in selected
European countries (percent of defoliation
classes 2-4 in total forest stands) 255
Table 13 15 Forest area by voievodship, 1998 256
Table 13 16 Comparison of species composition and age
structure of forests, 1945 and 1997 (percent
of total forest area) 257
Table 13 17 Trends in selected silvicultural measures (1,000 ha) 257
Table 13 18 Protected areas and forests 258
Table 13 19 Forest conditions by forest and landscape zones,
Table 13 20 Amenities of urban and rural households, 1998 264
Table 14 1 Changes in selected economic indicators 269
Table 14 2 Area and population by district, 1992 272
Table 14 3 Romania's administrative divisions, 1992 273
Table 14 4 Land use in Romania, 1992 277
Table 14 5 Patterns of farmland use 279
Table 14 6 Regional land use characteristics, in percent, 1997 280
Table 14 7 Area planted to different crops, in percent 281
Table 14 8 Area planted to different crops, 1,000 ha 281
Table 14 9 Grains and legume cropping patterns, in percent 282
Table 14 10 Cropping patterns of crops used as livestock feed
(1,000 ha) 283
Table 14 11 Cropping patterns in selected districts 283
Table 14 12 Share of planted area of selected crop groups, 1993 284
Table 14 13 Production of livestock and livestock products 286
Table 14 14 Livestock production in Romania 288
Table 15 1 Selected economic indicators 294
Table 15 2 Changes in enterprises number and sizes by
legal form 295
Table 15 3 Land use, in hectares 295
Table 15 4 Changes in arable and farmland use by region
in ha, 1970-1990 296
Table 15 5 Area planted to selected crops, 1,000 ha 297
Table 15 6 Livestock inventories, 1989-1998 (1,000 head) 297
Table 15 7 Livestock performance, 1989-1998 297
Table 16 1 Total area and Population of the CEE Countries
and EU 304
Table 16 2 Forestry statistics for several CEE 305
Table 16 3 Forested areas administered by the Federal
Forest Service of Russia, by region, million ha,
1993 and 1998 308
List of Tables xv
Table 16 4 Development of logging and wood supply in
forests administered by the Federal Forest
Service of Russia 1993-1998, by region
Table 16 5 Organization of forests under the Federal Forest
Service, by group and protective category (as of
January 1, 1998)
Table 16 6 Positions of nations with major forested areas
on a forest agreement, and their forest areas and
loggings
Table 16 7 European membership in important Sustainable
Forest Management processes
Table 16 8 Development of FSC-standard certified forests |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author2 | Goetz, Stephan J. Jaksch, Tanja Siebert, Rosemarie |
author2_role | edt edt edt |
author2_variant | s j g sj sjg t j tj r s rs |
author_facet | Goetz, Stephan J. Jaksch, Tanja Siebert, Rosemarie |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV023524948 |
callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
callnumber-label | HD1920 |
callnumber-raw | HD1920.7.A655 2001 |
callnumber-search | HD1920.7.A655 2001 |
callnumber-sort | HD 41920.7 A655 42001 |
callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
classification_rvk | QS 000 RP 80663 ZB 62000 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)248288977 (DE-599)BVBBV023524948 |
dewey-full | 333.76/094721 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 333 - Economics of land and energy |
dewey-raw | 333.76/0947 21 |
dewey-search | 333.76/0947 21 |
dewey-sort | 3333.76 3947 221 |
dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Wirtschaftswissenschaften Geographie |
discipline_str_mv | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Wirtschaftswissenschaften Geographie |
format | Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
geographic | Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
geographic_facet | Ostmitteleuropa Osteuropa |
id | DE-604.BV023524948 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-02T22:33:44Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:53Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0754613720 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016845195 |
oclc_num | 248288977 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
physical | XXIV, 340 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 22 cm |
publishDate | 2001 |
publishDateSearch | 2001 |
publishDateSort | 2001 |
publisher | Ashgate |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe ed. by Stephan J. Goetz ; Tanja Jaksch ; Rosemarie Siebert Aldershot <<[u.a.]>> Ashgate 2001 XXIV, 340 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Landwirtschaft Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Europe, Eastern Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Former Soviet republics Land use, Rural -- Europe, Eastern Land use, Rural -- Former Soviet republics Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd rswk-swf Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 g Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 s DE-604 Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 s DE-188 Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Goetz, Stephan J. edt Jaksch, Tanja edt Siebert, Rosemarie edt http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy022/2001091685.html Table of contents HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016845195&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe Landwirtschaft Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Europe, Eastern Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Former Soviet republics Land use, Rural -- Europe, Eastern Land use, Rural -- Former Soviet republics Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4034453-8 (DE-588)4259046-2 (DE-588)4075753-5 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |
title_auth | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |
title_exact_search | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |
title_exact_search_txtP | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |
title_full | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe ed. by Stephan J. Goetz ; Tanja Jaksch ; Rosemarie Siebert |
title_fullStr | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe ed. by Stephan J. Goetz ; Tanja Jaksch ; Rosemarie Siebert |
title_full_unstemmed | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe ed. by Stephan J. Goetz ; Tanja Jaksch ; Rosemarie Siebert |
title_short | Agricultural transformation and land use in Central and Eastern Europe |
title_sort | agricultural transformation and land use in central and eastern europe |
topic | Landwirtschaft Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Europe, Eastern Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Former Soviet republics Land use, Rural -- Europe, Eastern Land use, Rural -- Former Soviet republics Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Landwirtschaft Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Europe, Eastern Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Former Soviet republics Land use, Rural -- Europe, Eastern Land use, Rural -- Former Soviet republics Landwirtschaftsentwicklung Landnutzung Ostmitteleuropa Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy022/2001091685.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016845195&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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