Introduction to information systems in business management:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, MA [u.a.]
Irwin
1991
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| Ausgabe: | 6. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Getr. Zählung |
| ISBN: | 0256098808 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to information systems in business management |c James A. O'Brien |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Boston, MA [u.a.] |b Irwin |c 1991 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | REAL WORLD CASES
AND PROBLEMS
MODULE I CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Back Bay Hardware 7
Real World Case: Nissan Motor Company 24
Real World Case: Pier 1 Imports, Inc. 35
Real World Problems
1. Pan Am Corporation 38
2. Wendy s International, Inc. 39
3. Haydel s Bakery 39
4. The Movie Business 40
5. ABC Department Stores 40
6. Jefferson State University 41
7. Analyzing an Information System 41
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
Real World Case: WearGuard, Incorporated 54
Real World Case: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 62
Real World Problems
1. K mart Corporation 65
2. Federal Express 65
3. Otis Elevator Company 66
4. Ford Motor Company 66
5. Western Chemical Corporation 67
6. IBM Corporation 67
7. American Airlines, Inc. 68
8. Grand Metropolitan 68
Real World Cases and Problems
MODULE II CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE
Real World Case: Pepperidge Farm 86
Real World Case: Charles Schwab Co., and Ohio State University 107
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Incorporated 118
Real World Problems
1. Georgia Pacific Corporation 124
2. Canadian Pacific and Alamo Rent a Car, Inc. 124
3. Echlin, Inc. 125
4. Hertz International 125
5. Input Alternatives 126
6. Output Alternatives 126
7. Storage Alternatives 126
8. Apple Computer, Inc. 126
9. Shearson, Burlington and Lenox 127
10. Mack Trucks, Inc. 127
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Real World Case: The Washington Post and Chicago Tribune 149
Real World Case: Using Integrated Packages 156
Real World Problems
1. High s Ice Cream Corporation 159
2. Powercard Corporation 160
3. UNIX in Europe 160
4. Citicorp Latin American Technology Group 161
5. System Software 161
6. End User Software 161
7. Hewlett-Packard Company 162
8. Ron Kloss Associates 162
CHAFFER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Real World Case: United Parcel Service 177
Real World Case: Sanford C. Bernstein Company 192
Real World Problems
1. K mart Corporation 195
2. Qualcomm Inc. 196
3. The National Football League 197
4. CBS Records 197
5. American Express Company 198
6. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 198
7. Analyzing Telecommunications Networks 199
Real World Cases and Problems
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Real World Case: The Seattle Symphony and Herberger Theatre Center 217
Real World Case: Club Corporation International 227
Real World Problems
1. Merrill Lynch Co. 230
2. Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals 231
3. The Bank of Montreal 231
4. Unmanaged Data in Business 232
5. The Perseus Hypermedia Database 233
6. Arthur Andersen Company 233
7. Bank of Boston 234
8. Using a Database Management Package 234
MODULE 111 CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Hughes Aircraft Company 251
Real World Case: American Airlines 264
Real World Problems
1. Consolidated Insurance Group 267
2. Canadian National Railways 267
3. Diagonal Data Corporation 268
4. Price Waterhouse 268
5. Intel Corporation 269
6. North American Van Lines 270
7. The Travelers Corporation 270
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Playtex, Sears, and DJ Distributing 286
Real World Case: The Benetton Group 294
Real World Problems
1. Marsh Village Pantry 297
2. Ford Motor Company 297
3. Dillard s Department Stores 298
4. PDX Corporation 298
5. Godiva Chocolatier, Inc. 299
6. Copco Papers, Inc. 300
7. Bank of Boston 300
8. Analyzing Transaction Processing Systems 301
Real World Cases and Problems
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Chevron Corporation 310
Real World Case: Frito-Lay, Inc. 322
Real World Case: The Broadway 335
Real World Problems
1. American Airlines 339
2. The University of Arizona 340
3. Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Co. 341
4. International Pharmaceutical Co. 341
5. Zenith Electronics Corporation 342
6. Intel and Johnson Wax 342
7. East India Hotels 343
8. Using an Electronic Spreadsheet for Decision Support 344
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Part II 360
Real World Case: Barney s Stores, Inc. 368
Real World Problems
1. Database Marketing 371
2. Manufacturing at Ingersoll 372
3. Human Resource Management at Penwalt 372
4. Market Research at A. C. Nielsen 373
5. Finance at Kidder, Peabody Co. 373
6. Accounting at Reese Electric Supply 374
7. Marketing at Del Monte Corporation 374
8. Cross-Functional Systems at Bergen Brunswig 375
MODULE IV CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM SOLUTIONS
Real World Case: Sony Corporation of America 394
Real World Case: Chevy Chase Bank 412
Real World Problems
1. ABC Auto Parts 415
2. General Electric Capital Corporation 415
3. American Software Corporation 416
4. Petro-Canada 416
5. Beckman Instruments, Inc. 417
6. Western Chemical Corporation 417
7. Restaurant data entry displays 418
8. Laurentian Industries, Inc. 418
Heal World ( uses and Problems
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Real World Case: AT T Corporation 429
Real World Case: Hospital at St. Raphael 440
Real World Problems
1. Lithonia Lighting 443
2. Pacific Bell Co. 444
3. McDonald s Corporation 444
4. Planning for the Future 445
5. Merrill Lynch Canada 446
6. First National Bank of Las Vegas 447
7. Portland General Electric 447
8. Society National Bank 448
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM RESOURCES
Real World Case: U.S. Shoe Corporation 463
Real World Case: H. P. Hood Incorporated 471
Real World Problems
1. MIS Hall of Fame 474
2. MIS Hall of Shame 475
3. Warner-Lambert Co. 476
4. Texaco, Inc. 476
5. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 477
6. Corning Inc. 477
7. IS Professional Profile 478
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE
Real World Case: Air Products Chemicals Inc. 493
Real World Case: Robert T. Morris Jr. 507
Real World Problems
1. Hertz Corporation and Security Pacific Bank 509
2. Citicorp 510
3. Manufacturers Hanover Corporation 511
4. Prudential-Bache Securities 511
5. Kenneth Rosenblatt, Deputy D.A. 512
6. University of California at Los Angeles 512
7. Facts on File, Inc. 513
8. Systems Applications, Inc. 514
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
MODULE I FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4
Section I: The Importance of Information Systems
Section II: Fundamental Information System Concepts
Section III: Computers Past, Present, and Future
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT 42
Section I: Information Systems for Operations and Management
Section II: Information Systems for Strategic Advantage
MODULE II INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 71
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE 72
Section I: Computer Systems: Micros, Minis, and Mainframes
Section II: Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage
Section III: Computer Concepts: How Computers Work
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE 130
Section I: System Software: Computer System Management
Section II: Application Software: End User Applications
CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 164
Section I: An Overview of Telecommunications
Section II: Technical Telecommunications Alternatives
Contents in Brief
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT 200
Section I: An Overview of Database Management
Section II: Technical Foundations of Database Management
MODULE III INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 237
CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 238
Section I: End User Computing
Section II: Office Automation
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS 272
Section I: Transaction Processing Systems
Section II: Information Reporting Systems
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS 302
Section I: Managerial Decision Support
Section II: Decision Support and Executive Information Systems
Section III: Expert Systems
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS 346
Section I: Information Systems in Marketing, Manufacturing, and Human Resource
Management
Section II: Information Systems in Accounting and Finance
MODULE IV INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT 379
CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS 380
Section I: Information Systems Development
Section II: Using Systems Development Tools
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 420
Section I: Information Systems Planning
Section II: Implementing Information Systems
Contents in Bricl
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM
RESOURCES 450
Section I: Information Resource Management
Section II: Managing Information Services
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE 480
Section I: Controls for Information System Performance and Security
Section II: Computer Crime, Ethics, and Society
GLOSSARY FOR END USERS G-l
INDEX l-l
CONTENTS
MODULE I FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4
Section I: The Importance of Information Systems 6
Why Learn about Computers and Information Systems? 6
Real World Case: Back Bay Hardware 7
Information Systems in the Real World 7
Analyzing Back Bay Hardware 8
What You Should Know about Information Systems 8
Foundation Concepts 8
Technology 9
Applications 9
Development 9
Management 10
Section II: Fundamental Information System Concepts 11
Systems Concepts 11
Feedback and Control 11
Other System Characteristics 13
A Business as a System 13
Information Processing 15
Data versus Information 15
Information System Concepts 16
An Information System Model 16
Information System Activities 16
Information System Resources 19
Recognizing Information Systems 21
An Example of a Computer-Based Information System 22
Computers and Computer Systems 22
Real World Case: Nissan Motor Company 24
Contents
Section III: Computers Past, Present, and Future 25
Time Capsules 25
The Origin of Computing Machines 26
Computer Pioneers 28
The First Three Generations 30
The Present Fourth Generation 32
The Future Fifth Generation 34
Real World Case: Pier I Imports 35
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT 42
Section I: Information Systems for Operations and Management 44
An Overview of Information Systems 44
The Expanding Roles of Information Systems 44
Operations and Management Classifications 46
Information Systems for Business Operations 47
Transaction Processing Systems 47
Process Control Systems 47
Office Automation Systems 48
Information Systems for Management Decision Making 48
Information Reporting Systems 50
Decision Support Systems 50
Executive Information Systems 57
Other Classifications of Information Systems 51
Expert Systems 52
End User Computing Systems 52
Business Function Information Systems 52
Integrated Information Systems 53
Real World Case: WearGuard, Incorporated 54
Section II: Information Systems for Strategic Advantage 55
Competitive Strategy Concepts 55
Strategic Roles for Information Systems 56
Improving Operational Efficiency 56
Promoting Organizational Efficiency 58
Building Strategic Information Resources 59
Information Systems and the Value Chain 60
A Managerial Perspective 61
Real World Case: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 62
( ontniK
MODULE 11 INFORMATION SVSTKMS TKC11 OLOOY 71
CI1A1TKK 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE 72
Section I: Computer Systems: Micros, Minis, and Mainframes 74
The Computer System Concept 74
Types of Computer Systems 75
Speed of Computer Systems 76
Capacity of Computer Systems 78
Microcomputer Systems 78
A Microcomputer System 79
Microcomputer Applications 81
Minicomputer Systems 82
Applications 83
Mainframe Computer Systems 83
Applications 84
Supercomputer Systems 85
Real World Case: Pepperidge Farm 86
Section II: Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage 87
Trends in User Interface Methods 87
Computer Terminals 87
Pointing Devices 88
Video Output 89
Printed Output 90
Voice Input/Output 91
Other Input/Output Technologies 94
Optical Scanning 94
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 95
Micrographics 95
Trends in Storage Methods 98
Storage Media Trade-offs 98
Direct and Sequential Access 100
Semiconductor Storage 100
Semiconductor Secondary Storage 101
Magnetic Disk Storage 102
Types of Magnetic Disks 102
Magnetic Tape Storage 102
Optical Disk Storage 104
Real World Case: Charles Schwab Co. and Ohio State University 107
Contents
Section III: Computer Concepts: How Computers Work 108
The Central Processing Unit 109
The Control Unit 109
The Arithmetic-Logic Unit 109
Primary Storage 109
Other CPU Designs 110
How Computers Execute Instructions 111
Executing an Instruction 111
The Order of Execution 112
How Computers Represent Data 112
The Binary Number System 112
The Hexadecimal Number System 114
The ASCII and EBCDIC Codes 114
Bits, Bytes, and Words 116
Representing Data 117
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Incorporated 118
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE 130
Section I: System Software: Computer System Management 132
Introduction to Software 132
Software Trends 133
System Software Overview 134
Operating Systems 134
Operating System Management Functions 135
Software for the User Interface 137
Software for Multitasking 137
Database Management Systems 138
Microcomputer DBMS Packages 138
Telecommunications Monitors 139
Microcomputer Communications Software 139
System Support Programs 140
Programming Languages 141
Machine Languages 141
Assembler Languages 141
High-Level Languages 142
Fourth-Generation Languages 143
Advantages and Disadvantages 145
Object-Oriented Languages 146
Language Translator Programs 147
Programming Tools 148
Real World Case: The Washington Post and Chicago Tribune 149
(Contents
Section II: Application Software: End User Applications 150
Application Software for End Users 150
General-Purpose Programs 150
Application-Specific Programs 150
Word Processing Packages 151
Electronic Spreadsheet Packages 151
What-if Analysis 153
Graphics Packages 153
Integrated Packages 153
Other End User Packages 155
Real World Case: Using Integrated Packages 156
CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 164
Section I: An Overview of Telecommunications 166
Introduction 166
A Telecommunications Network Model 166
Types of Telecommunications Networks 167
Applications of Telecommunications 168
Transaction Processing and Inquiry/Response 169
Distributed and Cooperative Processing 170
Office Automation and End User Computing 171
Personal Information Services 172
Telecommunications Carriers 173
Common Carriers 173
Value-Added Carriers 173
A Managerial Perspective 174
Trends in Telecommunications 174
The Value of Telecommunications 175
Real World Case: United Parcel Service 177
Section II: Technical Telecommunications Alternatives 178
Telecommunications Media 178
Twisted-Pair Wire 178
Coaxial Cable 178
Fiber Optics 179
Microwave Systems 180
Communications Satellites 180
Cellular Radio 181
Contents
Telecommunications Processors 181
Modems 181
Multiplexers, Concentrators, and Controllers 181
Front-End Processors 182
Private Branch Exchange 182
Telecommunications Software 183
Telecommunications Network Topologies 185
Star, Ring, and Bus Networks 185
Network Architectures and Protocols 186
Protocols 186
Network Architectures 188
Communications Channel Characteristics 188
Transmission Speed 188
Parallel or Serial Transmission 189
Transmission Mode 190
Transmission Direction 190
Switching Alternatives 190
Access Methods 191
Real World Case: Sanford C. Bernstein Company 192
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT 200
Section I: An Overview of Database Management 202
A Manager s View of File and Database Processing 202
Management Problems of File Processing 203
Data Duplication 203
Lack of Data Integration 203
Data Dependence 203
Other Problems 204
The Database Management Solution 204
Database Storage 204
Database Processing 204
Using Database Management Systems 206
Database Development 208
Database Interrogation and Reporting 208
Application Development 209
Database Maintenance 209
Types of Databases 209
Text Databases 212
Hypertext 212
A Managerial Perspective 213
Benefits and Limitations of Database Management 215
Database Administration 215
Data Administration 215
Data Planning 216
Real World Case: The Seattle Symphony and Herberger Theatre Center 217
Contents
Section II: Technical Foundations of Database Management 218
Logical Data Elements 218
Character 218
Field 219
Record 219
File 219
Database 219
Logical and Physical Data Elements 220
Database Structures 220
Hierarchical Structure 220
Network Structure 222
Relational Structure 222
Object-Oriented Structure 222
Evaluation of Database Structure 222
Database Development 223
Data Planning and Modeling 223
Database and File Organization 225
Sequential Organization 226
Direct Organization 226
Real World Case: Club Corporation International 227
MODULE III INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 237
CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 238
Section I: End User Computing 240
Introduction 240
Components of an End User Computing System 240
Resources for End User Computing 241
Hardware Resources: End User Workstations 241
Software Resources: End User Packages 242
People Resources: The Information Center 242
Data Resources: Multiple Databases 243
End User Computing Applications 243
Office Automation 243
Information Management and Retrieval Applications 245
Decision Support Applications 246
End User Applications Development 247
Contents
The Information Center 247
The Role of the Information Center 248
A Managerial Perspective 249
Real World Case: Hughes Aircraft Company 249
Section II: Office Automation 252
Introduction 252
Information System Activities 252
Word Processing 253
Desktop Publishing 254
Image Processing 256
Electronic Document Management 256
Interactive Video 257
Electronic Communications Systems 257
Electronic Mail 258
Voice Mail 258
Facsimile 258
Electronic Meeting Systems 259
Teleconferencing 259
Telecommuting 260
Office Support Systems 261
A Managerial Perspective 262
OA Benefits 262
OA Limitations 263
Real World Case: American Airlines 264
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS 272
Section I: Transaction Processing Systems 274
Introduction 274
The Transaction Processing Cycle 275
The Data Entry Process 275
Traditional Data Entry 275
Source Data Automation 276
Electronic Data Interchange 276
Benefits of EDI 279
Batch Processing 279
Advantages and Disadvantages 281
(lontciits
Realtime Processing 281
Advantages and Disadvantages 283
Database Maintenance 283
Document and Report Generation 283
Inquiry Processing 285
Real World Case: Playtex, Sears, and DJ Distributing 286
Section II: Information Reporting Systems 287
Introduction 287
Attributes of Information Quality 287
Information Presentation Alternatives 287
Business Graphics 288
Information Reporting Systems 290
Information Reporting Alternatives 291
Real World Case: The Benetton Group 293
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS 302
Section I: Managerial Decision Support 304
Information and Management 304
Information and the Functions of Management 304
Information and the Roles of Management 305
Information and the Levels of Management 306
Information and Decision Making 306
Information for the Intelligence Stage 307
Information for the Design Stage 308
Information for the Choice Stage 309
Real World Case: Chevron Corporation 310
Section II: Decision Support and Executive Information Systems 311
Introduction 311
Examples of DSS Applications 311
Components of a Decision Support System 312
DSS Software 313
DSS and Electronic Spreadsheets 314
GDSS Packages 316
Using Decision Support Systems 316
Analytical Modeling Alternatives 317
Executive Information Systems 319
Rationale for EIS 319
Components of an EIS 320
Real World Case: Frito-Lay, Inc. 322
Contents
Section III: Expert Systems 323
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence 323
The Domains of Artificial Intelligence 323
Knowledge-Based Information Systems 325
Components of an Expert System 326
Examples of Expert Systems 329
Expert System Applications 329
Developing Expert Systems 334
A Managerial Perspective 334
Real World Case: The Broadway 335
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS 346
Section I: Information Systems in Marketing, Manufacturing, and Human Resource
Management 348
Introduction 348
Marketing Information Systems 349
Sales Management 349
Product Management 349
Advertising and Promotion 349
Sales Forecasting 350
Market Research 351
Marketing Management 352
Manufacturing Information Systems 352
Computer Integrated Manufacturing 352
Process Control 355
Machine Control 355
Robotics 356
Computer-Aided Engineering 356
Human Resource Information Systems 358
Staffing 358
Training and Development 359
Compensation Analysis 359
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Part II 360
Section II: Information Systems in Accounting and Finance 361
Accounting Information Systems 361
Order Processing 361
Inventory Control 361
Accounts Receivable 362
Accounts Payable 362
Payroll 363
General Ledger 363
Financial Information Systems 364
Cash and Securities Management 364
Capital Budgeting 366
Financial Forecasting 366
Financial Planning 367
Real World Case: Barney s Stores, Inc. 368
MODULE IV INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT 379
CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS 380
Section I: Information Systems Development 382
The Systems Approach 382
The Systems Development Cycle 382
Systems Investigation 383
Information Systems Planning 383
Feasibility Studies 384
Systems Analysis 386
Analysis of the Organizational Environment 386
Analysis of the Present System 386
System Requirements Analysis 386
Systems Design 387
User Interface, Data, and Process Design 387
Logical System Design 388
Physical System Design 388
System Design Standards 389
Systems Implementation and Maintenance 389
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering 390
Prototyping 391
The Prototyping Process 392
Real World Case: Sony Corporation of America 394
Section II: Using Systems Development Tools 395
Systems Development Tools 395
Overview of Systems Development Tools 395
A Case Study Example: ABC Auto Parts 397
The Retail Automation Issue 397
Planning and Investigation 398
The Present System 398
The Proposed System 399
Contents
Using Systems Development Tools at ABC Auto Parts 399
System Flowcharts 399
Data Flow Diagrams 400
Layout Forms and Screens 403
System Component Matrix 404
Using Computer-Aided Development Tools 405
Data Dictionaries and System Repositories 405
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering at ABC Auto Parts 408
The Prototyping Process 408
Developing Information Systems Solutions: Getting Started 409
A Framework for Systems Analysis and Design 409
Real World Case: Chevy Chase Bank 412
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 420
Section I: Information Systems Planning 422
Introduction 422
The Role of Information Systems Planning 422
Strategic Information Systems Planning 423
Tactical and Operational Planning 424
Information Systems Planning Methodologies 425
Business Systems Planning 425
Critical Success Factors 426
Computer-Aided Planning Tools 428
Real World Case: AT T Corporation 429
Section II: Implementing Information Systems 430
Introduction 430
Acquisition of Hardware, Software, and Services 430
Hardware Suppliers 431
Software Suppliers 432
External Service Suppliers 432
End User Computing Suppliers 432
The Evaluation Process 433
Hardware Evaluation Factors 436
Software Evaluation Factors 436
Evaluation of Vendor Supports 437
System Testing 438
System Documentation 438
Conversion Methods 438
The Maintenance Function 441
Real World Case: Hospital of St. Raphael 440
Contents
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM
RESOURCES 450
Section I: Information Resource Management 452
The Impact of Information Technology 452
Management and Information Technology 452
Centralization versus Decentralization 454
Information Resource Management 455
Five Dimensions of IRM 455
Information Systems Performance 458
Management Involvement 459
End User Involvement 460
Real World Case: U.S. Shoe Corporation 463
Section II: Managing Information Services 464
Organizing Information Services 464
Administration of Information Services 464
Systems Development Management 465
Operations Management 466
Technical Services 466
Data Administration 466
User Services 468
Telecommunications Management 468
Technology Management 469
Managing Information Services Personnel 470
Real World Case: H. P. Hood, Incorporated 471
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE 480
Section I: Controls for Information System Performance and Security 482
Why Controls Are Needed 482
What Controls Are Needed 482
Information System Controls 482
Input Controls 483
Processing Controls 484
Output Controls 485
Storage Controls 486
Procedural Controls 487
Separation of Duties 487
Standard Procedures and Documentation 487
Authorization Requirements 487
Disaster Recovery 488
Contents
Physical Facility Controls 488
Physical Protection Controls 489
Biometric Controls 489
Telecommunications Controls 489
Computer Failure Controls 489
Controls for End User Computing 490
Auditing Information Systems 491
Real World Case: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 493
Section II: Computer Crime, Ethics, and Society 494
The Impact of Computers on Society 494
Social Applications 495
Impact on Employment and Productivity 495
Impact on Competition 495
Impact on Individuality 496
Impact on the Quality of Life 496
Impact on Privacy 497
Computer Crime 498
Computer Crime Laws 498
Examples of Computer Crime 499
Information Systems and Computer Crime 502
Computer Ethics 503
A Code of Ethics 503
Ethical Issues 503
Controls and Social Responsibility 505
Real World Case: Robert T. Morris Jr. 507
GLOSSARY FOR END USERS G-l
INDEX 1-1
|
| adam_txt |
REAL WORLD CASES
AND PROBLEMS
MODULE I CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Back Bay Hardware 7
Real World Case: Nissan Motor Company 24
Real World Case: Pier 1 Imports, Inc. 35
Real World Problems
1. Pan Am Corporation 38
2. Wendy's International, Inc. 39
3. Haydel's Bakery 39
4. The Movie Business 40
5. ABC Department Stores 40
6. Jefferson State University 41
7. Analyzing an Information System 41
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
Real World Case: WearGuard, Incorporated 54
Real World Case: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 62
Real World Problems
1. K mart Corporation 65
2. Federal Express 65
3. Otis Elevator Company 66
4. Ford Motor Company 66
5. Western Chemical Corporation 67
6. IBM Corporation 67
7. American Airlines, Inc. 68
8. Grand Metropolitan 68
Real World Cases and Problems
MODULE II CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE
Real World Case: Pepperidge Farm 86
Real World Case: Charles Schwab Co., and Ohio State University 107
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Incorporated 118
Real World Problems
1. Georgia Pacific Corporation 124
2. Canadian Pacific and Alamo Rent a Car, Inc. 124
3. Echlin, Inc. 125
4. Hertz International 125
5. Input Alternatives 126
6. Output Alternatives 126
7. Storage Alternatives 126
8. Apple Computer, Inc. 126
9. Shearson, Burlington and Lenox 127
10. Mack Trucks, Inc. 127
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Real World Case: The Washington Post and Chicago Tribune 149
Real World Case: Using Integrated Packages 156
Real World Problems
1. High's Ice Cream Corporation 159
2. Powercard Corporation 160
3. UNIX in Europe 160
4. Citicorp Latin American Technology Group 161
5. System Software 161
6. End User Software 161
7. Hewlett-Packard Company 162
8. Ron Kloss Associates 162
CHAFFER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Real World Case: United Parcel Service 177
Real World Case: Sanford C. Bernstein Company 192
Real World Problems
1. K mart Corporation 195
2. Qualcomm Inc. 196
3. The National Football League 197
4. CBS Records 197
5. American Express Company 198
6. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 198
7. Analyzing Telecommunications Networks 199
Real World Cases and Problems
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Real World Case: The Seattle Symphony and Herberger Theatre Center 217
Real World Case: Club Corporation International 227
Real World Problems
1. Merrill Lynch Co. 230
2. Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals 231
3. The Bank of Montreal 231
4. Unmanaged Data in Business 232
5. The Perseus Hypermedia Database 233
6. Arthur Andersen Company 233
7. Bank of Boston 234
8. Using a Database Management Package 234
MODULE 111 CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Hughes Aircraft Company 251
Real World Case: American Airlines 264
Real World Problems
1. Consolidated Insurance Group 267
2. Canadian National Railways 267
3. Diagonal Data Corporation 268
4. Price Waterhouse 268
5. Intel Corporation 269
6. North American Van Lines 270
7. The Travelers Corporation 270
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Playtex, Sears, and DJ Distributing 286
Real World Case: The Benetton Group 294
Real World Problems
1. Marsh Village Pantry 297
2. Ford Motor Company 297
3. Dillard's Department Stores 298
4. PDX Corporation 298
5. Godiva Chocolatier, Inc. 299
6. Copco Papers, Inc. 300
7. Bank of Boston 300
8. Analyzing Transaction Processing Systems 301
Real World Cases and Problems
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Chevron Corporation 310
Real World Case: Frito-Lay, Inc. 322
Real World Case: The Broadway 335
Real World Problems
1. American Airlines 339
2. The University of Arizona 340
3. Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Co. 341
4. International Pharmaceutical Co. 341
5. Zenith Electronics Corporation 342
6. Intel and Johnson Wax 342
7. East India Hotels 343
8. Using an Electronic Spreadsheet for Decision Support 344
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Part II 360
Real World Case: Barney's Stores, Inc. 368
Real World Problems
1. Database Marketing 371
2. Manufacturing at Ingersoll 372
3. Human Resource Management at Penwalt 372
4. Market Research at A. C. Nielsen 373
5. Finance at Kidder, Peabody Co. 373
6. Accounting at Reese Electric Supply 374
7. Marketing at Del Monte Corporation 374
8. Cross-Functional Systems at Bergen Brunswig 375
MODULE IV CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM SOLUTIONS
Real World Case: Sony Corporation of America 394
Real World Case: Chevy Chase Bank 412
Real World Problems
1. ABC Auto Parts 415
2. General Electric Capital Corporation 415
3. American Software Corporation 416
4. Petro-Canada 416
5. Beckman Instruments, Inc. 417
6. Western Chemical Corporation 417
7. Restaurant data entry displays 418
8. Laurentian Industries, Inc. 418
Heal World ("uses and Problems
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Real World Case: AT T Corporation 429
Real World Case: Hospital at St. Raphael 440
Real World Problems
1. Lithonia Lighting 443
2. Pacific Bell Co. 444
3. McDonald's Corporation 444
4. Planning for the Future 445
5. Merrill Lynch Canada 446
6. First National Bank of Las Vegas 447
7. Portland General Electric 447
8. Society National Bank 448
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM RESOURCES
Real World Case: U.S. Shoe Corporation 463
Real World Case: H. P. Hood Incorporated 471
Real World Problems
1. MIS Hall of Fame 474
2. MIS Hall of Shame 475
3. Warner-Lambert Co. 476
4. Texaco, Inc. 476
5. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 477
6. Corning Inc. 477
7. IS Professional Profile 478
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE
Real World Case: Air Products Chemicals Inc. 493
Real World Case: Robert T. Morris Jr. 507
Real World Problems
1. Hertz Corporation and Security Pacific Bank 509
2. Citicorp 510
3. Manufacturers Hanover Corporation 511
4. Prudential-Bache Securities 511
5. Kenneth Rosenblatt, Deputy D.A. 512
6. University of California at Los Angeles 512
7. Facts on File, Inc. 513
8. Systems Applications, Inc. 514
CONTENTS IN BRIEF
MODULE I FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4
Section I: The Importance of Information Systems
Section II: Fundamental Information System Concepts
Section III: Computers Past, Present, and Future
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT 42
Section I: Information Systems for Operations and Management
Section II: Information Systems for Strategic Advantage
MODULE II INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 71
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE 72
Section I: Computer Systems: Micros, Minis, and Mainframes
Section II: Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage
Section III: Computer Concepts: How Computers Work
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE 130
Section I: System Software: Computer System Management
Section II: Application Software: End User Applications
CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 164
Section I: An Overview of Telecommunications
Section II: Technical Telecommunications Alternatives
Contents in Brief
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT 200
Section I: An Overview of Database Management
Section II: Technical Foundations of Database Management
MODULE III INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 237
CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 238
Section I: End User Computing
Section II: Office Automation
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS 272
Section I: Transaction Processing Systems
Section II: Information Reporting Systems
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS 302
Section I: Managerial Decision Support
Section II: Decision Support and Executive Information Systems
Section III: Expert Systems
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS 346
Section I: Information Systems in Marketing, Manufacturing, and Human Resource
Management
Section II: Information Systems in Accounting and Finance
MODULE IV INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT 379
CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS 380
Section I: Information Systems Development
Section II: Using Systems Development Tools
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 420
Section I: Information Systems Planning
Section II: Implementing Information Systems
Contents in Bricl
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM
RESOURCES 450
Section I: Information Resource Management
Section II: Managing Information Services
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE 480
Section I: Controls for Information System Performance and Security
Section II: Computer Crime, Ethics, and Society
GLOSSARY FOR END USERS G-l
INDEX l-l
CONTENTS
MODULE I FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4
Section I: The Importance of Information Systems 6
Why Learn about Computers and Information Systems? 6
Real World Case: Back Bay Hardware 7
Information Systems in the Real World 7
Analyzing Back Bay Hardware 8
What You Should Know about Information Systems 8
Foundation Concepts 8
Technology 9
Applications 9
Development 9
Management 10
Section II: Fundamental Information System Concepts 11
Systems Concepts 11
Feedback and Control 11
Other System Characteristics 13
A Business as a System 13
Information Processing 15
Data versus Information 15
Information System Concepts 16
An Information System Model 16
Information System Activities 16
Information System Resources 19
Recognizing Information Systems 21
An Example of a Computer-Based Information System 22
Computers and Computer Systems 22
Real World Case: Nissan Motor Company 24
Contents
Section III: Computers Past, Present, and Future 25
Time Capsules 25
The Origin of Computing Machines 26
Computer Pioneers 28
The First Three Generations 30
The Present Fourth Generation 32
The Future Fifth Generation 34
Real World Case: Pier I Imports 35
CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT 42
Section I: Information Systems for Operations and Management 44
An Overview of Information Systems 44
The Expanding Roles of Information Systems 44
Operations and Management Classifications 46
Information Systems for Business Operations 47
Transaction Processing Systems 47
Process Control Systems 47
Office Automation Systems 48
Information Systems for Management Decision Making 48
Information Reporting Systems 50
Decision Support Systems 50
Executive Information Systems 57
Other Classifications of Information Systems 51
Expert Systems 52
End User Computing Systems 52
Business Function Information Systems 52
Integrated Information Systems 53
Real World Case: WearGuard, Incorporated 54
Section II: Information Systems for Strategic Advantage 55
Competitive Strategy Concepts 55
Strategic Roles for Information Systems 56
Improving Operational Efficiency 56
Promoting Organizational Efficiency 58
Building Strategic Information Resources 59
Information Systems and the Value Chain 60
A Managerial Perspective 61
Real World Case: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 62
( 'ontniK
MODULE 11 INFORMATION SVSTKMS TKC11 \OLOOY 71
CI1A1TKK 3 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER HARDWARE 72
Section I: Computer Systems: Micros, Minis, and Mainframes 74
The Computer System Concept 74
Types of Computer Systems 75
Speed of Computer Systems 76
Capacity of Computer Systems 78
Microcomputer Systems 78
A Microcomputer System 79
Microcomputer Applications 81
Minicomputer Systems 82
Applications 83
Mainframe Computer Systems 83
Applications 84
Supercomputer Systems 85
Real World Case: Pepperidge Farm 86
Section II: Computer Peripherals: Input, Output, and Storage 87
Trends in User Interface Methods 87
Computer Terminals 87
Pointing Devices 88
Video Output 89
Printed Output 90
Voice Input/Output 91
Other Input/Output Technologies 94
Optical Scanning 94
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 95
Micrographics 95
Trends in Storage Methods 98
Storage Media Trade-offs 98
Direct and Sequential Access 100
Semiconductor Storage 100
Semiconductor Secondary Storage 101
Magnetic Disk Storage 102
Types of Magnetic Disks 102
Magnetic Tape Storage 102
Optical Disk Storage 104
Real World Case: Charles Schwab Co. and Ohio State University 107
Contents
Section III: Computer Concepts: How Computers Work 108
The Central Processing Unit 109
The Control Unit 109
The Arithmetic-Logic Unit 109
Primary Storage 109
Other CPU Designs 110
How Computers Execute Instructions 111
Executing an Instruction 111
The Order of Execution 112
How Computers Represent Data 112
The Binary Number System 112
The Hexadecimal Number System 114
The ASCII and EBCDIC Codes 114
Bits, Bytes, and Words 116
Representing Data 117
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Incorporated 118
CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE 130
Section I: System Software: Computer System Management 132
Introduction to Software 132
Software Trends 133
System Software Overview 134
Operating Systems 134
Operating System Management Functions 135
Software for the User Interface 137
Software for Multitasking 137
Database Management Systems 138
Microcomputer DBMS Packages 138
Telecommunications Monitors 139
Microcomputer Communications Software 139
System Support Programs 140
Programming Languages 141
Machine Languages 141
Assembler Languages 141
High-Level Languages 142
Fourth-Generation Languages 143
Advantages and Disadvantages 145
Object-Oriented Languages 146
Language Translator Programs 147
Programming Tools 148
Real World Case: The Washington Post and Chicago Tribune 149
(Contents
Section II: Application Software: End User Applications 150
Application Software for End Users 150
General-Purpose Programs 150
Application-Specific Programs 150
Word Processing Packages 151
Electronic Spreadsheet Packages 151
What-if Analysis 153
Graphics Packages 153
Integrated Packages 153
Other End User Packages 155
Real World Case: Using Integrated Packages 156
CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 164
Section I: An Overview of Telecommunications 166
Introduction 166
A Telecommunications Network Model 166
Types of Telecommunications Networks 167
Applications of Telecommunications 168
Transaction Processing and Inquiry/Response 169
Distributed and Cooperative Processing 170
Office Automation and End User Computing 171
Personal Information Services 172
Telecommunications Carriers 173
Common Carriers 173
Value-Added Carriers 173
A Managerial Perspective 174
Trends in Telecommunications 174
The Value of Telecommunications 175
Real World Case: United Parcel Service 177
Section II: Technical Telecommunications Alternatives 178
Telecommunications Media 178
Twisted-Pair Wire 178
Coaxial Cable 178
Fiber Optics 179
Microwave Systems 180
Communications Satellites 180
Cellular Radio 181
Contents
Telecommunications Processors 181
Modems 181
Multiplexers, Concentrators, and Controllers 181
Front-End Processors 182
Private Branch Exchange 182
Telecommunications Software 183
Telecommunications Network Topologies 185
Star, Ring, and Bus Networks 185
Network Architectures and Protocols 186
Protocols 186
Network Architectures 188
Communications Channel Characteristics 188
Transmission Speed 188
Parallel or Serial Transmission 189
Transmission Mode 190
Transmission Direction 190
Switching Alternatives 190
Access Methods 191
Real World Case: Sanford C. Bernstein Company 192
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT 200
Section I: An Overview of Database Management 202
A Manager's View of File and Database Processing 202
Management Problems of File Processing 203
Data Duplication 203
Lack of Data Integration 203
Data Dependence 203
Other Problems 204
The Database Management Solution 204
Database Storage 204
Database Processing 204
Using Database Management Systems 206
Database Development 208
Database Interrogation and Reporting 208
Application Development 209
Database Maintenance 209
Types of Databases 209
Text Databases 212
Hypertext 212
A Managerial Perspective 213
Benefits and Limitations of Database Management 215
Database Administration 215
Data Administration 215
Data Planning 216
Real World Case: The Seattle Symphony and Herberger Theatre Center 217
Contents
Section II: Technical Foundations of Database Management 218
Logical Data Elements 218
Character 218
Field 219
Record 219
File 219
Database 219
Logical and Physical Data Elements 220
Database Structures 220
Hierarchical Structure 220
Network Structure 222
Relational Structure 222
Object-Oriented Structure 222
Evaluation of Database Structure 222
Database Development 223
Data Planning and Modeling 223
Database and File Organization 225
Sequential Organization 226
Direct Organization 226
Real World Case: Club Corporation International 227
MODULE III INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 237
CHAPTER 7 END USER AND OFFICE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 238
Section I: End User Computing 240
Introduction 240
Components of an End User Computing System 240
Resources for End User Computing 241
Hardware Resources: End User Workstations 241
Software Resources: End User Packages 242
People Resources: The Information Center 242
Data Resources: Multiple Databases 243
End User Computing Applications 243
Office Automation 243
Information Management and Retrieval Applications 245
Decision Support Applications 246
End User Applications Development 247
Contents
The Information Center 247
The Role of the Information Center 248
A Managerial Perspective 249
Real World Case: Hughes Aircraft Company 249
Section II: Office Automation 252
Introduction 252
Information System Activities 252
Word Processing 253
Desktop Publishing 254
Image Processing 256
Electronic Document Management 256
Interactive Video 257
Electronic Communications Systems 257
Electronic Mail 258
Voice Mail 258
Facsimile 258
Electronic Meeting Systems 259
Teleconferencing 259
Telecommuting 260
Office Support Systems 261
A Managerial Perspective 262
OA Benefits 262
OA Limitations 263
Real World Case: American Airlines 264
CHAPTER 8 TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND INFORMATION
REPORTING SYSTEMS 272
Section I: Transaction Processing Systems 274
Introduction 274
The Transaction Processing Cycle 275
The Data Entry Process 275
Traditional Data Entry 275
Source Data Automation 276
Electronic Data Interchange 276
Benefits of EDI 279
Batch Processing 279
Advantages and Disadvantages 281
(lontciits
Realtime Processing 281
Advantages and Disadvantages 283
Database Maintenance 283
Document and Report Generation 283
Inquiry Processing 285
Real World Case: Playtex, Sears, and DJ Distributing 286
Section II: Information Reporting Systems 287
Introduction 287
Attributes of Information Quality 287
Information Presentation Alternatives 287
Business Graphics 288
Information Reporting Systems 290
Information Reporting Alternatives 291
Real World Case: The Benetton Group 293
CHAPTER 9 DECISION SUPPORT AND EXPERT SYSTEMS 302
Section I: Managerial Decision Support 304
Information and Management 304
Information and the Functions of Management 304
Information and the Roles of Management 305
Information and the Levels of Management 306
Information and Decision Making 306
Information for the Intelligence Stage 307
Information for the Design Stage 308
Information for the Choice Stage 309
Real World Case: Chevron Corporation 310
Section II: Decision Support and Executive Information Systems 311
Introduction 311
Examples of DSS Applications 311
Components of a Decision Support System 312
DSS Software 313
DSS and Electronic Spreadsheets 314
GDSS Packages 316
Using Decision Support Systems 316
Analytical Modeling Alternatives 317
Executive Information Systems 319
Rationale for EIS 319
Components of an EIS 320
Real World Case: Frito-Lay, Inc. 322
Contents
Section III: Expert Systems 323
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence 323
The Domains of Artificial Intelligence 323
Knowledge-Based Information Systems 325
Components of an Expert System 326
Examples of Expert Systems 329
Expert System Applications 329
Developing Expert Systems 334
A Managerial Perspective 334
Real World Case: The Broadway 335
CHAPTER 10 BUSINESS FUNCTION INFORMATION SYSTEMS 346
Section I: Information Systems in Marketing, Manufacturing, and Human Resource
Management 348
Introduction 348
Marketing Information Systems 349
Sales Management 349
Product Management 349
Advertising and Promotion 349
Sales Forecasting 350
Market Research 351
Marketing Management 352
Manufacturing Information Systems 352
Computer Integrated Manufacturing 352
Process Control 355
Machine Control 355
Robotics 356
Computer-Aided Engineering 356
Human Resource Information Systems 358
Staffing 358
Training and Development 359
Compensation Analysis 359
Real World Case: Mrs. Fields, Part II 360
Section II: Information Systems in Accounting and Finance 361
Accounting Information Systems 361
Order Processing 361
Inventory Control 361
Accounts Receivable 362
Accounts Payable 362
Payroll 363
General Ledger 363
Financial Information Systems 364
Cash and Securities Management 364
Capital Budgeting 366
Financial Forecasting 366
Financial Planning 367
Real World Case: Barney's Stores, Inc. 368
MODULE IV INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT 379
CHAPTER 11 DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS 380
Section I: Information Systems Development 382
The Systems Approach 382
The Systems Development Cycle 382
Systems Investigation 383
Information Systems Planning 383
Feasibility Studies 384
Systems Analysis 386
Analysis of the Organizational Environment 386
Analysis of the Present System 386
System Requirements Analysis 386
Systems Design 387
User Interface, Data, and Process Design 387
Logical System Design 388
Physical System Design 388
System Design Standards 389
Systems Implementation and Maintenance 389
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering 390
Prototyping 391
The Prototyping Process 392
Real World Case: Sony Corporation of America 394
Section II: Using Systems Development Tools 395
Systems Development Tools 395
Overview of Systems Development Tools 395
A Case Study Example: ABC Auto Parts 397
The Retail Automation Issue 397
Planning and Investigation 398
The Present System 398
The Proposed System 399
Contents
Using Systems Development Tools at ABC Auto Parts 399
System Flowcharts 399
Data Flow Diagrams 400
Layout Forms and Screens 403
System Component Matrix 404
Using Computer-Aided Development Tools 405
Data Dictionaries and System Repositories 405
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering at ABC Auto Parts 408
The Prototyping Process 408
Developing Information Systems Solutions: Getting Started 409
A Framework for Systems Analysis and Design 409
Real World Case: Chevy Chase Bank 412
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS 420
Section I: Information Systems Planning 422
Introduction 422
The Role of Information Systems Planning 422
Strategic Information Systems Planning 423
Tactical and Operational Planning 424
Information Systems Planning Methodologies 425
Business Systems Planning 425
Critical Success Factors 426
Computer-Aided Planning Tools 428
Real World Case: AT T Corporation 429
Section II: Implementing Information Systems 430
Introduction 430
Acquisition of Hardware, Software, and Services 430
Hardware Suppliers 431
Software Suppliers 432
External Service Suppliers 432
End User Computing Suppliers 432
The Evaluation Process 433
Hardware Evaluation Factors 436
Software Evaluation Factors 436
Evaluation of Vendor Supports 437
System Testing 438
System Documentation 438
Conversion Methods 438
The Maintenance Function 441
Real World Case: Hospital of St. Raphael 440
Contents
CHAPTER 13 MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEM
RESOURCES 450
Section I: Information Resource Management 452
The Impact of Information Technology 452
Management and Information Technology 452
Centralization versus Decentralization 454
Information Resource Management 455
Five Dimensions of IRM 455
Information Systems Performance 458
Management Involvement 459
End User Involvement 460
Real World Case: U.S. Shoe Corporation 463
Section II: Managing Information Services 464
Organizing Information Services 464
Administration of Information Services 464
Systems Development Management 465
Operations Management 466
Technical Services 466
Data Administration 466
User Services 468
Telecommunications Management 468
Technology Management 469
Managing Information Services Personnel 470
Real World Case: H. P. Hood, Incorporated 471
CHAPTER 14 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
PERFORMANCE 480
Section I: Controls for Information System Performance and Security 482
Why Controls Are Needed 482
What Controls Are Needed 482
Information System Controls 482
Input Controls 483
Processing Controls 484
Output Controls 485
Storage Controls 486
Procedural Controls 487
Separation of Duties 487
Standard Procedures and Documentation 487
Authorization Requirements 487
Disaster Recovery 488
Contents
Physical Facility Controls 488
Physical Protection Controls 489
Biometric Controls 489
Telecommunications Controls 489
Computer Failure Controls 489
Controls for End User Computing 490
Auditing Information Systems 491
Real World Case: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 493
Section II: Computer Crime, Ethics, and Society 494
The Impact of Computers on Society 494
Social Applications 495
Impact on Employment and Productivity 495
Impact on Competition 495
Impact on Individuality 496
Impact on the Quality of Life 496
Impact on Privacy 497
Computer Crime 498
Computer Crime Laws 498
Examples of Computer Crime 499
Information Systems and Computer Crime 502
Computer Ethics 503
A Code of Ethics 503
Ethical Issues 503
Controls and Social Responsibility 505
Real World Case: Robert T. Morris Jr. 507
GLOSSARY FOR END USERS G-l
INDEX 1-1 |
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