Nitroxides: applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science
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| Sprache: | English |
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2008
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| Beschreibung: | XIX, 419 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783527318896 3527318895 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805090751828197376 |
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS PREFACE XIII SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XV 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF
MAGNETISM 1 JUN YAMAUCHI 1.1 MAGNETISM OF MATERIALS 1 1.1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND 1 1.1.2 MAGNETIC MOMENT AND ITS ENERGY IN A MAGNETIC FIELD 3
1.1.3 DEFINITIONS OF MAGNETIZATION AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 4 1.1.4
DIAMAGNETISM AND PARAMAGNETISM 5 1.1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC
MATERIALS 6 1.1.6 IMPORTANT VARIABLES, UNITS, AND RELATIONS 7 1.2
ORIGINS OF MAGNETISM 8 1.2.1 ORIGINS OF DIAMAGNETISM 8 1.2.2 ORIGINS OF
PARAMAGNETISM 10 1.2.3 MAGNETIC MOMENTS 13 1.2.4 SPECIFIC RULES FOR MANY
ELECTRONS 15 1.2.5 MAGNETIC MOMENTS IN GENERAL CASES 17 1.2.6 ZEEMAN
EFFECT 18 1.2.7 ORBITAL QUENCHING 19 1.3 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 21 1.3.1 THE LANGEVIN FUNCTION OF MAGNETIZATION
AND THE CURIE LAW 21 1.3.2 THE BRILLOUIN FUNCTION OF MAGNETIZATION AND
THE CURIE LAW 22 1.3.3 THE CURIE-WEISS LAW 24 1.3.4 MAGNETIC ORDERED
STATE 2 6 1.3.5 MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS 30 1.3.5.1 EXCHANGE INTERACTION 30
1.3.5.2 DIPOLAR INTERACTION 31 1.3.6 SPIN HAMILTONIAN 34 1.3.7 VAN VLECK
FORMULA FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY 35 1.3.8 SOME EXAMPLES OF THE VAN VLECK
FORMULA 36 1.3.8.1 THE CURIE LAW 36 1.3.8.2 ZERO-FILED SPLITTING CASE 37
NITROXIDES: APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE, AND MATERIALS
SCIENCE GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN, JUN YAMAUCHI, SHIN'ICHI NAKATSUJI, ALEX
I. SMIRNOV, AND RUI TAMURA COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO.
KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31889-6 CONTENTS 1.3.8.3 SPIN CLUSTER
CASE*THE DIMER MODEL 37 1.3.8.4 MULTIPLE-SPIN CLUSTER CASE*THE TRIANGLE
OR OTHERS 39 1.3.8.5 TEMPERATURE-INDEPENDENT PARAMAGNETISM 39 1.3.9
LOW-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTION NETWORK 40 1.4 EXPERIMENTAL MAGNETIC DATA
ACQUISITION 43 1 A.I METHODS 43 1.4.2 EVALUATIONS OF MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MAGNETIC MOMENT 44 REFERENCES 45 2 MOLECULA R
MAGNETISM 47 JUN YAMAUCHI 2.1 MAGNETIC ORIGINS FROM ATOMS AND MOLECULES
47 2.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 47 2.1.2 SPIN STATES DERIVED FROM
CHEMICAL BONDS 48 2.1.3 ORGANIC FREE RADICALS 50 2.1.4 COORDINATE
COMPOUNDS 50 2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLECULAR MAGNETISM 51 2.2.1
MOLECULAR PARAMAGNETISM 51 2.2.2 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC FREE
RADICALS 52 2.3 NITROXIDE AS A BUILDING BLOCK 53 2.3.1 STABILITY OF THE
N-0 BOND 53 2.3.2 STRUCTURAL RESONANCE OF THE N-0 BOND 54 2.3.3
MOLECULAR AND MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NITROXIDES 55 2.3.4
NITROXIDES AS BUILDING BLOCK 56 2.4 LOW-DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF
NITROXIDES 57 2.4.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETISM 57 2.4.1.1 TANOL (TEMPOL)
57 2.4.1.2 F 5 PNN 59 2.4.2 INTERCHAIN INTERACTION AND SPIN LONG-RANGE
ORDERING 60 2.4.3 TWO-DIRNENSIONAL MAGNETISM 63 2.4.3.1 DANO 63 2.4.3.2
P-NPNN 64 2.4.4 COORDINATION OF NITROXIDE WITH METAL IONS 65 2.4.4.1 CU
2+ , MN 2+ -TANOL (TEMPOL) 65 2.4.4.2 MN 2+ -IPNN 66 REFERENCES 68 3
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) 71 JUN YAMAUCHI 3.1
MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF ELECTRON AND NUCLEAR SPINS 71 3.1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND 71 3.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 72 3.2
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) 72 3.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF ESR
FROM SPECTROSCOPIC INTERPRETATION 72 3.2.2 PRINCIPLE OF ESR FROM
RESONANCE INTERPRETATION 74 3.2.3 BLOCH EQUATION 77 CONTENTS 3.23.1
SOLUTIONS OF THE BLOCH EQUATION 77 3.2.3.2 ABSORPTION LINE SHAPE 78
3.2.3.3 RELAXATION TIMES 81 3.2.4 MODIFIED BLOCH EQUATION 82 3.2.5
HYPERFINE INTERACTION 84 3.2.5.1 INTERACTION OF THE ELECTRON SPIN WITH
NUCLEAR SPINS 84 3.2.5.2 HYPERFINE SPLITTING 85 3.2.5.3 HYDROGEN ATOM (S
= 1/2 AND I = 1/2) 87 3.2.5.4 SPIN POLARIZATION MECHANISM 88 3.2.6 FINE
STRUCTURE 90 3.2.7 DYNAMICAL PHENOMENA 91 3.2.7.1 CORRELATION TIME 91
3.2.7.2 ROTATIONAL CORRELATION TIME 92 3.2.7.3 CHEMICAL EXCHANGE 94 3.3
ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERS IN CRYSTAL 94 3.3.1 G-ANISOTROPY 94 3.3.2
A-ANISOTROPY 96 3.3.3 D-ANISOTROPY 99 3.3.4 ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERS FROM
ESR POWDER PATTERN 99 3.4 PULSED ESR 102 3.4.1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF
FT-ESR 102 3.4.2 ELECTRON SPIN ECHO (ESE) 104 3.4.2.1 TWO-PULSE METHOD
104 3.4.2.2 THREE-PULSE METHOD 105 3.4.2.3 INVERSION RECOVERY METHOD 106
3.4.2.4 ECHO-DETECTED ESR (ED-ESR) 106 3.4.2.5 NUTATION SPECTROSCOPY 107
3.4.3 ESEEM 108 3.5 DOUBLE RESONANCE 108 3.5.1 ENDOR 108 3.5.2 TRIPLE
110 3.5.3 ELDOR 111 3.5.4 PULSED METHODS FOR DOUBLE RESONANCE 113 3.6
ESR OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 114 3.6.1 LOW-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC MATERIALS
114 3.6.2 FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE (FMR) 115 3.6.3 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC
RESONANCE (AFMR) 116 3.6.4 FERRIMAGNETIC RESONANCE 118 REFERENCES 118 4
RECENT ADVANTAGES IN ESR TECHNIQUES USED IN NITROXIDE APPLICATIONS 121
ALEX I. SMIMOV 4.1 INTRODUCTION 121 4.2 MACROMOLECULAR DISTANCE
CONSTRAINTS FROM SPIN-LABELING MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXPERIMENTS 122 4.2.1
CONTINUOUS WAVE ESR OF NITROXIDE-NITROXIDE PAIRS 123 VIII CONTENTS ALL
CONTINUOUS WAVE ESR OF NITROXIDE-METAL ION PAIRS 125 4 2.3 TIME DOMAIN
MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF SPIN PAIRS 128 4 2.3.1 NITROXIDE SPIN LABELS IN
PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETERMINATION BY NMR 128 4.2.3.2 ELECTRONIC RELAXATION
ENHANCEMENT IN SPIN PAIRS 130 4.2.3.3 PULSED DOUBLE ELECTRON-ELECTRON
RESONANCE 131 4.2.3.4 ESR DOUBLE QUANTUM COHERENCE EXPERIMENTS 133 4.2.4
DISTANCE AND ANGULAR CONSTRAINTS BY ESR OF SPIN PAIRS AT HIGH MAGNETIC
FIELDS 134 4.3 MULTIQUANTUM ESR 135 4.4 SPIN-LABELING ESR OF
MICROSCOPICALLY ALIGNED LIPID BILAYERS AND MEMBRANE PROTEINS 136 4.4.1
MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT OF LIPID BILAYERS ON PLANAR SURFACES 136 4.4.2
ALIGNMENT OF DISCOIDAL BILAYERED MICELLES BY MAGNETIC FORCES 138 4.4.3
NANOPORE-CONFINED CYLINDRICAL BILAYERS 139 4.5 SPIN-LABELING ESR AT HIGH
MAGNETIC FIELDS 141 4.5.1 SPIN-LABELING HF AND MULTIFREQUENCY ESR IN
STUDYING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 242 4.5.1.1 STOCHASTIC LIOUVILLE THEORY OF
SLOW MOTION ESR SPECTRA SIMULATIONS 143 4.5.1.2 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
SIMULATION METHODS 145 4.5.2 HIGH FIELD ESR IN STUDYING NITROXIDE
MICROENVIRONMENT 146 4.5.2.1 PROBING LOCAL POLARITY AND PROTICITY OF
MEMBRANE AND PROTEINS 146 4.5.2.2 SITE-DIRECTED PH-SENSITIVE
SPIN-LABELING: DIFFERENTIATING LOCAL PK AND POLARITY EFFECTS BY
HIGH-FIELD ESR 150 4.6 PERSPECTIVES 152 ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS 154 REFERENCES
154 5 PREPARATIONS, REACTIONS, AND PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONAL NITROXIDE
RADICALS 261 SH'M'ICHI NAKATSUJI 5.1 SHORT HISTORICAL SURVEY AND GENERAL
PREPARATIVE METHODS OF NRS 262 5.2 EARLY PROGRESS TOWARD FNRS FOR
ORGANIC MAGNETIC MATERIALS 164 5.3 ORGANIC FERROMAGNETS BASED ON NRS 265
5.4 CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES/RADICAL ION SALTS BASED ON NR 268 5.5
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS CARRYING NRS AND THE DERIVED CT COMPLEXES/RADICAL
SALTS 272 5.6 SUPRAMPOLECULAR SPIN SYSTEMS CARRYING NRS 175 5.7
PHOTOCHROMIC SPIN SYSTEMS CARRYING NRS 284 5.8 FNRS FOR BIOMEDICINAL
APPLICATIONS 292 5.9 FUNCTIONAL NITRONES 196 5.10 CONCLUSION 297
REFERENCES 198 CONTENTS IX 8 NIFROXICLE SPIN PROBES FOR STUDIES OF
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND MICROSTRUCTURE 205 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 6.1.
NITROXIDE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 205 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 205 6.1.2 MOLECULAR
DYNAMICS OF SURROUNDING MOLECULES 206 6.1.2.1 MICROVISCOSITY AND
FLUIDITY 206 6.1.2.2 MOTION OF MACROMOLES AS A WHOLE AND SEGMENTAL
DYNAMICS 207 6.1.2.3 LOW-AMPLITUDE HIGH-FREQUENCY MOTION AND PHONON
DYNAMICS 208 6.2 THE SPIN LABEL-SPIN PROBE METHODS 212 6.3 SPIN OXIMETRY
215 6.4 DETERMINATION OF THE IMMERSION DEPTH OF RADICAL AND FLOURESCENT
CENTERS 217 6.4.1 ANALYSIS OF POWER SATURATION CURVES IN SOLIDS BY CW
ESR 217 6.4.2 DETERMINATION OF DEPTH OF IMMERSION OF A LUMINESCENT
CHROMOPHORE AND A RADICAL USING DYNAMIC EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS 218 6.5
NITROXIDE AS POLARITY PROBES 220 6.6 ELECTROSTATIC EFFECTS IN MOLECULES
IN SOLUTIONS 221 6.6.1 EFFECT OF CHARGE ON DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
PROTONS AND A PARAMAGNETIC SPECIES 221 6.6.2 IMPACT OF CHARGE ON SPIN
EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RADICALS AND PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES 223
6.7 SPIN-TRIPLET-FLUORESCENCE-PHOTOCHROME METHOD 224 6.8 DUAL
FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDE AS MOLECULAR DYNAMICS PROBES 227 6.9 NITROXIDE
SPIN PH PROBES 230 6.10 NITROXIDES AS SPIN PROBES FOR SH GROUPS 231
REFERENCES 232 7 NITROXIDE REDOX PROBES AND TRAPS, NITRON SPIN TRAPS 239
GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 7.1 NITROXIDE REDOX PROBES 239 7.1.1 INTRODUCTION
239 7.1.2 QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT STATUS 240 7.1.3
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 242 7.1.3.1 SOD MIMETIC ACTIVITY 242 7.1.3.2 SPIN
TRAPPING BY NITROXIDES 244 7.2 NITRON SPIN TRAPPING 247 7.2.1
INTRODUCTION 247 7.2.2 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND REACTIONS OF NITRONES WITH
RADICALS 248 7.2.3 NON-RADICAL REACTIONS OF NITRONES 253 7.2.4 NITRIC
OXIDE TRAPPING 254 7.2.5 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF NITRON REACTIONS
254 7.3 DUAL FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDES (FNRO-) AS REDOX SENSORS AND SPIN
TRAPS 256 CONTENTS 7.3.1 INTRODUCTION 256 7 3 2 ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS 257 7.3.3 ANALYSIS OF SUPEROXIDE AND NITRIC OXIDE BY
PYREN-NITRONYL 261 7.3.3.1 SUPEROXIDE ANALYSIS 261 7.3.3.2 NITRIC OXIDE
ANALYSIS 262 7.3.4 DUAL MOLECULES AS SPIN TRAPS 263 REFERENCES 264 G
NITROXIDES IN PHYSICOCHEMISTRY 269 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 8.1 POLYMERS
269 8.1.1 INTRODUCTION 269 8.1.2 POLYMERIZATION: NITROXIDES MEDIATED
LIVING POLYMERIZATION (NMLP) 269 8.1.2.1 PHENOMENON OF AND CHEMISTRY OF
NITROXIDE MEDIATED LIVING POLYMERIZATION 270 8.1.2.2 THERMODYNAMIC AND
KINETICS 272 8.1.3 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND MICRO STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS
274 8.1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 274 8.1.3.2 POLYMERS SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS 276
8.1.3.3 SPATIAL AND ORIENTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF NITROXIDES 279 8.2
NITROXIDES IN PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOPHYSICS 279 8.2.1 FLUORESENCE
QUANCHING, PHOTOELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOREDUCTION 279 8.2.1.1 DUEL
FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDE COMPOUNDS 279 8.2.1.2 NITROXIDES IN MULTISPIN
SYSTEMS 284 8.2.1.3 SPIN TRAPPING IN PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 285 8.3
COMPLEXES TRANSITION METALS WITH NITROXIDE LIGANDS 287 8.4 NITROXIDES IN
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 292 8.4.1 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT (LB) FILMS ON INORGANIC
SUBSTRATES 293 8.4.2 SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 294 8.4.3
NANOPARTICLES 295 8.4.4 LOCAL ACIDITY 296 REFERENCES 297 9 ORGANIC
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS CONTAINING CHIRAL NITROXIDE RADICAL UNITS 303 RUI
TAMURA 9.1 INTRODUCTION 303 9.2 SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF CHIRAL NRS
304 9.2.1 CHIRAL FIVE-MEMBERED CYCLIC NRS 304 9.2.1.1 CHIRAL OC-NNS 304
9.2.1.2 CHIRAL PROXYLS 305 9.2.1.3 CHIRAL DOXYLS 313 9.2.2 CHIRAL
SIX-MEMBERED CYCLIC NRS 314 CONTENTS I XS 9.2.3 MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
314 9.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL NRS IN THE SOLID STATE 315 9.3.1
CHIRAL NITOXIDE-MN^ COMPLEX MAGNETS 315 9.3.2 CHIRAL MULTISPIN SYSTEM
316 9.4 PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL NRS IN THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE STATE 318
9.4.1 DOXYL AND TEMPO LIQUID CRYSTALS 318 9.4.2 PROXYL LIQUID CRYSTALS
320 9.4.2.1 PHASE-TRANSITION BEHAVIOR 320 9.4.2.2 FERROELECTRIC
PROPERTIES 322 9.4.2.3 NONLINEAR MESOSCOPICAL-FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTION
S 323 9.5 APPLICATION OF REDOX PROPERTIES OF NRS 323 9.5.1 OXIDATION
CATALYST 323 9.5.1.1 ACHIRAL CATALYST 323 9.5.1.2 CHIRAL CATALYST 325
9.5.2 RADICAL BATTERY 325 9.6 CONCLUSION 326 REFERENCES 327 10 SPIN
LABELING IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 331 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 10.1
PROTEINS AND ENZYMES 331 10.1.1 INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND
CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION IN ENZYMES 332 10.1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 332
10.1.1.2 LOW-TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 332 10.1.1.3 PROTEIN
DYNAMICS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 334 10.1.2 CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN
PROTEINS AND ENZYMES, AND MECHANISM OF INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS 336
10.1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE ENZYMES' ACTIVE CENTERS 338 10.1.4 SITE-DIRECTED
SPIN-LABELING (SDSL) 340 10.1.4.1 INTRODUCTION 340 10.1.4.2 SOLUBLE
PROTEINS 341 10.1.4.3 RHODOPSIN AND BACTERIORHODOPSIN 344 10.1.4.4
MUSCLE PROTEINS 344 10.1.4.5 MEMBRANE PROTEINS 345 10.2 BIOMEMBRANES 346
10.2.1 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 347 10.2.1.1 LOCATION OF LABELS, WATER,
AND OXYGEN IN MEMBRANES 347 10.2.1.2 MEMBRANE MICROSTRUCTURE 348 10.2.2
MEMBRANE DYNAMICS 349 10.2.3 PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN MEMBRANES 350 10.3
NUCLEIC ACIDS 354 10.3.1 INTRODUCTION 354 10.3.2 DNA 355 XII CONTENTS
10.3. 10.4 10.4. 10.4. .3 .1 .2 RNA 358 POLYSACCHRIDES AND DEXTRINS 360
COTTON AND CELLULOSE 360 CYCLODEXTRINS 362 REFERENCES 363 11 BIOMEDICAL
AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NITROXIDES 371 GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 11.1
CELLS AND TISSUES. BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS 371 11.1.1 CELL MEMBRANE FLUIDITY
371 11.1.2 CELLS REDOX STATUS 372 11.1.3 NITROXIDES AS CELL PROTECTORS
373 11.2 NITROXIDES IN VIVO 374 11.2.1 INTRODUCTION 374 11.2.2 NITROXIDE
IN VIVO BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS 375 11.2.2.1 ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY OF NITROXIDES 375 11.2.2.2 DETECTION OF REACTIVE RADICALS:
SPIN-TRAPPING 376 11.2.2.3 SPIN FARMOKINETICS IN VIVO 378 11.2.2.4 SPIN
PH PROBING 380 11.2.2.5 SPIN IMAGING 381 11.2.2.6 NITROXIDE SPIN PROBE
OXIMETRY 383 11.3 MEDICAL APPLICATION OF NITROXIDES 385 11.3.1
NITROXIDES AND NITRONS AS DRUGS 385 11.3.2 PROTECTION IN ANIMAL MODEL
DISEASES 386 11.3.3 HUMAN DISEASES. THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS 388 11.3.4
NITROXIDES IN CLINICS 389 11.4 AREAS RELATED TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF
NITROXIDE APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICINE 391 REFERENCES 393 12 CONCLUSION
401 INDEX 405 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS PREFACE XIII SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XV 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF
MAGNETISM 1 JUN YAMAUCHI 1.1 MAGNETISM OF MATERIALS 1 1.1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND 1 1.1.2 MAGNETIC MOMENT AND ITS ENERGY IN A MAGNETIC FIELD 3
1.1.3 DEFINITIONS OF MAGNETIZATION AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 4 1.1.4
DIAMAGNETISM AND PARAMAGNETISM 5 1.1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC
MATERIALS 6 1.1.6 IMPORTANT VARIABLES, UNITS, AND RELATIONS 7 1.2
ORIGINS OF MAGNETISM 8 1.2.1 ORIGINS OF DIAMAGNETISM 8 1.2.2 ORIGINS OF
PARAMAGNETISM 10 1.2.3 MAGNETIC MOMENTS 13 1.2.4 SPECIFIC RULES FOR MANY
ELECTRONS 15 1.2.5 MAGNETIC MOMENTS IN GENERAL CASES 17 1.2.6 ZEEMAN
EFFECT 18 1.2.7 ORBITAL QUENCHING 19 1.3 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 21 1.3.1 THE LANGEVIN FUNCTION OF MAGNETIZATION
AND THE CURIE LAW 21 1.3.2 THE BRILLOUIN FUNCTION OF MAGNETIZATION AND
THE CURIE LAW 22 1.3.3 THE CURIE-WEISS LAW 24 1.3.4 MAGNETIC ORDERED
STATE 2 6 1.3.5 MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS 30 1.3.5.1 EXCHANGE INTERACTION 30
1.3.5.2 DIPOLAR INTERACTION 31 1.3.6 SPIN HAMILTONIAN 34 1.3.7 VAN VLECK
FORMULA FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY 35 1.3.8 SOME EXAMPLES OF THE VAN VLECK
FORMULA 36 1.3.8.1 THE CURIE LAW 36 1.3.8.2 ZERO-FILED SPLITTING CASE 37
NITROXIDES: APPLICATIONS IN CHEMISTRY, BIOMEDICINE, AND MATERIALS
SCIENCE GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN, JUN YAMAUCHI, SHIN'ICHI NAKATSUJI, ALEX
I. SMIRNOV, AND RUI TAMURA COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO.
KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31889-6 CONTENTS 1.3.8.3 SPIN CLUSTER
CASE*THE DIMER MODEL 37 1.3.8.4 MULTIPLE-SPIN CLUSTER CASE*THE TRIANGLE
OR OTHERS 39 1.3.8.5 TEMPERATURE-INDEPENDENT PARAMAGNETISM 39 1.3.9
LOW-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTION NETWORK 40 1.4 EXPERIMENTAL MAGNETIC DATA
ACQUISITION 43 1 A.I METHODS 43 1.4.2 EVALUATIONS OF MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MAGNETIC MOMENT 44 REFERENCES 45 2 MOLECULA R
MAGNETISM 47 JUN YAMAUCHI 2.1 MAGNETIC ORIGINS FROM ATOMS AND MOLECULES
47 2.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 47 2.1.2 SPIN STATES DERIVED FROM
CHEMICAL BONDS 48 2.1.3 ORGANIC FREE RADICALS 50 2.1.4 COORDINATE
COMPOUNDS 50 2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLECULAR MAGNETISM 51 2.2.1
MOLECULAR PARAMAGNETISM 51 2.2.2 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC FREE
RADICALS 52 2.3 NITROXIDE AS A BUILDING BLOCK 53 2.3.1 STABILITY OF THE
N-0 BOND 53 2.3.2 STRUCTURAL RESONANCE OF THE N-0 BOND 54 2.3.3
MOLECULAR AND MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NITROXIDES 55 2.3.4
NITROXIDES AS BUILDING BLOCK 56 2.4 LOW-DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF
NITROXIDES 57 2.4.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETISM 57 2.4.1.1 TANOL (TEMPOL)
57 2.4.1.2 F 5 PNN 59 2.4.2 INTERCHAIN INTERACTION AND SPIN LONG-RANGE
ORDERING 60 2.4.3 TWO-DIRNENSIONAL MAGNETISM 63 2.4.3.1 DANO 63 2.4.3.2
P-NPNN 64 2.4.4 COORDINATION OF NITROXIDE WITH METAL IONS 65 2.4.4.1 CU
2+ , MN 2+ -TANOL (TEMPOL) 65 2.4.4.2 MN 2+ -IPNN 66 REFERENCES 68 3
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) 71 JUN YAMAUCHI 3.1
MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF ELECTRON AND NUCLEAR SPINS 71 3.1.1 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND 71 3.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 72 3.2
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) 72 3.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF ESR
FROM SPECTROSCOPIC INTERPRETATION 72 3.2.2 PRINCIPLE OF ESR FROM
RESONANCE INTERPRETATION 74 3.2.3 BLOCH EQUATION 77 CONTENTS 3.23.1
SOLUTIONS OF THE BLOCH EQUATION 77 3.2.3.2 ABSORPTION LINE SHAPE 78
3.2.3.3 RELAXATION TIMES 81 3.2.4 MODIFIED BLOCH EQUATION 82 3.2.5
HYPERFINE INTERACTION 84 3.2.5.1 INTERACTION OF THE ELECTRON SPIN WITH
NUCLEAR SPINS 84 3.2.5.2 HYPERFINE SPLITTING 85 3.2.5.3 HYDROGEN ATOM (S
= 1/2 AND I = 1/2) 87 3.2.5.4 SPIN POLARIZATION MECHANISM 88 3.2.6 FINE
STRUCTURE 90 3.2.7 DYNAMICAL PHENOMENA 91 3.2.7.1 CORRELATION TIME 91
3.2.7.2 ROTATIONAL CORRELATION TIME 92 3.2.7.3 CHEMICAL EXCHANGE 94 3.3
ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERS IN CRYSTAL 94 3.3.1 G-ANISOTROPY 94 3.3.2
A-ANISOTROPY 96 3.3.3 D-ANISOTROPY 99 3.3.4 ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERS FROM
ESR POWDER PATTERN 99 3.4 PULSED ESR 102 3.4.1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF
FT-ESR 102 3.4.2 ELECTRON SPIN ECHO (ESE) 104 3.4.2.1 TWO-PULSE METHOD
104 3.4.2.2 THREE-PULSE METHOD 105 3.4.2.3 INVERSION RECOVERY METHOD 106
3.4.2.4 ECHO-DETECTED ESR (ED-ESR) 106 3.4.2.5 NUTATION SPECTROSCOPY 107
3.4.3 ESEEM 108 3.5 DOUBLE RESONANCE 108 3.5.1 ENDOR 108 3.5.2 TRIPLE
110 3.5.3 ELDOR 111 3.5.4 PULSED METHODS FOR DOUBLE RESONANCE 113 3.6
ESR OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 114 3.6.1 LOW-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC MATERIALS
114 3.6.2 FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE (FMR) 115 3.6.3 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC
RESONANCE (AFMR) 116 3.6.4 FERRIMAGNETIC RESONANCE 118 REFERENCES 118 4
RECENT ADVANTAGES IN ESR TECHNIQUES USED IN NITROXIDE APPLICATIONS 121
ALEX I. SMIMOV 4.1 INTRODUCTION 121 4.2 MACROMOLECULAR DISTANCE
CONSTRAINTS FROM SPIN-LABELING MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXPERIMENTS 122 4.2.1
CONTINUOUS WAVE ESR OF NITROXIDE-NITROXIDE PAIRS 123 VIII CONTENTS ALL
CONTINUOUS WAVE ESR OF NITROXIDE-METAL ION PAIRS 125 4 2.3 TIME DOMAIN
MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF SPIN PAIRS 128 4 2.3.1 NITROXIDE SPIN LABELS IN
PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETERMINATION BY NMR 128 4.2.3.2 ELECTRONIC RELAXATION
ENHANCEMENT IN SPIN PAIRS 130 4.2.3.3 PULSED DOUBLE ELECTRON-ELECTRON
RESONANCE 131 4.2.3.4 ESR DOUBLE QUANTUM COHERENCE EXPERIMENTS 133 4.2.4
DISTANCE AND ANGULAR CONSTRAINTS BY ESR OF SPIN PAIRS AT HIGH MAGNETIC
FIELDS 134 4.3 MULTIQUANTUM ESR 135 4.4 SPIN-LABELING ESR OF
MICROSCOPICALLY ALIGNED LIPID BILAYERS AND MEMBRANE PROTEINS 136 4.4.1
MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT OF LIPID BILAYERS ON PLANAR SURFACES 136 4.4.2
ALIGNMENT OF DISCOIDAL BILAYERED MICELLES BY MAGNETIC FORCES 138 4.4.3
NANOPORE-CONFINED CYLINDRICAL BILAYERS 139 4.5 SPIN-LABELING ESR AT HIGH
MAGNETIC FIELDS 141 4.5.1 SPIN-LABELING HF AND MULTIFREQUENCY ESR IN
STUDYING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 242 4.5.1.1 STOCHASTIC LIOUVILLE THEORY OF
SLOW MOTION ESR SPECTRA SIMULATIONS 143 4.5.1.2 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
SIMULATION METHODS 145 4.5.2 HIGH FIELD ESR IN STUDYING NITROXIDE
MICROENVIRONMENT 146 4.5.2.1 PROBING LOCAL POLARITY AND PROTICITY OF
MEMBRANE AND PROTEINS 146 4.5.2.2 SITE-DIRECTED PH-SENSITIVE
SPIN-LABELING: DIFFERENTIATING LOCAL PK AND POLARITY EFFECTS BY
HIGH-FIELD ESR 150 4.6 PERSPECTIVES 152 ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS 154 REFERENCES
154 5 PREPARATIONS, REACTIONS, AND PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONAL NITROXIDE
RADICALS 261 SH'M'ICHI NAKATSUJI 5.1 SHORT HISTORICAL SURVEY AND GENERAL
PREPARATIVE METHODS OF NRS 262 5.2 EARLY PROGRESS TOWARD FNRS FOR
ORGANIC MAGNETIC MATERIALS 164 5.3 ORGANIC FERROMAGNETS BASED ON NRS 265
5.4 CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES/RADICAL ION SALTS BASED ON NR 268 5.5
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS CARRYING NRS AND THE DERIVED CT COMPLEXES/RADICAL
SALTS 272 5.6 SUPRAMPOLECULAR SPIN SYSTEMS CARRYING NRS 175 5.7
PHOTOCHROMIC SPIN SYSTEMS CARRYING NRS 284 5.8 FNRS FOR BIOMEDICINAL
APPLICATIONS 292 5.9 FUNCTIONAL NITRONES 196 5.10 CONCLUSION 297
REFERENCES 198 CONTENTS IX 8 NIFROXICLE SPIN PROBES FOR STUDIES OF
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND MICROSTRUCTURE 205 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 6.1.
NITROXIDE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 205 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 205 6.1.2 MOLECULAR
DYNAMICS OF SURROUNDING MOLECULES 206 6.1.2.1 MICROVISCOSITY AND
FLUIDITY 206 6.1.2.2 MOTION OF MACROMOLES AS A WHOLE AND SEGMENTAL
DYNAMICS 207 6.1.2.3 LOW-AMPLITUDE HIGH-FREQUENCY MOTION AND PHONON
DYNAMICS 208 6.2 THE SPIN LABEL-SPIN PROBE METHODS 212 6.3 SPIN OXIMETRY
215 6.4 DETERMINATION OF THE IMMERSION DEPTH OF RADICAL AND FLOURESCENT
CENTERS 217 6.4.1 ANALYSIS OF POWER SATURATION CURVES IN SOLIDS BY CW
ESR 217 6.4.2 DETERMINATION OF DEPTH OF IMMERSION OF A LUMINESCENT
CHROMOPHORE AND A RADICAL USING DYNAMIC EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS 218 6.5
NITROXIDE AS POLARITY PROBES 220 6.6 ELECTROSTATIC EFFECTS IN MOLECULES
IN SOLUTIONS 221 6.6.1 EFFECT OF CHARGE ON DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
PROTONS AND A PARAMAGNETIC SPECIES 221 6.6.2 IMPACT OF CHARGE ON SPIN
EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RADICALS AND PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES 223
6.7 SPIN-TRIPLET-FLUORESCENCE-PHOTOCHROME METHOD 224 6.8 DUAL
FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDE AS MOLECULAR DYNAMICS PROBES 227 6.9 NITROXIDE
SPIN PH PROBES 230 6.10 NITROXIDES AS SPIN PROBES FOR SH GROUPS 231
REFERENCES 232 7 NITROXIDE REDOX PROBES AND TRAPS, NITRON SPIN TRAPS 239
GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 7.1 NITROXIDE REDOX PROBES 239 7.1.1 INTRODUCTION
239 7.1.2 QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT STATUS 240 7.1.3
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 242 7.1.3.1 SOD MIMETIC ACTIVITY 242 7.1.3.2 SPIN
TRAPPING BY NITROXIDES 244 7.2 NITRON SPIN TRAPPING 247 7.2.1
INTRODUCTION 247 7.2.2 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND REACTIONS OF NITRONES WITH
RADICALS 248 7.2.3 NON-RADICAL REACTIONS OF NITRONES 253 7.2.4 NITRIC
OXIDE TRAPPING 254 7.2.5 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF NITRON REACTIONS
254 7.3 DUAL FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDES (FNRO-) AS REDOX SENSORS AND SPIN
TRAPS 256 CONTENTS 7.3.1 INTRODUCTION 256 7 3 2 ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS 257 7.3.3 ANALYSIS OF SUPEROXIDE AND NITRIC OXIDE BY
PYREN-NITRONYL 261 7.3.3.1 SUPEROXIDE ANALYSIS 261 7.3.3.2 NITRIC OXIDE
ANALYSIS 262 7.3.4 DUAL MOLECULES AS SPIN TRAPS 263 REFERENCES 264 G
NITROXIDES IN PHYSICOCHEMISTRY 269 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 8.1 POLYMERS
269 8.1.1 INTRODUCTION 269 8.1.2 POLYMERIZATION: NITROXIDES MEDIATED
LIVING POLYMERIZATION (NMLP) 269 8.1.2.1 PHENOMENON OF AND CHEMISTRY OF
NITROXIDE MEDIATED LIVING POLYMERIZATION 270 8.1.2.2 THERMODYNAMIC AND
KINETICS 272 8.1.3 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND MICRO STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS
274 8.1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 274 8.1.3.2 POLYMERS SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS 276
8.1.3.3 SPATIAL AND ORIENTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF NITROXIDES 279 8.2
NITROXIDES IN PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOPHYSICS 279 8.2.1 FLUORESENCE
QUANCHING, PHOTOELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOREDUCTION 279 8.2.1.1 DUEL
FLUOROPHORE-NITROXIDE COMPOUNDS 279 8.2.1.2 NITROXIDES IN MULTISPIN
SYSTEMS 284 8.2.1.3 SPIN TRAPPING IN PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 285 8.3
COMPLEXES TRANSITION METALS WITH NITROXIDE LIGANDS 287 8.4 NITROXIDES IN
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 292 8.4.1 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT (LB) FILMS ON INORGANIC
SUBSTRATES 293 8.4.2 SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 294 8.4.3
NANOPARTICLES 295 8.4.4 LOCAL ACIDITY 296 REFERENCES 297 9 ORGANIC
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS CONTAINING CHIRAL NITROXIDE RADICAL UNITS 303 RUI
TAMURA 9.1 INTRODUCTION 303 9.2 SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF CHIRAL NRS
304 9.2.1 CHIRAL FIVE-MEMBERED CYCLIC NRS 304 9.2.1.1 CHIRAL OC-NNS 304
9.2.1.2 CHIRAL PROXYLS 305 9.2.1.3 CHIRAL DOXYLS 313 9.2.2 CHIRAL
SIX-MEMBERED CYCLIC NRS 314 CONTENTS I XS 9.2.3 MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
314 9.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL NRS IN THE SOLID STATE 315 9.3.1
CHIRAL NITOXIDE-MN^ COMPLEX MAGNETS 315 9.3.2 CHIRAL MULTISPIN SYSTEM
316 9.4 PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL NRS IN THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE STATE 318
9.4.1 DOXYL AND TEMPO LIQUID CRYSTALS 318 9.4.2 PROXYL LIQUID CRYSTALS
320 9.4.2.1 PHASE-TRANSITION BEHAVIOR 320 9.4.2.2 FERROELECTRIC
PROPERTIES 322 9.4.2.3 NONLINEAR MESOSCOPICAL-FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTION
S 323 9.5 APPLICATION OF REDOX PROPERTIES OF NRS 323 9.5.1 OXIDATION
CATALYST 323 9.5.1.1 ACHIRAL CATALYST 323 9.5.1.2 CHIRAL CATALYST 325
9.5.2 RADICAL BATTERY 325 9.6 CONCLUSION 326 REFERENCES 327 10 SPIN
LABELING IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 331 CERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 10.1
PROTEINS AND ENZYMES 331 10.1.1 INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND
CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION IN ENZYMES 332 10.1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 332
10.1.1.2 LOW-TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS 332 10.1.1.3 PROTEIN
DYNAMICS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 334 10.1.2 CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN
PROTEINS AND ENZYMES, AND MECHANISM OF INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS 336
10.1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE ENZYMES' ACTIVE CENTERS 338 10.1.4 SITE-DIRECTED
SPIN-LABELING (SDSL) 340 10.1.4.1 INTRODUCTION 340 10.1.4.2 SOLUBLE
PROTEINS 341 10.1.4.3 RHODOPSIN AND BACTERIORHODOPSIN 344 10.1.4.4
MUSCLE PROTEINS 344 10.1.4.5 MEMBRANE PROTEINS 345 10.2 BIOMEMBRANES 346
10.2.1 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 347 10.2.1.1 LOCATION OF LABELS, WATER,
AND OXYGEN IN MEMBRANES 347 10.2.1.2 MEMBRANE MICROSTRUCTURE 348 10.2.2
MEMBRANE DYNAMICS 349 10.2.3 PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN MEMBRANES 350 10.3
NUCLEIC ACIDS 354 10.3.1 INTRODUCTION 354 10.3.2 DNA 355 XII CONTENTS
10.3. 10.4 10.4. 10.4. .3 .1 .2 RNA 358 POLYSACCHRIDES AND DEXTRINS 360
COTTON AND CELLULOSE 360 CYCLODEXTRINS 362 REFERENCES 363 11 BIOMEDICAL
AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NITROXIDES 371 GERTZ I. LIKHTENSHTEIN 11.1
CELLS AND TISSUES. BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS 371 11.1.1 CELL MEMBRANE FLUIDITY
371 11.1.2 CELLS REDOX STATUS 372 11.1.3 NITROXIDES AS CELL PROTECTORS
373 11.2 NITROXIDES IN VIVO 374 11.2.1 INTRODUCTION 374 11.2.2 NITROXIDE
IN VIVO BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS 375 11.2.2.1 ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY OF NITROXIDES 375 11.2.2.2 DETECTION OF REACTIVE RADICALS:
SPIN-TRAPPING 376 11.2.2.3 SPIN FARMOKINETICS IN VIVO 378 11.2.2.4 SPIN
PH PROBING 380 11.2.2.5 SPIN IMAGING 381 11.2.2.6 NITROXIDE SPIN PROBE
OXIMETRY 383 11.3 MEDICAL APPLICATION OF NITROXIDES 385 11.3.1
NITROXIDES AND NITRONS AS DRUGS 385 11.3.2 PROTECTION IN ANIMAL MODEL
DISEASES 386 11.3.3 HUMAN DISEASES. THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS 388 11.3.4
NITROXIDES IN CLINICS 389 11.4 AREAS RELATED TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF
NITROXIDE APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICINE 391 REFERENCES 393 12 CONCLUSION
401 INDEX 405 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:21:30Z |
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| spelling | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science Gertz I. Likhtenshtein ... Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2008 XIX, 419 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Nitroxides Nitroxylradikal (DE-588)4171947-5 gnd rswk-swf Nitroxylradikal (DE-588)4171947-5 s DE-604 Lichtenštejn, Gerc I. 1934- Sonstige (DE-588)111849144 oth text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2982583&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext http://d-nb.info/984873163/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016577860&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science Nitroxides Nitroxylradikal (DE-588)4171947-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4171947-5 |
| title | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science |
| title_auth | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science |
| title_exact_search | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science |
| title_full | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science Gertz I. Likhtenshtein ... |
| title_fullStr | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science Gertz I. Likhtenshtein ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitroxides applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science Gertz I. Likhtenshtein ... |
| title_short | Nitroxides |
| title_sort | nitroxides applications in chemistry biomedicine and materials science |
| title_sub | applications in chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science |
| topic | Nitroxides Nitroxylradikal (DE-588)4171947-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nitroxides Nitroxylradikal |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2982583&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://d-nb.info/984873163/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016577860&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lichtenstejngerci nitroxidesapplicationsinchemistrybiomedicineandmaterialsscience |