Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Bucureşti]
Ed. Acad. Republicii Socialiste România
1970
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Flora, vegetation and productivity potential of the Vlădeasa massif Bibliogr. S. 315 - [318] |
| Beschreibung: | 317, [2] S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV023427205 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20181204 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 080731s1970 ad|| |||| 00||| rum d | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)7248652 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)GBV242825257 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a rum | |
| 049 | |a DE-20 |a DE-M38 |a DE-188 |a DE-12 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a QK335 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Resmeriţă, Ioan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |c I. Resmeriţă |
| 264 | 1 | |a [Bucureşti] |b Ed. Acad. Republicii Socialiste România |c 1970 | |
| 300 | |a 317, [2] S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Flora, vegetation and productivity potential of the Vlădeasa massif | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliogr. S. 315 - [318] | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant ecology |z Romania |z Vlădeasa Mountains | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Primary productivity (Biology) |z Romania |z Vlădeasa Mountains | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ökologie |0 (DE-588)4043207-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Vegetation |0 (DE-588)4187458-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzen |0 (DE-588)4045539-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Produktivität |0 (DE-588)4047364-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Rumänien | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania) | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Masivul Vlădeasa |0 (DE-588)1172735301 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Masivul Vlădeasa |0 (DE-588)1172735301 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Ökologie |0 (DE-588)4043207-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Pflanzen |0 (DE-588)4045539-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Vegetation |0 (DE-588)4187458-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Produktivität |0 (DE-588)4047364-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016609544 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 630.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 498 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137822653775872 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Cuprins
Pog.
PRíFA’f k............ -................................................... 7
Introduce re............................................................... 9
[t. Ccnditii naturaíe . .................................................. 11
Asezarea geográfica fi aspecte gecmorfologice......................... 11
Conditii cliir.atilce................................................. 11
Tipuri de sel ........................................................ 14
til. Cercetári privind brotegia solului........... ........................ 17
Acumularea de subslantá vegetalá ín sol si deasupra fui............... 18
Continutul ín substante chimice al masei vegetale moarte din solul
principaleGor asodatii . . .................................... 20
Aspecte privind conditiile de aerisire din sol.......................... 22
Aspecte privind reactia solului............................................. 23
Continutul ín humus al solului cítorva asociatü.................. . 24
Cercetári asupra Tnieroorganismalor din sol ............................... 26
Studü privind biología solurilor íncálzite artificial........................ 34
IV. Fiera de pe Masivul YUdeasa ............................................ 37
Er.umerarea plantelor ...................................................... 40
Ináici ecolcgici si furajeri la principalele specii din pajistííe de pe
Masivw! Vládeasa............................................................. 74
V. Vcgetatia de pe I4asivul Y ade2sa....................................... 81
Cl. /spler.ietea rupeitris Meier et Br. —BI.T934 . ............ . 81
Cl. Elyr.o—SesierfeUa 1948 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . 88
CL Mintió— Cordaminetea Br.-3I. et Tx 1943 ,92
Ci. Scheuchzerio — Cañceteo fuscGe (W. Koch 1926) Tx. 1935 .... 96
Cl. /scé;c — Nancjurceteo Br.-3I. et Tx. 1943 .............................. 100
Cl. P nrcgmiteiea Tx. et Preising 1942 ..................................... 100
Cl. Gxycccco — Sphcgneteo Br.-BI. et Tx. 1943 .............................. 104
Cl. Molinio — Ari hzrMtteretea Tx. 1937 .................................... 105
C!. Festuco—Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx . 1943............................ 153
Cl. Nardo—Callunetea Preising 1949 .............................. 157
CI. Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising 1960 ................... 170
CI. Betulo—Adenostyletea Br.-Bl. 1948 ..................................... 175
CI. Querco — Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937 .................... 183
CI. Vaccinio — Picetea Br.-Sl. 1939 .............................. 190
Citeva aspecte de sinecologie.............................................. 203
VI. Dinámica vegetatiei pe Masivul Vladeasa sub influenta factoriior
antropogenä si fitobiotici........................................... 213
Dinámica vegetatiei dupa inläturarea molidului............................ 215
Dinámica vegetatiei dupä inläturarea tufelor de Juniperus sibirica . . . 227
Dinámica vegetatiei dupä indepärtarea lui Pinus mugo prin andere . . . 230
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni cu solul incälzit artificial prin arderei
materialului lemnos ....................................................... 232
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni in care s-a destelenit .............. 236
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni in care s-a ameliorat * regimu!
nutritiv....................................................... 241
Dinámica vegetatiei sub influenta modului de exploatare ...... 249
Dinámica vegetatiei sub influenta factoriior fitobiotici.................. 252
VII. Experiente privind potentialul productiv al pajistilor................. 257
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Agrostetum tenuis montanum .... 253
Rezultate obtinute in asociatia Festucetum rubrae montanum................ 263
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Festuceto (rubrae) — Nardetum strictae
montanum....................................................... 268
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Nardetum strictae subaipinum .... 271
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Potentillo — Festucetum ovinae .... 279
Discutí i $i concluzii fundamentale privind potentialul productiv al pajisti-
lor luate in studiu......................................................... 281
Recomandäri pentru practicä.......................................... 283
Potentialul productiv al pajistilor pe altitudine.................... 284
Productia de iarbä pe altitudine $i influenza pantei si a expozitiei 284
VIII. Aspecte privind potentialul productiv al pädurilor......................... 295
IX. Cercetäri privind compozitia chimicä a masei vegetale la citeva fito-
cenoze si la únele specii de ierburi.................................. 299
Summary............................. ....................................... 307
Bibliografie.................. ............................................. 315
Flora, vegetation and productivity potential
of the Vladeasa massif
Summary
Chapter I. Introduction. Studies and researches on the
Vladeasa massif were carried out for 20 years consecutively, and a labora-
tory-house was also built for the same purpose (Fig. 3).
Chapter II. Natural conditions. The Vladeasa massif
was formed during a long geological evolution which began before the Pa-
leozoic and lasted up to the Quaternary; it is situated in the north-eas-
tern part of the Romanian Western Carpathians (Munfit Apuseni). The
eastern part which has been studied is of about 300 km2, with a varied
relief (500—1838 m altitudine); it presents a great lithological diversity as :
sandstone of the superior Cretaceous, dacite andesite, dacite grano-porphyry,
dacite andesite intorsions, rhyolite breccia, limestones with crystalline
aspect, crystalline schists, etc.
The relief, as well as the phytocoenotical variability, determined
various soil types. There have been found alluvial soils with associations as :
Alnetum incanae, Agrostetum albae, Festucetum pratensis, etc.; brown earth
mor-like mull, with primary associations of Fagetum carpaticum, Abieto —
Fagetum, after clearing with secondary associations of Festueeto — Agro-
stetum tenuis montanum, Trifolio — Festucetum rubrae, Lolietum perennis,
etc. Festucetum rubrae montanum^ Festueeto — Agrostetum tenuis montanum,
Lolietum perennis, etc. occupied the brown yellow earth. Brown crypto-
podsolie earth, with primary association of Picetum subalpinum, Piceto —
Juniperetum vacciniosum, after clearing populated by Festucetum rubrae
montanum, Festueeto — Nardetum strictae montanum, Nardeto — Vacci-
nietum, Vaccinietum myrtilli, etc. Podsol soils with duff mull, with the
following associations : Piceto — Fagetum carpaticum, Picetum montanum,
after clearing with Sambuceto — Calamagrostetum arundinaceae, Agro-
stetum tenuis biharicum, Festucetum rubrae montanum, Nardetum strictae
montanum, etc. Podsol soils with secondary lying fallow, with the following
associations : Agrostetum tenuis montanum, Festucetum rubrae montanum,
Festueeto — Nardetum strictae montanum, Festueeto — Alchemilletum vul-
garis, Trifolio — Festucetum rubrae, etc. Podsolic high mountain brown
earth, with the associations : Picetum subalpinum, Piceto — Juniperetum
vacciniosum, Nardeto — Vaccinietum, Vaccinietum myrtilli, etc. Humus sili-
cate soil (subalpine Ranker) with the associations : Nardetum subalpinum,
307
SUMMARY
Festucetum rubrae subalpinum, Potentillo — Festucetum ovinaet Cetrarieto —
Vaccinietum uliginosi, Nardo — Vaccinietum, etc. Cryptopodsolic subal-
pine brown earth, with Juniperetum nanae, Festucetum rubrae subalpinum,
Festucetum agrostetosum subalpinum, Nardetum strictae subalpinum, etc.
Dark brown acid cryptopodsolic soils, with raw humus acid duff mull,
with the following associations : Pinetum mughi, Juniperetum nanae.
Chapter III. Studies on soil biology. The researches
included in this chapter lead to the following conclusions :
— as the phytocoenoses are in more advanced stages towards dis-
climax or climax, the amount of organic matter deposited in, or on, the
soil is higher and higher ;
— parallel to the evolution of the phytocoenose succession a slower
decomposition of the dead organic matter could be observed ;
— according to the various succession stages, there is a decrease in
the nitrogen content of the dead organic matter in the phytocoenoses and
an increase of cellulose content ;
— the soil aeration decreases parallel to the age of association and
to the evolution of the phytocoenoses ; the intensity of pedobiological pro-
cesses decreases implicitly ;
— in similar pH condition various associations are developing, de-
pending on the soil nutrition regime and on its constancy ;
— during the nine years of consecutive application of the various
mineral fertilizers, significant pH modifications were induced in none of
the studied associations ;
— each association has a specific humus content increasing accord-
ing to the succession phase towards disclimax or climax ;
— the number of the soil bacteria and surface biomass show parallel
curves, with some unavoidable deviations (Figs 6 and 7) ;
— the amelioration of the trophic regime induces a more intense
relationship between the higher green plants and the soil microorganisms
which also increase the biomass ;
— with artieifial soil heating, by burning the woody material (100 —
150°C) soluble phosphate increases and maintains its high values up to
8—10 years, nitrogen 4 — 6 years ; the number of bacteria increases very
much, as a result of a favourable modification of the soil physico-chemical
conditions ;
— there is a succession of several associations and subassociations
on the same soil type, according to the edaphobiologic conditions required
by the various coenotaxa.
Chapter IV. Studies on Flora. These studies and researches
had a successive and in some biotopes also a stationary character, similar
to vegetation.
The phanerogams of the Yladeasa massif belong to 83 families,
and 367 genera being 1010 species, 23 subspecies, 53 varieties and 22 forms.
The following new taxa are described : Potentilla argentes var. trifoliolobata,
Gentiana austriaca var. simplex, G. praeeox var. depauperata f. filipii
308
SUMMARY
and Pedicularis limnogena f. alba. 99 species are rare or very rare in the
Romanian Western Carpathians and 33 are new records for the same mount-
ains : Sequoia giganteia (planted), Bianthus tenuifolius, Heliospermum
quatrifidium, Silene armeria var. lituanica, Batrachium trichophyllum, Fu-
maria rostellata, Alyssum desertorum, Trifolium bertrandi, Heracleum pal-
malum, Hesperis moniliformis, Tozzia alpina, Qentiana austriaca, G. wn-
culosa, Asperulla tenella, A. capitata, Galius flaveseens, Leontodon danu-
bialis, Narcisus poeticus, Allium vistorialis, Carex repens, C. bigelovi, C.
rupestris are some of these. The Euro-Asiatic elements prevail — 33.50%;
the Mediterranean elements present a great phytogeographical importance
— 4.38%; Continental —3.23%, Balkanic-Illyric — 2.47%; Pontic-
Mediterranean — 1.59 % ; Dacian-Balkanic — 1.28% ; and endemic —
1.92%. The thermophilic Mediterranean Carpathian-Balkanic and Alpine-
Central European elements have a special significance. Among these relicts
should be mentioned Syringa josikaea, Hedrajanthus kitaibellii and Pedi-
cularis limnogena, survivors of the glacial period.
Ecological and fodder indexes are given for 220 grassland species,
namely : humidity with 7 degrees, temperature with 6 degrees, soil reaction
with 6 degrees and fodder value with 8 degrees (Table 11).
Chapter 7. Vegetation study. Associations and sub-associa-
tions are described based on the synthetical table of ten records for the
coenotaxa already described, or 51 records for those which are newly de-
scribed. Fifty-five associations are recorded based on tables of characteris-
tic species, while 25 associations of limited spreading are mentioned simply
as existent. The characteristic-indicator species were taken into considera-
tion in defining the association, special attention being paid to those with
high constancy. The associations were established on phytocoenoses having
the same physionomic, floristic and ecological patterns, as well as with
the same dynamics showing similar reactions when anthropic factors
involved.
There have been identified 14 classes, 20 orders, 28 alliances, 4 sub-
alliances, 76 associations, 7 sub-associations and several facies in the stu-
died area. The following have not yet been described : Calthetum lactae
Krajina 1933 biharicum ass., reg., Nardo — V accinietum, Piceto — Juni-
peretum vacciniosum, Holcetum lanati Issler 1936, biharicum ass. reg., Sam-
buco — Calamagrostetum arundinaceae, Fesiuceto (rubrae) — Callunetun vul-
garis■, Festucetum (rubrae) — agrostidetcsum subalpinum, Fpilcbietum luzu-
letosum, Calamagrostetum —agrcsteicsum, Festuceium — (rubrae) — cytiseto-
sumnigricantis.
Chapter VI. Dynamics of vegetation influenced by an-
thropic and phyto-biotic factors. The evolution of vegetation was followed
during 34 years in sites where the spruce-fir (Picea excelsa) was removed,
which allowed to establish syndynamic and synecological statements :
— characteristic species of Picea abies clearings occur oniy in sites
without pasture;
— there is an increase in species number in the first 7 — 10 years,
followed by a decrease, ending in phytocoenoses of Nardus.
309
SUMMARY
— there is an inverse ratio between the mineral content of the soil
and the number of species of the vegetation;
— due to the pasture and animal excrements, the Agrostis tenuis stage
is about 10 — 20 years, that of Festuca rubra 20 — 50 years;
— dicotyledons dominate the first stages, followed afterwards by
the massive occurrence of monocotyledons, the dynamic equilibrium being
settled when the land is equally occupied by both groups;
— the succession of these stages is avoided by oversowings ;
Vegetation dynamics was followed during 19 years where Juniperus
sibirica was cleared, the following important conclusions being revealed
(Fig. 16) :
— in the first stage, various dicotyledons dominate while in the
second one monocotyledon, with Festuca rubra and Agrostis tenuis prevailing.
— when fertilizers are added, Festuca rubra and Agrostis tenuis
(aftre 5 — 10 years) mostly replaced by Nardus stricta associated with
species Vactinium)
— Vactinium and the moss species occurring under Juniperus
sibirica are significantly thinned out, with complete light conditions or
by the passing of animals;
— the curve of the species number in the succession is very similar
to that shown by cleared Ficea abies stands.
The stands with artificially heated soil exhibit three vegeta-
tional stages : the first with predominance of dicotyledons (Campanula
abietina, Viola declinata, etc.); the second with monotyledons, mostly Poa
annua; the third stage is in dynamic equilibrium with both groups (Fig.
17). The above-mentioned stages may be eliminated by sowing Festuca
rubra, Agrostis tenuis, Trifolium repens, T. hybridum, etc. The sowed spe-
cies are maintained for 20 years in the phytocoenoses which are converted
then into the zonal vegetation type.
The following conclusions were drawn, based on biotopes broken
ground, fertilized and sown with adequate species (Figs 18 and 19) :
— the edapho-biological equilibrium is deeply modified by a mere
breaking ground and it is markedly reflected on the structure of the
renewed vegetation;
— sowing and fertilizing induce a compact vegetable covering from
its first year, the sown species being dominant;
—sooner or later the vegetation composition converges towards the
zonal type of herbaceous and afterwards woody vegetation.
Studies on the vegetation dynamics of the biotopes with ameliorated
trophical regime pointed out the following :
— as regards fodder, important phytocoenotical modifications take
place in all herbaceous associations ;
— concerning the phytocenoses of Nardus the competition takes
place initially between Nardus stricta and Festuca rubra; meanwhile the
second species, considered as the winner in the first part of this competi-
tion, looses it in the second part for the benefit of Agrostis tenuis;
310
SUMMARY
— the phenomenon is reversible, if the fertilization is not regularly
repeated ;
— if calcium is applied in corresponding doses, its effect on Nardus
will be visible after 3 — 5 years, the multiplication of Festuca rubra being
evident ;
— the masses and some phanerogams (Potentilla aurea, Campanula
abietina, etc.) cannot tolerate the amelioration and diminish to their com-
plete disapearance.
The vegetation dynamics affected by its utilization manner, followed
during 8 years on end, revealed the following phytocoenotical aspects :
— when the grassland is in its younger stage — as regards its dyna-
mics in time — there could be observed more evident differentiations in
the vegetation structure, by its utilization as meadow on the one hand, or
pasture on the other ;
— the time necessary to notify quantitative and qualitative changes
in the vegetation is determined by the grassland type and by its age ;
— on one and the same grassland, the grazing induces more stressed
and earlier modifications than those induced by mowing ;
— fertilization intensifies the positive effect of the utilization of
grasslands as meadows — in comparison with the pasture in the sense that
Nardus stricta and other light-loving species decrease in a shorter time ;
— in order to maintain a phytocoenotical equilibrium as productive
as possible, an alternative utilization of meadows and grazing lands is
suggested.
The experiments performed in order to reveal the modifications of the
phytomedium under anthropic influence suggested the following conclusions :
— any intervention in the soil trophic processes will implicitly modify
the metabiotical processes as in the case of Hieracium piosella, where the
effect of toxins was annihilated ;
— the synergism created the conditions of a mutual support, reflect-
ed in positive biochemical modifications of Trifolium pratense and Festuca
pratensis, Cucumis sativum and Trifolium arvense ;
— the composition, structure and the age of phytocoenoses determine
certain differentiations within the thermic regime, soil carbon dioxide, in
humus, in the number of offshoots on m2, in the biomass of the phyto-
coenoses, etc. ;
— when the secondary vegetation is nearer to disclimax the ecological
conditions are less favourable to the installing of the climax vegetation ;
— the thickening of. the grass layer reduces soil and air exchanges,
thus also inducing the diminution of edapho-biological processes, reflected
in the biomass decrease.
Chapter VII. Experiments on the productivity po-
tential of grasslands.
Experiments were carried out at 500 — 1823 m altitude, in 19 stands,
with 152 variants.
311
SUMMARY
From these data, the basic important conclusions are summarized as
follows :
— the biomass is mostly affected by the interrelation complex of
biotic and abiotic factors, and as such its curves are not parallel to those of
the climatic factors;
— the modification of an ecological factor, as the soil aeration, or
its nitrogen content, etc., induces changes in the physical, chemical and
biological conditions of the soil, which directly affect the amount and
quality of the biomass;
— modifications in the biological equilibrium of a given biotope, pro-
duced by anthropic causes, are reflected in the composition and structure
of the vegetation, the whole having a reversible character, whence the neces-
sity of our repeated intervention;
— the same cause will not always induce the same effect, because
various factors are interfering at random; as such the productivity
cannot be entirely predictable, when man is interfered;
— some biotopes — after 9 years of consecutive treatment with fer-
tilizers — presented a decreasing curve (especially in the second and the
third year) (Figs 20, 23 and 24);
— one cannot expect a rule between the biomass and based on the
trophic status as well as climatic conditions only;
— the biomass is mostly affected by the trophic states and the com-
position of the grassland;
— as the graminaceae are more massively prevailing and the plants
number on a surface unit is grater, a higher productivity can be expected
by the montane or subalpine grasslands fertilizing;
— the application of fertilizers at irregular time intervals and in va-
riable doses may be efficient;
— pedobiological processes induced by the first treatments will be
latently kept for some years, especially the organic fertilizers or the repeat-
ed moderate doses of nitrogen-phosphorus which will produce an increased
biomass;
— Nardus strieta will be entirely controlled by the simultaneous soil
aeration with its breaking ground;
— evidence is made of a superposition of the negative effects of
the exposure and slope with the altitude negative effects, in productivity
limitation and in fertilizers efficiency;
— the northern exposure induces a biomass depression, parallel to
the growth of slopes (Fig. 29);
— as the altitude and the slope are increasing, biomass differentia-
tions betwnee the southern and northern exposures are more evident
(Fig. 29);
— there is no strict parallelism between the biomass and altitude,
which will be more strikingly made evident over 1200 m;
— soil productivity decreases on altitudes, determined by the slope
and the exposure, but inversions may also be observed (Fig. 30);
312
SUMMARY
Chapter VIII. Aspects concerning forest produc-
tivity potential. Fagetum carpaticum registers at 600 m altitude
— 6.16 mc/ha/annual, and 4.60 mc/ha/ann. at 1000 — 1200; Picetum
montanum recorded 8.01 mc/ha/ann. at 1130— 1320 m; Picetum subalpi-
num 2.00 mc/ha/ann at 1380 — 1600 m altitude.
Chapter IX. Researches on the chemical com-
position of the vegetable mass of some phyto-
coenoses and of more species. The conclusions of these
researches are summarized as follows;
— animals consume the grass of fertilized variants in the following
order of preference : organic-manure-fertilized variant, jSTP variant and
N variant;
— the greatest protein amount on a surface unit will be obtained by
NP and K treatments ; this is another reason for recommending their prac-
tical use;
— exclusive nitrogen treatment stimulates indirectly the solubiliza-
tion of the soil mineral elements, necessary to plant nutrition, as it results
from biochemical analyses;
— KK treatment most intensely stimulates (on the Vladeasa massif)
protein synthetizing, as compared to other variants;
— consequently to the stimulation of the phytosynthetical process —
more intense than mineral element absorption — the ash content of some
treated variants is smaller than in the untreated controls.
— calcium has a positive contribution in the pedobiologic processes,
as reflected in the increased content of plants mineral elements;
— the phytocoenoses development environment induces various
directions in the species metabolism of each phytocoenosis in part.
At hay harvesting, among others, phenological stages determine a
very varied chemical content of the species.
313
Bibliografie
Aichinger E,. Vegetationskunde der Karawanger, Jena, 1933.
Anghel Gh. çi colab., Influença unor mäsuri de suprafatä asupra produc(iei päsunilor de
Festuca rubra falax de la Dealul Sasului, Probl. agricole, 1963, nr. 11.
Barbulescu C. §i colab., TJnele aspecte eu privire la imbunätafirea paçunilor de N ardus stricta
din (ara noastrà, Rev. zooteh. çi med. vet., 1964, nr. 7.
Beldie Al., Flora §i vegetatia Munfilor Bucegi, Edit. Academiei, Bucuresti, 1966.
Blagovescenschi A., Bazele biochimice ale procesului de evolutie la plante, Edit, agrosilvicä,
Bucureçti, 1953.
Bodea C., Cercetarea relafiei ce exisià între reacfia solului si capacitatea de descompunere a
celulozei, Bui. Fac. agr. Cluj, vol. XI, 1943.
Bomier J., The role of toxic substances in the interact on of higher plants, Bot. Rev., 1950,
t. 16, nr. 1.
Borza Al., DieVegetation und Flora Rumäniens, Guide de la sixième Excursion Phytogéogr.,
Intern. Roumanie, Cluj, 1931.
— Studii fitosociologice in MunfU Retezat, Bui. Grad. bot. Cluj, 1934, nr. 11.
— Conspectus Florae Romaniae regionumque affinum, Cluj, 1947—1949, vol. I—II.
— Vegetatia §i flora Väii Sebeçului, Edit. Acad, R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1959.
Borza Al., Boscaiu B., Introducere in studiul couorului vegetal, Edit. Academiei, Bucureçti,
1965.
Braun-Blanquet J., Pflanzensoziologie, a 2-a edi^ie, Viena, 1951.
Buia Al., Les associations à Nardus stricta L. de la R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Rev. de
biol., 1963, t. VII, nr. 2.
Buia Al., çi colab., Studiul geobotanic al paji$tilor din Masivul Paring, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucu-
resti, 1962.
— Pâsunile din Munfii Paring, Lucr. çtiint., Craiova 1968.
Bujoreanu Gh., Contribuai la cunoaçterea întovâraçirilor si succesiunea p’antelor, Bui. Grad,
bot., Cluj, 1930, vol. X, nr. 1—4.
Burduja C. §i colab., Contribuai la cunoaçterea pajiçtilor naturale din Moldova sub raport
geobotanic $i agroproductiv, St. §i cere, çt., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Iasi, 1956,
vol. VII.
Calancea L., Raspindirea azolob acier ului in solurile cartografiate din bazinul hidrografic valea
Feiurdului, St. çi cere, çt., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Cluj, 1954, an. X, nr. 3 — 5.
Calancea L., Resmeritä L, Raportul bacteriilor saprofife sporulante si nesporulante pe trei
tipuri de pajiçti in funefie de lucrarile agrotehnice aplicate, Lucr. stiin^ifice ale
Centrului experimental eu îngraçâminte bacteriene, Bucureçti, 1959 — 1960.
Clements F. E., Plant succession and indicators, New York, 1928.
Csurös§t., Studii floristice $i de vegetatie in Munfii Cälimani, St. çi cere. $t., Academia R.P.R.,
Filiala Cluj, 1951, an. II, nr. 1—2.
CsüRös Çt., Resmeri^a I., Studii asupra pajiçtilor de Festuca rubra din Transilvania, Contri-
buai botanice, 1960.
CsüRös Çt., Cercetàri geobotanice pe Muntele Pietrele Albe (Masivul Vlâdeasa), St. çi cere,
biol., Séria biol. veget., Academia R.P.R., 1963, vol. XV, nr. 1.
Dadînchin V. P., Temperatura solului, unul din factorii care determinà eficacitatea îngiàçà-
mintelor, Anal, rom.-sov., Séria agronomie-zootehnice, 1952, nr. 11.
315
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Domes N., Die Klimatisch bedingte Abnahme des ertrages von Wald und Weiden im Gerbige,
Viena —Leipzig, 1936.
Ellemberg H., Landwirtschaflichung Pflanzensoziologie, Stuttgart, 1950.
Fedorov V. M Microbiologia solului, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucureçti, 1956.
Ghiça E., Kovacs A., Cercetäri fitosociologice in Munfii Zarandului, Lucr. Grad, bot., Bucu-
reçti, 1961.
Ghisa E. çi colab., Cercetäri floristice $i fitocenotice in Munfii Apuseni la Piatra Cefii, Contri-
buai botanice, Cluj, 1955.
Gräneanu A. çi colab., Cercetäri geobotanice de la Slafionarul Raräu, Contribuai botanice,
a V-a Consfätuire geobotanicä, 1967.
Hegi G., Flora von Mittel Europa, München (1909), 1965.
Hulpoi N. çi colab., Aspecte microbiologice din cultura irigaiä ?i neirigatä a porumbului dubia
hibrid $i a grîului de toamnà pe cernoziom negru dégradai de la Fundulea, Lucr.
çt. C.E.I.B., Bucureçti, 1961, vol. VII.
Iarosenko D. P., Geobotanica, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucureçti, 1962.
Issler E., Vegetationskunde der Vosges, Jena, 1942.
Ionjsscu-Siçesti Gh., Staicu Ir., Agrotehnica, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucureçti, 1958, vol. I si II.
Klapp E., Wiesen und Weiden, Berlin, 1954.
Kornas J., Montane hay-meadow Gladiolo-Agrostetum in the Polish western Carpathians, Contri-
buai botanice, Cluj, 1967.
Lapuçan A. çi colab., ïnfluenta unor ingràçâminle minerale çi organice çi amendamente asupra
productiei pajiçtilor naturale din regiunea Cluj, Lucr. Inst, agr., Cluj, 1964.
Leandru V., Contribufii la cunoaçterea schimbarilor din pâtura vie dupä taierea rasa a moli-
dului, Com. Acad. R.P.R., 1963, t. XII, nr. 5.
Misustin E. N. çi colab., Microorganism i samoociscensie, Pociv. Izd. Acad. U.R.S.S., Moscova,
1954.
Meusel H., Die Bedeutung der Wuchs form für die Entwicklung des natürlichen Systems der Pflan-
zen, Fedes Repertorium, 1951, nr. 54.
Moraru I., Vegetatia Muntelui Tibles, Bue. Soc. rom. geogr., Biicureçti, 1942.
Nemes M. çi colab., Pollen Analysis in the subalpine soils on Vlädeasa Mouiain, §tiin(a solului,
1968, vol. 6, nr. 2-3.
Niedermaier K., Experienfe de îngrâçarea pajiçtilor demunte, Anal. I.C.A.R., 1958, vol. XXVI.
— Eficienta aplicärii ingraçûmintelor pe pajiçtile situate la altitudini diferite, Anal.
I.C.C.A., Fundulea, Séria B, 1962, vol. XXX.
Nyârâdy A., Contribufii la clasificarea unor asociafii aie ordinului Seslerietalia coerulaea,
Br. - Bl. 1926 din Romdnia, Contributii geobotanice, Cluj, 1967.
Oberdörfer E., ,,PflanzensoziologischeExcursion flora, Stuttgart, 1962.
— Süddeusche Pflanzengesellschaften ,,Pflanzensoziologie, , Jena, 1957.
Obrejanu Gr. çi colab., Cercetäri privind ridicarea producfiei pajistilor din Munfii Apuseni,
St. çi cere, agr., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Cluj, 1957, an. VIII, nr. 1 — 2.
Paçcovschi S,. Succesiunea speciilor forestiere, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucuresti, 1967.
Pass arge H., Pflanzenge sellchaften des nordostdeutschen Flachlandes 1, Jena, 1964.
Paucä A., Studii fitosociologice in Munfii Codrul çi Muma, St. çi cere. Acad. Rom., 1941,
nr. 51.
Patega-Brumaru çi colab., Observaiii privind îmbunàtâfirea pajistilor artificial de pe terenurile
curäfate de Pinus montana prin granularea organicä a tngräsämintelor, Probl. zoot.
çi med. vet., 1957, nr. 9.
Pawlovski B., Fragmenta floristica materiialg florystyczne i geobotaniccne, Inst. Bot. Acad.
Sei. Polanas, 1960, vol. VI.
Pop E., Contribufii la istoria pädurilor din nordul Transilvaniei, Bul. Gräd. bot. Cluj, 1942,
vol. XXII, nr. 1 — 4.
— Mlastinile de turbä din R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1959.
Pop E. çi colab., Testarea eficienfei captärilor säptäminale in aeropalinologie, St. çi cerc. biol.,
Séria bot., 1965, t. 15, nr. 2.
Pop I. çi colab., Aspecte floristice çi de vegetafie de la Cetatea Ràdesei çi Cheile Someçului
Cald, Contributii botanice, Cluj, 1962.
316
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Prodan L, Flora pentfii determinarea descrierea plantelor ce cresc in Romänia, 1939, nr.l.
Pu sc AR u D. §i colab., Päsunile alpine din Munfii Bucegi, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti,
1956.
Puscaru E. §i colab., Päsunile si finefeie din R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1963.
Rajiu O., Contribuya la cunoasterea vegetafiei de la Stina de Vale, Comunican botanice, Cluj,
1965.
Ravärut M. $i colab., Contribuía la studiul pajistilor naturale din bazinul Putnei si §u?itei,
Lucr. Inst, agr., Iasi, 1958.
Raclaru P., Vegetafia pajistilor din masioul Raräu, A V-a Consfätuire de geobotánica, Comu-
nican botanice, 1967.
Resmerita L, Studii de vegetatie §i agrotehnice asupra finefelor Arrhenathereto — Fes tucetum
sulcatae din valea Somesului si Nades, St. §i cerc. agr., Acad. R.P.R., Filíala Cluj,
1958, an. IX, nr. 1-2.
— Instalarea si succesiunea uegetatiei in täieturile de molid de pe masiuul Vlädeasa,
Natura, 1958, nr. 5.
— Principalele asociafii de pajisti din Maramures si aprecieri asupra valorii lor
furajere, Probl. zoot. si med. vet., 1959, nr. 9.
— Rezultate fitocenotice si agroproductive obfinute la Cantonul pastoral Vlädeasa,
Rev. zoot. §i med. vet., 1966, nr. 12.
— Neue oder seltene Pflanzen der Westkarpaten in der Vegetation des Vlädeasa-Masius,
Rev. Roum. de/ Biol., Seria botanicä, 1965, t. IX, nr. 3.
— Flora Masivuaui Vlädeasa, St. $i cerc. biol., Seria bot., 1966, vol. I.
— Evolutia vegejs fiel ierboase pe pajistile naturale sub influenfa ameliorärii regimului
nutritiv din °l, Com. bot., 1963, vol. II.
Resmerija I. §i colab., Contribuía la studiul biologiei si inierbärii terenurilor incälzite prin
arderea materialului lemnos provenit de la defri§area ienuperului si a molidului,
St. ?i cerc. agr., Acad. R.P.R., Filíala Cluj, 1956, an. VII, nr. 1 — 4.
— Cerceläri privind influenfa ingrä$ämintelor minerale asupra gramineelor perene,
Probl. agr., 1954, nr. 4.
— Agrotehnica pajistilor degrádate, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1956.
— Cercetäri siafionare privind vegetatia ierboasä de pe masivul Vlädeasa-Micäu,
St. $i cerc. biol., 1963, t. XV, nr. 1.
— Contribuía la studiul biologic fitocenologic $i agroiehnic al nardetelor din Tran-
silvania, Com. bot., 1963, partea a II-a, vol. II.
— Aspeóte ale dinamicii uegetatiei din República Socialistä Romänia, Com. bot.,
a V-a consfätuire de geobotánica, 1967.
— Cartarea geobotánica si agrotehnicä a corpului de pä$une Cionca (raion Huedin),
Contribuid botanice, Cluj, 1966.
— Vegetafia, ecología $i potentialul productiv pe versantii din Podisul Transilvaniei,
Edit. Academiei, Bucuresti, 1968.
Safta I., Cercetäri geobotanice asupra pä?unilor din Transilvania, Bul. Fac. agr. Cluj — Timi-
soara, 1943, vol. X.
— Experiente cu ingrä$äminte artificíale la finetele din Turda ?i Cimpia Turzii in
anul 1933, Agricultura nouä, 2, 1934.
Safta 1. si Obrejanu Gr,. Influenfa ingräsämintelor chimice si organice asupra producfiei de
fin din regiunea Munfilor Apuseni, Bul. Fac. agr., Cluj, 1942.
Safta I. colab., Procedeul Rinca pentru combaterea lui Nardus stricta si pentru ridicarea
producfiei pä§unilor de mante, Probl. actúale de biol., Academia R.P.R., 1960.
Safta I. §i colab., Experienfe pentru imbunätäfirea pajistilor ,,Pajistile din Masivul Paring si
imbanätäfirea /or”, Edit. agrosilvicä, Bucuresti, 1962.
Samoila Z., Eficienta ingräsämintelor minerale si organice aplícate pe päsunile din Masivul
Retezat, Probl. zoot. med. vet., 1956, nr. 3.
Salageanu N. si colab., Ferlilitatea solurilor ln funcfie de tratamentul termic prealabil, Lucr.
Ses. stiinL Acad. R.P.R., 1953.
Schneiter F., Versuche mir Bürstling Futterbau und Grasfutterbereitung, 1943, vol. 5.
Schröter F., Das Pflanzenleben der Alpen, Zürich, 1926.
Serbänescu I., Cercetäri asupra vegetafiei din depresiunea Bäii Mari, Com. geol., 1959, vol.
XLII.
317
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Soó R., A magyar flora és vegetado rendszertaninövenyföldrajzi, Budapesta, 1964, vol. I.
Scamoni A., Einführung in der praktischen Vegetationskunde, Jena, 1963.
Stugren B., Ecología generalá, Edit. çtiinjificâ, Bucure^ti, 1965.
Sukacev V., Dendrología sosnovomi lesnoi gheobotaniki, Leningrad, 1938.
Trudneva G., BÎlînghina A., Vlianik objoga na izmenic svoistvo pocivî, Pociovovedenie,
1951, vol. 4.
Voisin A., Productivité de Vherbe, Paris, 1957.
Worth B., Pàçunile tngrijirea lor, Agricultura veterinarä, 1946, vol. 1.
Zürn F., Leistungsgrenzen auf hochalpinen Grünland die Bodenkultur, Viena, 1962.
* * * Bulletin de la Fédération Française de VEconomie Montagnarde, 1962 —1963, vol. 13.
* * * Flora Europaea, 1964, vol. 1.
* * * Flora Bepublicii Socialiste România, 1952—1966, vol. I—XI.
|
| adam_txt |
Cuprins
Pog.
PRíFA’f k. -. 7
Introduce re. 9
[t. Ccnditii naturaíe . . 11
Asezarea geográfica fi aspecte gecmorfologice. 11
Conditii cliir.atilce. 11
Tipuri de sel . 14
til. Cercetári privind brotegia solului. . 17
Acumularea de subslantá vegetalá ín sol si deasupra fui. 18
Continutul ín substante chimice al masei vegetale moarte din solul
principaleGor asodatii . . . 20
Aspecte privind conditiile de aerisire din sol. 22
Aspecte privind reactia solului. 23
Continutul ín humus al solului cítorva asociatü. . 24
Cercetári asupra Tnieroorganismalor din sol . 26
Studü privind biología solurilor íncálzite artificial. 34
IV. Fiera de pe Masivul YUdeasa . 37
Er.umerarea plantelor . 40
Ináici ecolcgici si furajeri la principalele specii din pajistííe de pe
Masivw! Vládeasa. 74
V. Vcgetatia de pe I4asivul Y ade2sa. 81
Cl. /spler.ietea rupeitris Meier et Br. —BI.T934 . . . 81
Cl. Elyr.o—SesierfeUa 1948 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . 88
CL Mintió— Cordaminetea Br.-3I. et Tx 1943 ,92
Ci. Scheuchzerio — Cañceteo fuscGe (W. Koch 1926) Tx. 1935 . 96
Cl. /scé;c — Nancjurceteo Br.-3I. et Tx. 1943 . 100
Cl. P'nrcgmiteiea Tx. et Preising 1942 . 100
Cl. Gxycccco — Sphcgneteo Br.-BI. et Tx. 1943 . 104
Cl. Molinio — Ari hzrMtteretea Tx. 1937 . 105
C!. Festuco—Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx . 1943. 153
Cl. Nardo—Callunetea Preising 1949 . 157
CI. Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising 1960 . 170
CI. Betulo—Adenostyletea Br.-Bl. 1948 . 175
CI. Querco — Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937 . 183
CI. Vaccinio — Picetea Br.-Sl. 1939 . 190
Citeva aspecte de sinecologie. 203
VI. Dinámica vegetatiei pe Masivul Vladeasa sub influenta factoriior
antropogenä si fitobiotici. 213
Dinámica vegetatiei dupa inläturarea molidului. 215
Dinámica vegetatiei dupä inläturarea tufelor de Juniperus sibirica . . . 227
Dinámica vegetatiei dupä indepärtarea lui Pinus mugo prin andere . . . 230
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni cu solul incälzit artificial prin arderei
materialului lemnos . 232
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni in care s-a destelenit . 236
Dinámica vegetatiei in statiuni in care s-a ameliorat * regimu!
nutritiv. 241
Dinámica vegetatiei sub influenta modului de exploatare . 249
Dinámica vegetatiei sub influenta factoriior fitobiotici. 252
VII. Experiente privind potentialul productiv al pajistilor. 257
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Agrostetum tenuis montanum . 253
Rezultate obtinute in asociatia Festucetum rubrae montanum. 263
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Festuceto (rubrae) — Nardetum strictae
montanum. 268
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Nardetum strictae subaipinum . 271
Rezuitate obtinute in asociatia Potentillo — Festucetum ovinae . 279
Discutí i $i concluzii fundamentale privind potentialul productiv al pajisti-
lor luate in studiu. 281
Recomandäri pentru practicä. 283
Potentialul productiv al pajistilor pe altitudine. 284
Productia de iarbä pe altitudine $i influenza pantei si a expozitiei 284
VIII. Aspecte privind potentialul productiv al pädurilor. 295
IX. Cercetäri privind compozitia chimicä a masei vegetale la citeva fito-
cenoze si la únele specii de ierburi. 299
Summary. . 307
Bibliografie. . 315
Flora, vegetation and productivity potential
of the Vladeasa massif
Summary
Chapter I. Introduction. Studies and researches on the
Vladeasa massif were carried out for 20 years consecutively, and a labora-
tory-house was also built for the same purpose (Fig. 3).
Chapter II. Natural conditions. The Vladeasa massif
was formed during a long geological evolution which began before the Pa-
leozoic and lasted up to the Quaternary; it is situated in the north-eas-
tern part of the Romanian Western Carpathians (Munfit Apuseni). The
eastern part which has been studied is of about 300 km2, with a varied
relief (500—1838 m altitudine); it presents a great lithological diversity as :
sandstone of the superior Cretaceous, dacite andesite, dacite grano-porphyry,
dacite andesite intorsions, rhyolite breccia, limestones with crystalline
aspect, crystalline schists, etc.
The relief, as well as the phytocoenotical variability, determined
various soil types. There have been found alluvial soils with associations as :
Alnetum incanae, Agrostetum albae, Festucetum pratensis, etc.; brown earth
mor-like mull, with primary associations of Fagetum carpaticum, Abieto —
Fagetum, after clearing with secondary associations of Festueeto — Agro-
stetum tenuis montanum, Trifolio — Festucetum rubrae, Lolietum perennis,
etc. Festucetum rubrae montanum^ Festueeto — Agrostetum tenuis montanum,
Lolietum perennis, etc. occupied the brown yellow earth. Brown crypto-
podsolie earth, with primary association of Picetum subalpinum, Piceto —
Juniperetum vacciniosum, after clearing populated by Festucetum rubrae
montanum, Festueeto — Nardetum strictae montanum, Nardeto — Vacci-
nietum, Vaccinietum myrtilli, etc. Podsol soils with duff mull, with the
following associations : Piceto — Fagetum carpaticum, Picetum montanum,
after clearing with Sambuceto — Calamagrostetum arundinaceae, Agro-
stetum tenuis biharicum, Festucetum rubrae montanum, Nardetum strictae
montanum, etc. Podsol soils with secondary lying fallow, with the following
associations : Agrostetum tenuis montanum, Festucetum rubrae montanum,
Festueeto — Nardetum strictae montanum, Festueeto — Alchemilletum vul-
garis, Trifolio — Festucetum rubrae, etc. Podsolic high mountain brown
earth, with the associations : Picetum subalpinum, Piceto — Juniperetum
vacciniosum, Nardeto — Vaccinietum, Vaccinietum myrtilli, etc. Humus sili-
cate soil (subalpine Ranker) with the associations : Nardetum subalpinum,
307
SUMMARY
Festucetum rubrae subalpinum, Potentillo — Festucetum ovinaet Cetrarieto —
Vaccinietum uliginosi, Nardo — Vaccinietum, etc. Cryptopodsolic subal-
pine brown earth, with Juniperetum nanae, Festucetum rubrae subalpinum,
Festucetum agrostetosum subalpinum, Nardetum strictae subalpinum, etc.
Dark brown acid cryptopodsolic soils, with raw humus acid duff mull,
with the following associations : Pinetum mughi, Juniperetum nanae.
Chapter III. Studies on soil biology. The researches
included in this chapter lead to the following conclusions :
— as the phytocoenoses are in more advanced stages towards dis-
climax or climax, the amount of organic matter deposited in, or on, the
soil is higher and higher ;
— parallel to the evolution of the phytocoenose succession a slower
decomposition of the dead organic matter could be observed ;
— according to the various succession stages, there is a decrease in
the nitrogen content of the dead organic matter in the phytocoenoses and
an increase of cellulose content ;
— the soil aeration decreases parallel to the age of association and
to the evolution of the phytocoenoses ; the intensity of pedobiological pro-
cesses decreases implicitly ;
— in similar pH condition various associations are developing, de-
pending on the soil nutrition regime and on its constancy ;
— during the nine years of consecutive application of the various
mineral fertilizers, significant pH modifications were induced in none of
the studied associations ;
— each association has a specific humus content increasing accord-
ing to the succession phase towards disclimax or climax ;
— the number of the soil bacteria and surface biomass show parallel
curves, with some unavoidable deviations (Figs 6 and 7) ;
— the amelioration of the trophic regime induces a more intense
relationship between the higher green plants and the soil microorganisms
which also increase the biomass ;
— with artieifial soil heating, by burning the woody material (100 —
150°C) soluble phosphate increases and maintains its high values up to
8—10 years, nitrogen 4 — 6 years ; the number of bacteria increases very
much, as a result of a favourable modification of the soil physico-chemical
conditions ;
— there is a succession of several associations and subassociations
on the same soil type, according to the edaphobiologic conditions required
by the various coenotaxa.
Chapter IV. Studies on Flora. These studies and researches
had a successive and in some biotopes also a stationary character, similar
to vegetation.
The phanerogams of the Yladeasa massif belong to 83 families,
and 367 genera being 1010 species, 23 subspecies, 53 varieties and 22 forms.
The following new taxa are described : Potentilla argentes var. trifoliolobata,
Gentiana austriaca var. simplex, G. praeeox var. depauperata f. filipii
308
SUMMARY
and Pedicularis limnogena f. alba. 99 species are rare or very rare in the
Romanian Western Carpathians and 33 are new records for the same mount-
ains : Sequoia giganteia (planted), Bianthus tenuifolius, Heliospermum
quatrifidium, Silene armeria var. lituanica, Batrachium trichophyllum, Fu-
maria rostellata, Alyssum desertorum, Trifolium bertrandi, Heracleum pal-
malum, Hesperis moniliformis, Tozzia alpina, Qentiana austriaca, G. wn-
culosa, Asperulla tenella, A. capitata, Galius flaveseens, Leontodon danu-
bialis, Narcisus poeticus, Allium vistorialis, Carex repens, C. bigelovi, C.
rupestris are some of these. The Euro-Asiatic elements prevail — 33.50%;
the Mediterranean elements present a great phytogeographical importance
— 4.38%; Continental —3.23%, Balkanic-Illyric — 2.47%; Pontic-
Mediterranean — 1.59 % ; Dacian-Balkanic — 1.28% ; and endemic —
1.92%. The thermophilic Mediterranean Carpathian-Balkanic and Alpine-
Central European elements have a special significance. Among these relicts
should be mentioned Syringa josikaea, Hedrajanthus kitaibellii and Pedi-
cularis limnogena, survivors of the glacial period.
Ecological and fodder indexes are given for 220 grassland species,
namely : humidity with 7 degrees, temperature with 6 degrees, soil reaction
with 6 degrees and fodder value with 8 degrees (Table 11).
Chapter 7. Vegetation study. Associations and sub-associa-
tions are described based on the synthetical table of ten records for the
coenotaxa already described, or 51 records for those which are newly de-
scribed. Fifty-five associations are recorded based on tables of characteris-
tic species, while 25 associations of limited spreading are mentioned simply
as existent. The characteristic-indicator species were taken into considera-
tion in defining the association, special attention being paid to those with
high constancy. The associations were established on phytocoenoses having
the same physionomic, floristic and ecological patterns, as well as with
the same dynamics showing similar reactions when anthropic factors
involved.
There have been identified 14 classes, 20 orders, 28 alliances, 4 sub-
alliances, 76 associations, 7 sub-associations and several facies in the stu-
died area. The following have not yet been described : Calthetum lactae
Krajina 1933 biharicum ass., reg., Nardo — V accinietum, Piceto — Juni-
peretum vacciniosum, Holcetum lanati Issler 1936, biharicum ass. reg., Sam-
buco — Calamagrostetum arundinaceae, Fesiuceto (rubrae) — Callunetun vul-
garis■, Festucetum (rubrae) — agrostidetcsum subalpinum, Fpilcbietum luzu-
letosum, Calamagrostetum —agrcsteicsum, Festuceium — (rubrae) — cytiseto-
sumnigricantis.
Chapter VI. Dynamics of vegetation influenced by an-
thropic and phyto-biotic factors. The evolution of vegetation was followed
during 34 years in sites where the spruce-fir (Picea excelsa) was removed,
which allowed to establish syndynamic and synecological statements :
— characteristic species of Picea abies clearings occur oniy in sites
without pasture;
— there is an increase in species number in the first 7 — 10 years,
followed by a decrease, ending in phytocoenoses of Nardus.
309
SUMMARY
— there is an inverse ratio between the mineral content of the soil
and the number of species of the vegetation;
— due to the pasture and animal excrements, the Agrostis tenuis stage
is about 10 — 20 years, that of Festuca rubra 20 — 50 years;
— dicotyledons dominate the first stages, followed afterwards by
the massive occurrence of monocotyledons, the dynamic equilibrium being
settled when the land is equally occupied by both groups;
— the succession of these stages is avoided by oversowings ;
Vegetation dynamics was followed during 19 years where Juniperus
sibirica was cleared, the following important conclusions being revealed
(Fig. 16) :
— in the first stage, various dicotyledons dominate while in the
second one monocotyledon, with Festuca rubra and Agrostis tenuis prevailing.
— when fertilizers are added, Festuca rubra and Agrostis tenuis
(aftre 5 — 10 years) mostly replaced by Nardus stricta associated with
species Vactinium)
— Vactinium and the moss species occurring under Juniperus
sibirica are significantly thinned out, with complete light conditions or
by the passing of animals;
— the curve of the species number in the succession is very similar
to that shown by cleared Ficea abies stands.
The stands with artificially heated soil exhibit three vegeta-
tional stages : the first with predominance of dicotyledons (Campanula
abietina, Viola declinata, etc.); the second with monotyledons, mostly Poa
annua; the third stage is in dynamic equilibrium with both groups (Fig.
17). The above-mentioned stages may be eliminated by sowing Festuca
rubra, Agrostis tenuis, Trifolium repens, T. hybridum, etc. The sowed spe-
cies are maintained for 20 years in the phytocoenoses which are converted
then into the zonal vegetation type.
The following conclusions were drawn, based on biotopes broken
ground, fertilized and sown with adequate species (Figs 18 and 19) :
— the edapho-biological equilibrium is deeply modified by a mere
breaking ground and it is markedly reflected on the structure of the
renewed vegetation;
— sowing and fertilizing induce a compact vegetable covering from
its first year, the sown species being dominant;
—sooner or later the vegetation composition converges towards the
zonal type of herbaceous and afterwards woody vegetation.
Studies on the vegetation dynamics of the biotopes with ameliorated
trophical regime pointed out the following :
— as regards fodder, important phytocoenotical modifications take
place in all herbaceous associations ;
— concerning the phytocenoses of Nardus the competition takes
place initially between Nardus stricta and Festuca rubra; meanwhile the
second species, considered as the winner in the first part of this competi-
tion, looses it in the second part for the benefit of Agrostis tenuis;
310
SUMMARY
— the phenomenon is reversible, if the fertilization is not regularly
repeated ;
— if calcium is applied in corresponding doses, its effect on Nardus
will be visible after 3 — 5 years, the multiplication of Festuca rubra being
evident ;
— the masses and some phanerogams (Potentilla aurea, Campanula
abietina, etc.) cannot tolerate the amelioration and diminish to their com-
plete disapearance.
The vegetation dynamics affected by its utilization manner, followed
during 8 years on end, revealed the following phytocoenotical aspects :
— when the grassland is in its younger stage — as regards its dyna-
mics in time — there could be observed more evident differentiations in
the vegetation structure, by its utilization as meadow on the one hand, or
pasture on the other ;
— the time necessary to notify quantitative and qualitative changes
in the vegetation is determined by the grassland type and by its age ;
— on one and the same grassland, the grazing induces more stressed
and earlier modifications than those induced by mowing ;
— fertilization intensifies the positive effect of the utilization of
grasslands as meadows — in comparison with the pasture in the sense that
Nardus stricta and other light-loving species decrease in a shorter time ;
— in order to maintain a phytocoenotical equilibrium as productive
as possible, an alternative utilization of meadows and grazing lands is
suggested.
The experiments performed in order to reveal the modifications of the
phytomedium under anthropic influence suggested the following conclusions :
— any intervention in the soil trophic processes will implicitly modify
the metabiotical processes as in the case of Hieracium piosella, where the
effect of toxins was annihilated ;
— the synergism created the conditions of a mutual support, reflect-
ed in positive biochemical modifications of Trifolium pratense and Festuca
pratensis, Cucumis sativum and Trifolium arvense ;
— the composition, structure and the age of phytocoenoses determine
certain differentiations within the thermic regime, soil carbon dioxide, in
humus, in the number of offshoots on m2, in the biomass of the phyto-
coenoses, etc. ;
— when the secondary vegetation is nearer to disclimax the ecological
conditions are less favourable to the installing of the climax vegetation ;
— the thickening of. the grass layer reduces soil and air exchanges,
thus also inducing the diminution of edapho-biological processes, reflected
in the biomass decrease.
Chapter VII. Experiments on the productivity po-
tential of grasslands.
Experiments were carried out at 500 — 1823 m altitude, in 19 stands,
with 152 variants.
311
SUMMARY
From these data, the basic important conclusions are summarized as
follows :
— the biomass is mostly affected by the interrelation complex of
biotic and abiotic factors, and as such its curves are not parallel to those of
the climatic factors;
— the modification of an ecological factor, as the soil aeration, or
its nitrogen content, etc., induces changes in the physical, chemical and
biological conditions of the soil, which directly affect the amount and
quality of the biomass;
— modifications in the biological equilibrium of a given biotope, pro-
duced by anthropic causes, are reflected in the composition and structure
of the vegetation, the whole having a reversible character, whence the neces-
sity of our repeated intervention;
— the same cause will not always induce the same effect, because
various factors are interfering at random; as such the productivity
cannot be entirely predictable, when man is interfered;
— some biotopes — after 9 years of consecutive treatment with fer-
tilizers — presented a decreasing curve (especially in the second and the
third year) (Figs 20, 23 and 24);
— one cannot expect a rule between the biomass and based on the
trophic status as well as climatic conditions only;
— the biomass is mostly affected by the trophic states and the com-
position of the grassland;
— as the graminaceae are more massively prevailing and the plants
number on a surface unit is grater, a higher productivity can be expected
by the montane or subalpine grasslands fertilizing;
— the application of fertilizers at irregular time intervals and in va-
riable doses may be efficient;
— pedobiological processes induced by the first treatments will be
latently kept for some years, especially the organic fertilizers or the repeat-
ed moderate doses of nitrogen-phosphorus which will produce an increased
biomass;
— Nardus strieta will be entirely controlled by the simultaneous soil
aeration with its breaking ground;
— evidence is made of a superposition of the negative effects of
the exposure and slope with the altitude negative effects, in productivity
limitation and in fertilizers efficiency;
— the northern exposure induces a biomass depression, parallel to
the growth of slopes (Fig. 29);
— as the altitude and the slope are increasing, biomass differentia-
tions betwnee the southern and northern exposures are more evident
(Fig. 29);
— there is no strict parallelism between the biomass and altitude,
which will be more strikingly made evident over 1200 m;
— soil productivity decreases on altitudes, determined by the slope
and the exposure, but inversions may also be observed (Fig. 30);
312
SUMMARY
Chapter VIII. Aspects concerning forest produc-
tivity potential. Fagetum carpaticum registers at 600 m altitude
— 6.16 mc/ha/annual, and 4.60 mc/ha/ann. at 1000 — 1200; Picetum
montanum recorded 8.01 mc/ha/ann. at 1130— 1320 m; Picetum subalpi-
num 2.00 mc/ha/ann at 1380 — 1600 m altitude.
Chapter IX. Researches on the chemical com-
position of the vegetable mass of some phyto-
coenoses and of more species. The conclusions of these
researches are summarized as follows;
— animals consume the grass of fertilized variants in the following
order of preference : organic-manure-fertilized variant, jSTP variant and
N variant;
— the greatest protein amount on a surface unit will be obtained by
NP and K treatments ; this is another reason for recommending their prac-
tical use;
— exclusive nitrogen treatment stimulates indirectly the solubiliza-
tion of the soil mineral elements, necessary to plant nutrition, as it results
from biochemical analyses;
— KK treatment most intensely stimulates (on the Vladeasa massif)
protein synthetizing, as compared to other variants;
— consequently to the stimulation of the phytosynthetical process —
more intense than mineral element absorption — the ash content of some
treated variants is smaller than in the untreated controls.
— calcium has a positive contribution in the pedobiologic processes,
as reflected in the increased content of plants mineral elements;
— the phytocoenoses development environment induces various
directions in the species metabolism of each phytocoenosis in part.
At hay harvesting, among others, phenological stages determine a
very varied chemical content of the species.
313
Bibliografie
Aichinger E,. Vegetationskunde der Karawanger, Jena, 1933.
Anghel Gh. çi colab., Influença unor mäsuri de suprafatä asupra produc(iei päsunilor de
Festuca rubra falax de la Dealul Sasului, Probl. agricole, 1963, nr. 11.
Barbulescu C. §i colab., TJnele aspecte eu privire la imbunätafirea paçunilor de N ardus stricta
din (ara noastrà, Rev. zooteh. çi med. vet., 1964, nr. 7.
Beldie Al., Flora §i vegetatia Munfilor Bucegi, Edit. Academiei, Bucuresti, 1966.
Blagovescenschi A., Bazele biochimice ale procesului de evolutie la plante, Edit, agrosilvicä,
Bucureçti, 1953.
Bodea C., Cercetarea relafiei ce exisià între reacfia solului si capacitatea de descompunere a
celulozei, Bui. Fac. agr. Cluj, vol. XI, 1943.
Bomier J., The role of toxic substances in the interact on of higher plants, Bot. Rev., 1950,
t. 16, nr. 1.
Borza Al., DieVegetation und Flora Rumäniens, Guide de la sixième Excursion Phytogéogr.,
Intern. Roumanie, Cluj, 1931.
— Studii fitosociologice in MunfU Retezat, Bui. Grad. bot. Cluj, 1934, nr. 11.
— Conspectus Florae Romaniae regionumque affinum, Cluj, 1947—1949, vol. I—II.
— Vegetatia §i flora Väii Sebeçului, Edit. Acad, R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1959.
Borza Al., Boscaiu B., Introducere in studiul couorului vegetal, Edit. Academiei, Bucureçti,
1965.
Braun-Blanquet J., Pflanzensoziologie, a 2-a edi^ie, Viena, 1951.
Buia Al., Les associations à Nardus stricta L. de la R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Rev. de
biol., 1963, t. VII, nr. 2.
Buia Al., çi colab., Studiul geobotanic al paji$tilor din Masivul Paring, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucu-
resti, 1962.
— Pâsunile din Munfii Paring, Lucr. çtiint., Craiova 1968.
Bujoreanu Gh., Contribuai la cunoaçterea întovâraçirilor si succesiunea p’antelor, Bui. Grad,
bot., Cluj, 1930, vol. X, nr. 1—4.
Burduja C. §i colab., Contribuai la cunoaçterea pajiçtilor naturale din Moldova sub raport
geobotanic $i agroproductiv, St. §i cere, çt., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Iasi, 1956,
vol. VII.
Calancea L., Raspindirea azolob acier ului in solurile cartografiate din bazinul hidrografic valea
Feiurdului, St. çi cere, çt., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Cluj, 1954, an. X, nr. 3 — 5.
Calancea L., Resmeritä L, Raportul bacteriilor saprofife sporulante si nesporulante pe trei
tipuri de pajiçti in funefie de lucrarile agrotehnice aplicate, Lucr. stiin^ifice ale
Centrului experimental eu îngraçâminte bacteriene, Bucureçti, 1959 — 1960.
Clements F. E., Plant succession and indicators, New York, 1928.
Csurös§t., Studii floristice $i de vegetatie in Munfii Cälimani, St. çi cere. $t., Academia R.P.R.,
Filiala Cluj, 1951, an. II, nr. 1—2.
CsüRös Çt., Resmeri^a I., Studii asupra pajiçtilor de Festuca rubra din Transilvania, Contri-
buai botanice, 1960.
CsüRös Çt., Cercetàri geobotanice pe Muntele Pietrele Albe (Masivul Vlâdeasa), St. çi cere,
biol., Séria biol. veget., Academia R.P.R., 1963, vol. XV, nr. 1.
Dadînchin V. P., Temperatura solului, unul din factorii care determinà eficacitatea îngiàçà-
mintelor, Anal, rom.-sov., Séria agronomie-zootehnice, 1952, nr. 11.
315
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Domes N., Die Klimatisch bedingte Abnahme des ertrages von Wald und Weiden im Gerbige,
Viena —Leipzig, 1936.
Ellemberg H., Landwirtschaflichung Pflanzensoziologie, Stuttgart, 1950.
Fedorov V. M Microbiologia solului, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucureçti, 1956.
Ghiça E., Kovacs A., Cercetäri fitosociologice in Munfii Zarandului, Lucr. Grad, bot., Bucu-
reçti, 1961.
Ghisa E. çi colab., Cercetäri floristice $i fitocenotice in Munfii Apuseni la Piatra Cefii, Contri-
buai botanice, Cluj, 1955.
Gräneanu A. çi colab., Cercetäri geobotanice de la Slafionarul Raräu, Contribuai botanice,
a V-a Consfätuire geobotanicä, 1967.
Hegi G., Flora von Mittel Europa, München (1909), 1965.
Hulpoi N. çi colab., Aspecte microbiologice din cultura irigaiä ?i neirigatä a porumbului dubia
hibrid $i a grîului de toamnà pe cernoziom negru dégradai de la Fundulea, Lucr.
çt. C.E.I.B., Bucureçti, 1961, vol. VII.
Iarosenko D. P., Geobotanica, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucureçti, 1962.
Issler E., Vegetationskunde der Vosges, Jena, 1942.
Ionjsscu-Siçesti Gh., Staicu Ir., Agrotehnica, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucureçti, 1958, vol. I si II.
Klapp E., Wiesen und Weiden, Berlin, 1954.
Kornas J., Montane hay-meadow Gladiolo-Agrostetum in the Polish western Carpathians, Contri-
buai botanice, Cluj, 1967.
Lapuçan A. çi colab., ïnfluenta unor ingràçâminle minerale çi organice çi amendamente asupra
productiei pajiçtilor naturale din regiunea Cluj, Lucr. Inst, agr., Cluj, 1964.
Leandru V., Contribufii la cunoaçterea schimbarilor din pâtura vie dupä taierea rasa a moli-
dului, Com. Acad. R.P.R., 1963, t. XII, nr. 5.
Misustin E. N. çi colab., Microorganism i samoociscensie, Pociv. Izd. Acad. U.R.S.S., Moscova,
1954.
Meusel H., Die Bedeutung der Wuchs form für die Entwicklung des natürlichen Systems der Pflan-
zen, Fedes Repertorium, 1951, nr. 54.
Moraru I., Vegetatia Muntelui Tibles, Bue. Soc. rom. geogr., Biicureçti, 1942.
Nemes M. çi colab., Pollen Analysis in the subalpine soils on Vlädeasa Mouiain, §tiin(a solului,
1968, vol. 6, nr. 2-3.
Niedermaier K., Experienfe de îngrâçarea pajiçtilor demunte, Anal. I.C.A.R., 1958, vol. XXVI.
— Eficienta aplicärii ingraçûmintelor pe pajiçtile situate la altitudini diferite, Anal.
I.C.C.A., Fundulea, Séria B, 1962, vol. XXX.
Nyârâdy A., Contribufii la clasificarea unor asociafii aie ordinului Seslerietalia coerulaea,
Br. - Bl. 1926 din Romdnia, Contributii geobotanice, Cluj, 1967.
Oberdörfer E., ,,PflanzensoziologischeExcursion flora, Stuttgart, 1962.
— Süddeusche Pflanzengesellschaften ,,Pflanzensoziologie, , Jena, 1957.
Obrejanu Gr. çi colab., Cercetäri privind ridicarea producfiei pajistilor din Munfii Apuseni,
St. çi cere, agr., Academia R.P.R., Filiala Cluj, 1957, an. VIII, nr. 1 — 2.
Paçcovschi S,. Succesiunea speciilor forestiere, Edit, agrosilvicä, Bucuresti, 1967.
Pass arge H., Pflanzenge sellchaften des nordostdeutschen Flachlandes 1, Jena, 1964.
Paucä A., Studii fitosociologice in Munfii Codrul çi Muma, St. çi cere. Acad. Rom., 1941,
nr. 51.
Patega-Brumaru çi colab., Observaiii privind îmbunàtâfirea pajistilor artificial de pe terenurile
curäfate de Pinus montana prin granularea organicä a tngräsämintelor, Probl. zoot.
çi med. vet., 1957, nr. 9.
Pawlovski B., Fragmenta floristica materiialg florystyczne i geobotaniccne, Inst. Bot. Acad.
Sei. Polanas, 1960, vol. VI.
Pop E., Contribufii la istoria pädurilor din nordul Transilvaniei, Bul. Gräd. bot. Cluj, 1942,
vol. XXII, nr. 1 — 4.
— Mlastinile de turbä din R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1959.
Pop E. çi colab., Testarea eficienfei captärilor säptäminale in aeropalinologie, St. çi cerc. biol.,
Séria bot., 1965, t. 15, nr. 2.
Pop I. çi colab., Aspecte floristice çi de vegetafie de la Cetatea Ràdesei çi Cheile Someçului
Cald, Contributii botanice, Cluj, 1962.
316
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Prodan L, Flora pentfii determinarea descrierea plantelor ce cresc in Romänia, 1939, nr.l.
Pu sc AR u D. §i colab., Päsunile alpine din Munfii Bucegi, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti,
1956.
Puscaru E. §i colab., Päsunile si finefeie din R.P.R., Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1963.
Rajiu O., Contribuya la cunoasterea vegetafiei de la Stina de Vale, Comunican botanice, Cluj,
1965.
Ravärut M. $i colab., Contribuía la studiul pajistilor naturale din bazinul Putnei si §u?itei,
Lucr. Inst, agr., Iasi, 1958.
Raclaru P., Vegetafia pajistilor din masioul Raräu, A V-a Consfätuire de geobotánica, Comu-
nican botanice, 1967.
Resmerita L, Studii de vegetatie §i agrotehnice asupra finefelor Arrhenathereto — Fes tucetum
sulcatae din valea Somesului si Nades, St. §i cerc. agr., Acad. R.P.R., Filíala Cluj,
1958, an. IX, nr. 1-2.
— Instalarea si succesiunea uegetatiei in täieturile de molid de pe masiuul Vlädeasa,
Natura, 1958, nr. 5.
— Principalele asociafii de pajisti din Maramures si aprecieri asupra valorii lor
furajere, Probl. zoot. si med. vet., 1959, nr. 9.
— Rezultate fitocenotice si agroproductive obfinute la Cantonul pastoral Vlädeasa,
Rev. zoot. §i med. vet., 1966, nr. 12.
— Neue oder seltene Pflanzen der Westkarpaten in der Vegetation des Vlädeasa-Masius,
Rev. Roum. de/ Biol., Seria botanicä, 1965, t. IX, nr. 3.
— Flora Masivuaui Vlädeasa, St. $i cerc. biol., Seria bot., 1966, vol. I.
— Evolutia vegejs fiel ierboase pe pajistile naturale sub influenfa ameliorärii regimului
nutritiv din °l, Com. bot., 1963, vol. II.
Resmerija I. §i colab., Contribuía la studiul biologiei si inierbärii terenurilor incälzite prin
arderea materialului lemnos provenit de la defri§area ienuperului si a molidului,
St. ?i cerc. agr., Acad. R.P.R., Filíala Cluj, 1956, an. VII, nr. 1 — 4.
— Cerceläri privind influenfa ingrä$ämintelor minerale asupra gramineelor perene,
Probl. agr., 1954, nr. 4.
— Agrotehnica pajistilor degrádate, Edit. Acad. R.P.R., Bucuresti, 1956.
— Cercetäri siafionare privind vegetatia ierboasä de pe masivul Vlädeasa-Micäu,
St. $i cerc. biol., 1963, t. XV, nr. 1.
— Contribuía la studiul biologic fitocenologic $i agroiehnic al nardetelor din Tran-
silvania, Com. bot., 1963, partea a II-a, vol. II.
— Aspeóte ale dinamicii uegetatiei din República Socialistä Romänia, Com. bot.,
a V-a consfätuire de geobotánica, 1967.
— Cartarea geobotánica si agrotehnicä a corpului de pä$une Cionca (raion Huedin),
Contribuid botanice, Cluj, 1966.
— Vegetafia, ecología $i potentialul productiv pe versantii din Podisul Transilvaniei,
Edit. Academiei, Bucuresti, 1968.
Safta I., Cercetäri geobotanice asupra pä?unilor din Transilvania, Bul. Fac. agr. Cluj — Timi-
soara, 1943, vol. X.
— Experiente cu ingrä$äminte artificíale la finetele din Turda ?i Cimpia Turzii in
anul 1933, Agricultura nouä, 2, 1934.
Safta 1. si Obrejanu Gr,. Influenfa ingräsämintelor chimice si organice asupra producfiei de
fin din regiunea Munfilor Apuseni, Bul. Fac. agr., Cluj, 1942.
Safta I. colab., Procedeul Rinca pentru combaterea lui Nardus stricta si pentru ridicarea
producfiei pä§unilor de mante, Probl. actúale de biol., Academia R.P.R., 1960.
Safta I. §i colab., Experienfe pentru imbunätäfirea pajistilor ,,Pajistile din Masivul Paring si
imbanätäfirea /or”, Edit. agrosilvicä, Bucuresti, 1962.
Samoila Z., Eficienta ingräsämintelor minerale si organice aplícate pe päsunile din Masivul
Retezat, Probl. zoot. med. vet., 1956, nr. 3.
Salageanu N. si colab., Ferlilitatea solurilor ln funcfie de tratamentul termic prealabil, Lucr.
Ses. stiinL Acad. R.P.R., 1953.
Schneiter F., Versuche mir Bürstling Futterbau und Grasfutterbereitung, 1943, vol. 5.
Schröter F., Das Pflanzenleben der Alpen, Zürich, 1926.
Serbänescu I., Cercetäri asupra vegetafiei din depresiunea Bäii Mari, Com. geol., 1959, vol.
XLII.
317
BIBLIOGRAFIE
Soó R., A magyar flora és vegetado rendszertaninövenyföldrajzi, Budapesta, 1964, vol. I.
Scamoni A., Einführung in der praktischen Vegetationskunde, Jena, 1963.
Stugren B., Ecología generalá, Edit. çtiinjificâ, Bucure^ti, 1965.
Sukacev V., Dendrología sosnovomi lesnoi gheobotaniki, Leningrad, 1938.
Trudneva G., BÎlînghina A., Vlianik objoga na izmenic svoistvo pocivî, Pociovovedenie,
1951, vol. 4.
Voisin A., Productivité de Vherbe, Paris, 1957.
Worth B., Pàçunile tngrijirea lor, Agricultura veterinarä, 1946, vol. 1.
Zürn F., Leistungsgrenzen auf hochalpinen Grünland die Bodenkultur, Viena, 1962.
* * * Bulletin de la Fédération Française de VEconomie Montagnarde, 1962 —1963, vol. 13.
* * * Flora Europaea, 1964, vol. 1.
* * * Flora Bepublicii Socialiste România, 1952—1966, vol. I—XI. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Resmeriţă, Ioan |
| author_facet | Resmeriţă, Ioan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Resmeriţă, Ioan |
| author_variant | i r ir |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023427205 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QK335 |
| callnumber-raw | QK335 |
| callnumber-search | QK335 |
| callnumber-sort | QK 3335 |
| callnumber-subject | QK - Botany |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)7248652 (DE-599)GBV242825257 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02826nam a2200553 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV023427205</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20181204 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">080731s1970 ad|| |||| 00||| rum d</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)7248652</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)GBV242825257</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">rum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M38</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QK335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Resmeriţă, Ioan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa</subfield><subfield code="c">I. Resmeriţă</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">[Bucureşti]</subfield><subfield code="b">Ed. Acad. Republicii Socialiste România</subfield><subfield code="c">1970</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">317, [2] S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Flora, vegetation and productivity potential of the Vlădeasa massif</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bibliogr. S. 315 - [318]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Plant ecology</subfield><subfield code="z">Romania</subfield><subfield code="z">Vlădeasa Mountains</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Primary productivity (Biology)</subfield><subfield code="z">Romania</subfield><subfield code="z">Vlădeasa Mountains</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ökologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043207-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Vegetation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4187458-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Pflanzen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045539-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Produktivität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047364-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rumänien</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Masivul Vlădeasa</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1172735301</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Masivul Vlădeasa</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1172735301</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ökologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043207-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Pflanzen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045539-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Vegetation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4187458-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Produktivität</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047364-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016609544</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">630.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Rumänien Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania) Masivul Vlădeasa (DE-588)1172735301 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania) Masivul Vlădeasa |
| id | DE-604.BV023427205 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:33:14Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:18:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016609544 |
| oclc_num | 7248652 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-M38 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-M38 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | 317, [2] S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1970 |
| publishDateSearch | 1970 |
| publishDateSort | 1970 |
| publisher | Ed. Acad. Republicii Socialiste România |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Resmeriţă, Ioan Verfasser aut Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa I. Resmeriţă [Bucureşti] Ed. Acad. Republicii Socialiste România 1970 317, [2] S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Flora, vegetation and productivity potential of the Vlădeasa massif Bibliogr. S. 315 - [318] Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania Plant ecology Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Primary productivity (Biology) Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania) Masivul Vlădeasa (DE-588)1172735301 gnd rswk-swf Masivul Vlădeasa (DE-588)1172735301 g Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 s Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Resmeriţă, Ioan Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania Plant ecology Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Primary productivity (Biology) Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4187458-4 (DE-588)4045539-7 (DE-588)4047364-8 (DE-588)1172735301 |
| title | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |
| title_auth | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |
| title_exact_search | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |
| title_full | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa I. Resmeriţă |
| title_fullStr | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa I. Resmeriţă |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa I. Resmeriţă |
| title_short | Flora, vegetaţia şi potenţialul productiv pe masivul Vlădeasa |
| title_sort | flora vegetatia si potentialul productiv pe masivul vladeasa |
| topic | Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania Plant ecology Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Primary productivity (Biology) Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plant ecology / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Primary productivity (Biology) / Romania / Vlădeasa Mountain Vlădeasa Mountain, Romania Plant ecology Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Primary productivity (Biology) Romania Vlădeasa Mountains Ökologie Vegetation Pflanzen Produktivität Rumänien Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania) Masivul Vlădeasa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016609544&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT resmeritaioan floravegetatiasipotentialulproductivpemasivulvladeasa |