Intellectual property and human rights: enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights
Gespeichert in:
| Vorheriger Titel: | Copyright and human rights |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Austin [u.a.]
Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Information law series
18 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 593 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789041126535 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Summary of Contents
Table of Contents xi
Foreword xxv
Parti
The Relationship between Intellectual Property
and Human Rights 1
Chapter 1
Intellectual Property and Human Rights: Learning
to Live Together 3
Prof. Daniel Gervais (Ottawa)
Chapter 2
The New Innovation Frontier? Intellectual Property
and the European Court of Human Rights 25
Prof. Larry Heifer (Vanderbilt)
Chapter 3
Challenges to the Development of a Human-Rights
Framework for Intellectual Property 77
Prof. Peter Yu (Drake University)
Chapter 4
The Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property 101
Dr Christophe Geiger (Munich)
viii Summary of Contents
Chapter 5
Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights:
Coinciding and Cooperating 133
Dr Estelle Derclaye (Nottingham)
Chapter 6
Proportionality and Balancing within the Objectives
for Intellectual Property Protection 161
Dr Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan (Munich)
Chapter 7
Copyright (and Other Intellectual Property Rights)
as a Human Right 195
Prof. Paul Torremans (Nottingham)
Part II
Copyright and Human Rights 217
Chapter 8
Copyright and Freedom of Expression in Canada 219
Prof. Ysolde Gendreau (Montreal)
Chapter 9
The Free Speech Benefits of Fair Dealing Defences 235
Patrick Masiyakurima (Aberdeen)
Chapter 10
Copyright Law Reform through a Human Rights Lens 257
Prof. Graeme Austin and Amy Zavidow (Arizona)
Chapter 11
The Conflict between the Human Right to Education
and Copyright 287
Prof. Sharon Foster (Arkansas)
Part III
Trade Marks, Related Rights and Human Rights 307
Chapter 12
Is There a Right to an Immoral Trade Mark? 309
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
Chapter 13
Trade Marks and Human Rights 335
Dr Andreas Ramathian (Leicester)
Summary of Contents ix
Chapter 14
Some Cultural Narrative Themes and Variations
in the Common Law 359
Dr Catherine Ng (Aberdeen)
Chapter 15
Geographical Indications and Human Rights 383
Dev Gangjee (LSE)
Part IV
Rights in Informations 397
Chapter 16
Recapturing Liberated Information: The Relationship
Between the United Kingdom s Freedom of Information
Act 2000 and Private Law Restraints on Disclosure 399
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
Chapter 17
Holding the Line - the Relationship between the Public
Interest and Remedies Granted or Refused, be it for
Breach of Confidence or Copyright 421
Prof. Alison Firth (Newcastle)
Chapter 18
Privacy, Confidentiality and Property 447
Prof. Peter Jaffey (Brunei)
Chapter 19
A Right of Privacy for Corporations? 475
Dr Tanya Aplin (King s College, London)
PartV
Patents and Human Rights 507
Chapter 20
Research on Human Embryos and Stem Cells: Weaving Ethical and
Religious Concerns into the Framework of Patent Law in Malaysia 509
Prof. Ida Madieha Bt. Abdul Ghani Azmi
(International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur)
Chapter 21
Human Rights Implications of Patenting Biotechnological
Knowledge 533
Jerzy Koopman (Utrecht)
Index 583
Table of Contents
Summary of Contents vii
Foreword xxv
Parti
The Relationship between Intellectual Property
and Human Rights 1
Chapter 1
Intellectual Property and Human Rights: Learning
to Live Together 3
Prof. Daniel Gervais (Ottawa)
I. Introduction 3
II. Intellectual Property as Trade Law 6
II.A The Alignment with Trade 6
II.B The Three-Step Test 8
II.B.l Certain Special Cases 8
II.B.2 Interference with Normal Commercial
Exploitation 9
II.B.3 Unreasonable Prejudice to Legitimate
Interests of Rights Holders 10
II.B.4 European InfoSoc Directive 11
II.C Exclusion of Moral Rights 11
in. Copyright s Internal Balance in the Mirror of
Human Rights 13
xii Table of Contents
IV. Intellectual Property and Human Rights:
The New Conflicts 19
V. Conclusion 22
Chapter 2
The New Innovation Frontier? Intellectual Property
and the European Court of Human Rights 25
Prof. Larry Heifer (Vanderbilt)
I. Introduction 25
II. European Convention on Human Rights and the
Right of Property 31
II.A Article 1 of Protocol 1: Protecting Peaceful
Enjoyment of Possessions 32
II.B The Subject Matter and Temporal Scope of the
Right of Property 33
II.C Interferences with Property 34
II.D Assessing the Legality of Interferences 34
III. Intellectual Property and the European Convention s
Right of Property: A Tripartite Framework for Analysis 36
III.A Is Intellectual Property Protected by Article 1? 37
III.B Literary and Artistic Works 38
III.B.l Dima v. Romania 39
III.B.2 Implications of Dima for the Protection of
Literary and Artistic Works 41
III.C Industrial Property 43
III.C.l Anheuser-Busch Inc. v. Portugal 43
III.C.2 The Significance of Anheuser-Busch s Extension
of Article 1 to Trademark Applications 48
III.D Has the State Interfered with a Possession? 51
III.D.l Restrictions on the Exercise of Intellectual
Property Rights 52
III.D.2 Interferences Resulting from Litigation
between Private Parties 52
III.D.2.a Adjudication of Intellectual
Property Contracts 53
III.D.2.b Rejection of Domestic Infringement
Claims 54
III.D.2.C Resolution of Competing
Ownership Claims 55
III.E Has the State Adequately Justified its Interference
with a Possession? 57
III.E. 1 Dependent Patent Compulsory Licenses 57
III.E.2 Other Exceptions and Limitations
to Exclusive Rights 58
Table of Contents xiii
IV. Forecasting the Future: Three Paradigms for ECHR
Adjudication of Intellectual Property Disputes 60
IV.A The Rule of Law Paradigm 60
IV.B The Enforcement Paradigm 64
IV.C The Intellectual Property Balancing Paradigm 70
V. Conclusion 76
Chapter 3
Challenges to the Development of a Human-Rights
Framework for Intellectual Property 77
Prof. Peter Yu (Drake University)
I. Introduction 77
II. The Human Rights Ratchet 80
III. Institutional Capture 87
IV. Cultural Bias 93
V. Conclusion 99
Chapter 4
The Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property 101
Dr Christophe Geiger (Munich)
I. Introduction 101
H. Constitutionalizing IP Law: A Way to Secure a Just
Balance of the Involved Interests 104
II.A The Guarantee of a Just Balance of Interests:
The Crucial Issue 104
II.B The Crisis of the Classical Foundations of IP Law:
The Copyright Example 107
II.C Fundamental Rights as a New Foundation
for IP Law 111
III. Consequences of Constitutionalizing IP Law 114
III.A Fundamental Rights as Guidelines for the
Application of IP Law 115
III.B Fundamental Rights as Guidelines for
Reorganizing IP Law 122
IV. Conclusion 131
Chapter 5
Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights:
Coinciding and Cooperating 133
Dr Estelle Derclaye (Nottingham)
I. Introduction 133
II. Intuitions 134
xiv Table of Contents
III. Philosophical Underpinnings 136
IV. The Myth Destroyed: There is no Conflict between
IPR and Human Rights 138
IV.A Listing the Conflicts 141
IV.B Legal Analysis of the Conflicts 141
IV.B.l Copyright and Related Rights 142
IV.B. La Copyright and the Right to
Freedom of Expression 142
IV.B.l.b Copyright and the Right to Privacy 144
IV.B.l.c Copyright and the Right to Health 146
IV.B.l.d Copyright and the Right
to Education 146
IV.B.2 Patents and Related Rights 147
IV.B.2.a Patents and the Right to Health 147
IV.B.2.b Patents and the Right to Life 149
IV.B.2.C Patents and the Right to Food 149
IV.B.3 Trademarks 150
IV.B.3.a Trademarks and the Right to
Freedom of Expression 150
IV.B.3.b Trademarks and the Right
to Privacy 152
IV.B.3.C Trademarks and the Right to
Non-discrimination 152
IV.B.4 Designs 152
IV.B.5 Conclusion 153
V. The Truth Revealed: IPR and Human Rights Coincide
or even Cooperate 154
V.A Copyright 155
V.A.I Copyright and the Right to the Respect of
One s Property 155
V.A.2 Copyright and the Right to Privacy 156
V.A.3 Copyright and the Right to Education 157
V.A.4 Copyright and the Right to Freedom of
Thought, Conscience and Religion 157
V.B Patents 158
V.B.I Patents and the Right to Freedom of Speech 158
V.B.2 Patents and the Right to Health 158
V.B.3 Patents and the Right to Food 158
V.C Trademarks 158
V.D IPR in General 158
V.D.I IPR and the Right to Development 158
V.D.2 IPR and the Right to a Safe and
Clean Environment 159
VI. Conclusion 159
Table of Contents xv
Chapter 6
Proportionality and Balancing within the Objectives
for Intellectual Property Protection 161
Dr Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan (Munich)
I. Introduction 161
II. The Need for Proportionality in the Context of International
Economic Regulation 164
III. TRIPS Objectives As Normative Input for the Balancing
Exercise 169
III.A The Preamble of Trips 170
III.B The Objectives under Article 7 Trips 173
III.B.l Balance of Interests 173
III.B.2 WTO Members Discretion to Exercise
Balancing 175
III.B.3 Legitimate Expectations of Interested
Trading Partners in the WTO 176
III.B.4 The Role of Object and Purpose in WTO
Treaty Interpretation 178
III.B.5 The Doha Declarations: Increasing the Relative
Importance of TRIPS Objectives? 181
III.B.5.a Formal Legal Status of the Doha
Declarations 183
III.B.5.b The Substance of the Declaration on
TRIPS and Public Health 185
III.B.5.c Conclusions: Double Counting and
Single Most Important Element 187
III.B .6 Re-evaluating Canada - Patents 187
IV. Concluding Remarks: The Case for a Balance of Interest
in its Wider Context 191
Chapter 7
Copyright (and Other Intellectual Property Rights)
as a Human Right 195
Prof. Paul Torremans (Nottingham)
I. Introduction 195
II. The Human Rights Approach to Copyright in
International Instruments 198
II.A The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 199
II.B The International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights 201
III. Other Intellectual Property Rights 204
IV. Balancing Private and Public Interests 206
IV.A The Need for a Balancing Act 206
xvi Table of Contents
IV.B Competition Principles as an Example 207
FV.B.l Principles and Justification 207
IV.B.2 Magill and IMS Health 210
IV.B.3 Not only Economic Considerations Count 211
V. Copyright s Relationship with other Human Rights 212
VI. Conclusion 214
Part II
Copyright and Human Rights 217
Chapter 8
Copyright and Freedom of Expression in Canada 219
Prof. Ysolde Gendreau (Montreal)
I. Introduction 219
II. Freedom of Expression within the Copyright Act 220
II. A Identity of the Protected Work 221
n.B Ownership 222
O.C Term of Protection 223
II.D Copyright Prerogatives 224
HI. The Canadian Charter and the Copyright Act 226
III.A Crown Copyright Material 227
III.B Fair Dealing 229
IV. Conclusion 232
Chapter 9
The Free Speech Benefits of Fair Dealing Defences 235
Patrick Masiyakurima (Aberdeen)
I. Introduction 235
II. Incentives for Creating Socially Useful Expressions 237
III. Self-Actualization 244
IV. Expressive Autonomy 247
V. Conclusion 252
Chapter 10
Copyright Law Reform through a Human Rights Lens 257
Prof. Graeme Austin and Amy Zavidow (Arizona)
I. Introduction 257
II. Creators Human Rights 261
II.A The Human Rights Turn in Intellectual Property 261
II.B Creators Rights as Human Rights 265
Table of Contents xvii
III. Domestic Law Reform Proposals Viewed through
a Human Rights Lens 273
III.A Domestic Law Reform Proposals 273
III.A.I Jettisoning the Reproduction Right 273
III.A.2 Resurrecting Formalities 274
III.A.3 Constraining the Derivative Works Right 276
III.A.4 Public International Law and Domestic
Law Reform 277
III.AAa Public International Intellectual
Property Law 277
III.AAb International Human Rights Law 280
IV. Conclusion 284
Chapter 11
The Conflict between the Human Right to Education
and Copyright 287
Prof. Sharon Foster (Arkansas)
I. Introduction 287
II. The Foundation for the Human Right of Education:
The United Nations Charter and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 289
III. Applicable Treaties and Conventions on the Right to
Education and How They Have Been Interpreted 292
III.A ThelCESCR 293
III.B The Convention on the Rights of the
Child (CRC) 294
IV. Applicable Human Rights Treaties on Authors Moral
and Material Interests 294
IV.A Article 27 of the UDHR Specifies that the
Moral and Material Interests of Authors
are a Human Right 295
IV.B Article 15 of the ICESCR Specifies that the
Moral and Material Interests of Authors
are a Human Right 297
V. TRIPS Interpreted 299
VI. The Internal Conflict 303
VII. The External Conflict 304
VIII. The False Conflict 305
IX. Conclusion 306
xviii Table of Contents
Part III
Trade Marks, Related Rights and Human Rights 307
Chapter 12
Is There a Right to an Immoral Trade Mark? 309
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
I. Introduction - Freedom of Expression and the
Law of Trade Marks 309
II. Marks Contrary to Public Policy and Morality -
United Kingdom and Community Law 311
III. Application of the Morality and Public Policy
Exclusion - Cases from the United Kingdom 313
III.A Cases decided by the Lord Chancellor s
Appointed Person 313
III.B Decisions of the Registrar 318
IV. Cases under the Community Trade Mark Regulation 320
IV.A Dick Lexic Ltd s Application 320
IV.B Application of Kenneth (Trading as Screw You) 321
V. The Impact of Freedom of Expression 322
V.A The Scope and Status of Article 10 323
V.B The Application of Article 10 in Immorality/Public
Policy Cases 324
VI. Has Article 10 Been Correctly Applied? 328
VI.A Is Expression at Issue at all? 328
VLB Does Refusal to Register a Mark Constitute
an Interference with the Right Protected
by Article 10? 329
VI.C Is it Necessary in a Democratic Society
to Refuse Registration? 331
VII. Conclusion 333
Chapter 13
Trade Marks and Human Rights 335
Dr Andreas Ramathian (Leicester)
I. Introduction: The Relevance of Human Rights to
Trade Mark Law 335
II. Nature and Function of Trade Marks 338
III. Which Human Rights Regime Applies and
what is its Effect? 340
IV. Human Rights Relevant to Trade Marks 345
IV.A Protection of Property 345
IV.B Freedom of Expression 347
IV.B.l Use of the Trade Mark by the Proprietor 348
Table of Contents xix
IV.B.2 Use of the Trade Mark against the
Proprietor: Parody and Criticism 348
IV.B.2.a Europe 348
IV.B.2.b United States 351
IV.C Protection of Privacy and Reputation 353
IV.D Right to Fair Working Conditions 353
IV.E Right to Self-Determination/Minority
Culture Protection 355
IV.F Other Relevant Rights 356
V. Conclusion 356
Chapter 14
Some Cultural Narrative Themes and Variations
in the Common Law 359
Dr Catherine Ng (Aberdeen)
359
360
362
362
366
370
376
380
Chapter 15
Geographical Indications and Human Rights 383
Dev Gangjee (USE)
I. Introduction 383
II. Geographical Indications as the Objects of Intellectual
Property Law 384
II.A What is a Geographical Indication? 384
II.B Similarities with Trade Marks 385
II.C Differences in Scope 387
III. Geographical Indications and Cultural Heritage 391
IV. Conclusion 395
I. Introduction
II. The Issue
III. Overview
IV. The Law of Passing-Off
V. The Common Law against Appropriation
of Personality
VI. A Common Law Right of Privacy
VII. Collective Rights
VIII. Conclusion
xx Table of Contents
Part IV
Rights in Informations 397
Chapter 16
Recapturing Liberated Information: The Relationship
Between the United Kingdom s Freedom of Information
Act 2000 and Private Law Restraints on Disclosure 399
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
I. Introduction 399
II. Access to Information under FOIA 2000 - an Introduction 400
III. Potential Private Law Claims Arising from Disclosure 402
IV. Statutory Immunity in Other Jurisdictions 404
IV.A Australia 405
IV.B New Zealand 406
IV.C Canada 407
IV.D Ireland 408
IV.E Common Principles 408
V. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 - Relationship
with Private Rights 410
V.A Defamation 410
V.B Breach of Confidence 412
V.C Copyright 415
VI. Potential Problems Arising as a Result of the Limited
Statutory Immunity Granted under FOIA 2000 418
VI.A Problems for Public Authorities 418
VLB Problems for Authors/Suppliers 419
VI.C Problems for Applicants 419
VII. Conclusion 419
Chapter 17
Holding the Line - the Relationship between the Public
Interest and Remedies Granted or Refused, be it for
Breach of Confidence or Copyright 421
Prof. Alison Firth (Newcastle)
I. Introduction 421
II. Copyright, Breach of Confidence and other Causes of Action 423
III. Guardians of the Public Interest 424
IV. Ricketson s Spectrum 425
V. The Public Interest 427
VI. Public Interest - The Exception or the Rule? 428
VII. Copyright, Competition Law and the Three-Step Test 434
VIII. Exclusivity Versus Right to Remuneration 438
IX. Exclusive Right or Right to Remuneration Versus Free Use 441
Table of Contents xxi
X. Free Use Versus No Protection 444
XI. Conclusion 446
Chapter 18
Privacy, Confidentiality and Property 447
Prof. Peter Jaffey (Brunei)
I. Introduction 447
II. Privacy and Confidentiality 448
II.A The Law of Confidentiality 448
II.B The Limits of Informational Privacy 452
II.C Informational Privacy and the Blockbuster
Tort Objection 455
III. Confidentiality as the Ownership of Trade Secrets 459
IV. Privacy, Defamation and False Light Portrayal 461
IV.A Privacy and Defamation 461
IV.B False Light Portrayal 463
V. Publicity and Merchandising 464
V.A Privacy as the Ownership of Image:
The Right of Publicity 464
V.B Trade Marks: The Information Function 465
V.C The Non-information-related Image Function
of a Trade Mark 466
V.D Protecting Images for Merchandising through
the Law of Trade Marks 467
VI. Intellectual Property and the Ownership of Intangibles 468
VII. Conclusion 472
Chapter 19
A Right of Privacy for Corporations? 475
Dr Tanya Aplin (King s College, London)
I. Introduction 475
II. Recent Developments in the English Law of Confidence 476
III. Article 8 Jurisprudence and its Impact on English Law 481
IV. Comparative Experiences: Australia, New Zealand
and the United States 487
IV.A Australia 487
IV.B New Zealand 489
IV.C United States 490
V. Arguments against Recognizing a Right of Privacy
for Corporations 493
V.A Nature of Corporations and the Harm they Suffer 493
V.B Other Satisfactory Means of Protecting Corporate Privacy 499
VI. Conclusion 505
xxii Table of Contents
PartV
Patents and Human Rights 507
Chapter 20
Research on Human Embryos and Stem Cells: Weaving
Ethical and Religious Concerns into the Framework
of Patent Law in Malaysia 509
Prof. Ida Madieha Bt. Abdul Ghani Azmi
(International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur)
I. Introduction 509
II. Malaysia and UK (and Europe) 510
III. Identifying Norms of Ethics and Morality 512
IV. Maslaha and Genetic Research 514
V. Limits of Science: Bioethics and Lessons from the Koran 516
VI. Islam and Embryo Research 518
VII. Commercialization of Human Body and Human Body Parts 526
VIII. Malaysian Practices on Research Involving Human
Embryo and Stem Cells 527
IX. How to Marry Patents and Religious Perceptions
of Ethics and Morality? 530
Chapter 21
Human Rights Implications of Patenting Biotechnological
Knowledge 533
Jerzy Koopman (Utrecht)
I. Introduction: Emerging Tensions between Legal Regimes 533
n. Human Rights Law 535
II.A Character and Rationale 535
II.B Development and System 538
II.C Authority and Reach 539
III. European Patent Law 541
III.A Character and Rationale 541
III.B Development and System 543
III.C Authority and Reach 545
m.C.1 TRIPS 545
m.C.2 EPC 547
IV. Proprietary Enclosure in the Life Sciences 551
V. Social Issues and Human Rights Implications 553
V.A Social Issues 553
V.B Patenting Life 554
V.C Issues that Implicate Human Rights:
From Dignity to Piracy 557
Table of Contents xxiii
VI. Appropriation of Traditional Knowledge 558
VI.A Traditional Medical Knowledge 558
VLB Unpatentability of Traditional Knowledge 560
VI.C Appropriation by Outsiders Use and Patenting 562
VI.D Traditional Knowledge Holders Wishes
and Human Rights 565
VII. Human Rights Violations by Appropriation of
Traditional Knowledge? 566
VILA Rights against Deprivation of Property 566
VII.B Applicability and Issues 567
VII.C Related Initiative: Disclosure Requirements 570
VIII. Human Rights Violations by the Unpatentability
of Traditional Knowledge? 571
VIII.A Article 15(l)(c) ICESCR: On Authors and
their Productions 571
VIII.B General Comment No. 17: Clarifying the Right 572
VIII.B.l A Human Right to Proprietarise? 572
VIII.B.2 Particular Benefits to Indigenous
Knowledge Holders 575
VIII.B.3 Restricting Patent Law but Expanding
Inventors Rights? 577
VIII.B.4 New Conflicts: Battles of Human Rights! 578
IX. Concluding Remarks 579
Index 583
|
| adam_txt |
Summary of Contents
Table of Contents xi
Foreword xxv
Parti
The Relationship between Intellectual Property
and Human Rights 1
Chapter 1
Intellectual Property and Human Rights: Learning
to Live Together 3
Prof. Daniel Gervais (Ottawa)
Chapter 2
The New Innovation Frontier? Intellectual Property
and the European Court of Human Rights 25
Prof. Larry Heifer (Vanderbilt)
Chapter 3
Challenges to the Development of a Human-Rights
Framework for Intellectual Property 77
Prof. Peter Yu (Drake University)
Chapter 4
The Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property 101
Dr Christophe Geiger (Munich)
viii Summary of Contents
Chapter 5
Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights:
Coinciding and Cooperating 133
Dr Estelle Derclaye (Nottingham)
Chapter 6
Proportionality and Balancing within the Objectives
for Intellectual Property Protection 161
Dr Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan (Munich)
Chapter 7
Copyright (and Other Intellectual Property Rights)
as a Human Right 195
Prof. Paul Torremans (Nottingham)
Part II
Copyright and Human Rights 217
Chapter 8
Copyright and Freedom of Expression in Canada 219
Prof. Ysolde Gendreau (Montreal)
Chapter 9
The Free Speech Benefits of Fair Dealing Defences 235
Patrick Masiyakurima (Aberdeen)
Chapter 10
Copyright Law Reform through a Human Rights Lens 257
Prof. Graeme Austin and Amy Zavidow (Arizona)
Chapter 11
The Conflict between the Human Right to Education
and Copyright 287
Prof. Sharon Foster (Arkansas)
Part III
Trade Marks, Related Rights and Human Rights 307
Chapter 12
Is There a Right to an Immoral Trade Mark? 309
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
Chapter 13
Trade Marks and Human Rights 335
Dr Andreas Ramathian (Leicester)
Summary of Contents ix
Chapter 14
Some Cultural Narrative Themes and Variations
in the Common Law 359
Dr Catherine Ng (Aberdeen)
Chapter 15
Geographical Indications and Human Rights 383
Dev Gangjee (LSE)
Part IV
Rights in Informations 397
Chapter 16
Recapturing Liberated Information: The Relationship
Between the United Kingdom's Freedom of Information
Act 2000 and Private Law Restraints on Disclosure 399
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
Chapter 17
'Holding the Line' - the Relationship between the Public
Interest and Remedies Granted or Refused, be it for
Breach of Confidence or Copyright 421
Prof. Alison Firth (Newcastle)
Chapter 18
Privacy, Confidentiality and Property 447
Prof. Peter Jaffey (Brunei)
Chapter 19
A Right of Privacy for Corporations? 475
Dr Tanya Aplin (King's College, London)
PartV
Patents and Human Rights 507
Chapter 20
Research on Human Embryos and Stem Cells: Weaving Ethical and
Religious Concerns into the Framework of Patent Law in Malaysia 509
Prof. Ida Madieha Bt. Abdul Ghani Azmi
(International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur)
Chapter 21
Human Rights Implications of Patenting Biotechnological
Knowledge 533
Jerzy Koopman (Utrecht)
Index 583
Table of Contents
Summary of Contents vii
Foreword xxv
Parti
The Relationship between Intellectual Property
and Human Rights 1
Chapter 1
Intellectual Property and Human Rights: Learning
to Live Together 3
Prof. Daniel Gervais (Ottawa)
I. Introduction 3
II. Intellectual Property as Trade Law 6
II.A The Alignment with Trade 6
II.B The Three-Step Test 8
II.B.l 'Certain Special Cases' 8
II.B.2 Interference with Normal Commercial
Exploitation 9
II.B.3 Unreasonable Prejudice to Legitimate
Interests of Rights Holders 10
II.B.4 European 'InfoSoc' Directive 11
II.C Exclusion of Moral Rights 11
in. Copyright's Internal Balance in the Mirror of
Human Rights 13
xii Table of Contents
IV. Intellectual Property and Human Rights:
The New Conflicts 19
V. Conclusion 22
Chapter 2
The New Innovation Frontier? Intellectual Property
and the European Court of Human Rights 25
Prof. Larry Heifer (Vanderbilt)
I. Introduction 25
II. European Convention on Human Rights and the
Right of Property 31
II.A Article 1 of Protocol 1: Protecting Peaceful
Enjoyment of Possessions 32
II.B The Subject Matter and Temporal Scope of the
Right of Property 33
II.C Interferences with Property 34
II.D Assessing the Legality of Interferences 34
III. Intellectual Property and the European Convention's
Right of Property: A Tripartite Framework for Analysis 36
III.A Is Intellectual Property Protected by Article 1? 37
III.B Literary and Artistic Works 38
III.B.l Dima v. Romania 39
III.B.2 Implications of Dima for the Protection of
Literary and Artistic Works 41
III.C Industrial Property 43
III.C.l Anheuser-Busch Inc. v. Portugal 43
III.C.2 The Significance of Anheuser-Busch's Extension
of Article 1 to Trademark Applications 48
III.D Has the State Interfered with a Possession? 51
III.D.l Restrictions on the Exercise of Intellectual
Property Rights 52
III.D.2 Interferences Resulting from Litigation
between Private Parties 52
III.D.2.a Adjudication of Intellectual
Property Contracts 53
III.D.2.b Rejection of Domestic Infringement
Claims 54
III.D.2.C Resolution of Competing
Ownership Claims 55
III.E Has the State Adequately Justified its Interference
with a Possession? 57
III.E. 1 Dependent Patent Compulsory Licenses 57
III.E.2 Other Exceptions and Limitations
to Exclusive Rights 58
Table of Contents xiii
IV. Forecasting the Future: Three Paradigms for ECHR
Adjudication of Intellectual Property Disputes 60
IV.A The Rule of Law Paradigm 60
IV.B The Enforcement Paradigm 64
IV.C The Intellectual Property Balancing Paradigm 70
V. Conclusion 76
Chapter 3
Challenges to the Development of a Human-Rights
Framework for Intellectual Property 77
Prof. Peter Yu (Drake University)
I. Introduction 77
II. The 'Human Rights' Ratchet 80
III. Institutional Capture 87
IV. Cultural Bias 93
V. Conclusion 99
Chapter 4
The Constitutional Dimension of Intellectual Property 101
Dr Christophe Geiger (Munich)
I. Introduction 101
H. Constitutionalizing IP Law: A Way to Secure a Just
Balance of the Involved Interests 104
II.A The Guarantee of a Just Balance of Interests:
The Crucial Issue 104
II.B The Crisis of the Classical Foundations of IP Law:
The Copyright Example 107
II.C Fundamental Rights as a New Foundation
for IP Law 111
III. Consequences of'Constitutionalizing'IP Law 114
III.A Fundamental Rights as Guidelines for the
Application of IP Law 115
III.B Fundamental Rights as Guidelines for
Reorganizing IP Law 122
IV. Conclusion 131
Chapter 5
Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights:
Coinciding and Cooperating 133
Dr Estelle Derclaye (Nottingham)
I. Introduction 133
II. Intuitions 134
xiv Table of Contents
III. Philosophical Underpinnings 136
IV. The Myth Destroyed: There is no Conflict between
IPR and Human Rights 138
IV.A Listing the 'Conflicts' 141
IV.B Legal Analysis of the 'Conflicts' 141
IV.B.l Copyright and Related Rights 142
IV.B. La Copyright and the Right to
Freedom of Expression 142
IV.B.l.b Copyright and the Right to Privacy 144
IV.B.l.c Copyright and the Right to Health 146
IV.B.l.d Copyright and the Right
to Education 146
IV.B.2 Patents and Related Rights 147
IV.B.2.a Patents and the Right to Health 147
IV.B.2.b Patents and the Right to Life 149
IV.B.2.C Patents and the Right to Food 149
IV.B.3 Trademarks 150
IV.B.3.a Trademarks and the Right to
Freedom of Expression 150
IV.B.3.b Trademarks and the Right
to Privacy 152
IV.B.3.C Trademarks and the Right to
Non-discrimination 152
IV.B.4 Designs 152
IV.B.5 Conclusion 153
V. The Truth Revealed: IPR and Human Rights Coincide
or even Cooperate 154
V.A Copyright 155
V.A.I Copyright and the Right to the Respect of
One's Property 155
V.A.2 Copyright and the Right to Privacy 156
V.A.3 Copyright and the Right to Education 157
V.A.4 Copyright and the Right to Freedom of
Thought, Conscience and Religion 157
V.B Patents 158
V.B.I Patents and the Right to Freedom of Speech 158
V.B.2 Patents and the Right to Health 158
V.B.3 Patents and the Right to Food 158
V.C Trademarks 158
V.D IPR in General 158
V.D.I IPR and the Right to Development 158
V.D.2 IPR and the Right to a Safe and
Clean Environment 159
VI. Conclusion 159
Table of Contents xv
Chapter 6
Proportionality and Balancing within the Objectives
for Intellectual Property Protection 161
Dr Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan (Munich)
I. Introduction 161
II. The Need for Proportionality in the Context of International
Economic Regulation 164
III. TRIPS Objectives As Normative Input for the Balancing
Exercise 169
III.A The Preamble of Trips 170
III.B The Objectives under Article 7 Trips 173
III.B.l Balance of Interests 173
III.B.2 WTO Members Discretion to Exercise
Balancing 175
III.B.3 Legitimate Expectations of Interested
Trading Partners in the WTO 176
III.B.4 The Role of 'Object and Purpose' in WTO
Treaty Interpretation 178
III.B.5 The Doha Declarations: Increasing the Relative
Importance of TRIPS Objectives? 181
III.B.5.a Formal Legal Status of the Doha
Declarations 183
III.B.5.b The Substance of the Declaration on
TRIPS and Public Health 185
III.B.5.c Conclusions: Double Counting and
Single Most Important Element 187
III.B .6 Re-evaluating Canada - Patents 187
IV. Concluding Remarks: The Case for a Balance of Interest
in its Wider Context 191
Chapter 7
Copyright (and Other Intellectual Property Rights)
as a Human Right 195
Prof. Paul Torremans (Nottingham)
I. Introduction 195
II. The Human Rights Approach to Copyright in
International Instruments 198
II.A The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 199
II.B The International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights 201
III. Other Intellectual Property Rights 204
IV. Balancing Private and Public Interests 206
IV.A The Need for a Balancing Act 206
xvi Table of Contents
IV.B Competition Principles as an Example 207
FV.B.l Principles and Justification 207
IV.B.2 Magill and IMS Health 210
IV.B.3 Not only Economic Considerations Count 211
V. Copyright's Relationship with other Human Rights 212
VI. Conclusion 214
Part II
Copyright and Human Rights 217
Chapter 8
Copyright and Freedom of Expression in Canada 219
Prof. Ysolde Gendreau (Montreal)
I. Introduction 219
II. Freedom of Expression within the Copyright Act 220
II. A Identity of the Protected Work 221
n.B Ownership 222
O.C Term of Protection 223
II.D Copyright Prerogatives 224
HI. The Canadian Charter and the Copyright Act 226
III.A Crown Copyright Material 227
III.B Fair Dealing 229
IV. Conclusion 232
Chapter 9
The Free Speech Benefits of Fair Dealing Defences 235
Patrick Masiyakurima (Aberdeen)
I. Introduction 235
II. Incentives for Creating Socially Useful Expressions 237
III. Self-Actualization 244
IV. Expressive Autonomy 247
V. Conclusion 252
Chapter 10
Copyright Law Reform through a Human Rights Lens 257
Prof. Graeme Austin and Amy Zavidow (Arizona)
I. Introduction 257
II. Creators' Human Rights 261
II.A The Human Rights Turn in Intellectual Property 261
II.B Creators' Rights as Human Rights 265
Table of Contents xvii
III. Domestic Law Reform Proposals Viewed through
a Human Rights Lens 273
III.A Domestic Law Reform Proposals 273
III.A.I Jettisoning the Reproduction Right 273
III.A.2 Resurrecting Formalities 274
III.A.3 Constraining the Derivative Works Right 276
III.A.4 Public International Law and Domestic
Law Reform 277
III.AAa Public International Intellectual
Property Law 277
III.AAb International Human Rights Law 280
IV. Conclusion 284
Chapter 11
The Conflict between the Human Right to Education
and Copyright 287
Prof. Sharon Foster (Arkansas)
I. Introduction 287
II. The Foundation for the Human Right of Education:
The United Nations Charter and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 289
III. Applicable Treaties and Conventions on the Right to
Education and How They Have Been Interpreted 292
III.A ThelCESCR 293
III.B The Convention on the Rights of the
Child (CRC) 294
IV. Applicable Human Rights Treaties on Authors Moral
and Material Interests 294
IV.A Article 27 of the UDHR Specifies that the
Moral and Material Interests of Authors
are a Human Right 295
IV.B Article 15 of the ICESCR Specifies that the
Moral and Material Interests of Authors
are a Human Right 297
V. TRIPS Interpreted 299
VI. The Internal Conflict 303
VII. The External Conflict 304
VIII. The False Conflict 305
IX. Conclusion 306
xviii Table of Contents
Part III
Trade Marks, Related Rights and Human Rights 307
Chapter 12
Is There a Right to an Immoral Trade Mark? 309
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
I. Introduction - Freedom of Expression and the
Law of Trade Marks 309
II. Marks Contrary to Public Policy and Morality -
United Kingdom and Community Law 311
III. Application of the Morality and Public Policy
Exclusion - Cases from the United Kingdom 313
III.A Cases decided by the Lord Chancellor's
Appointed Person 313
III.B Decisions of the Registrar 318
IV. Cases under the Community Trade Mark Regulation 320
IV.A Dick Lexic Ltd's Application 320
IV.B Application of Kenneth (Trading as Screw You) 321
V. The Impact of Freedom of Expression 322
V.A The Scope and Status of Article 10 323
V.B The Application of Article 10 in Immorality/Public
Policy Cases 324
VI. Has Article 10 Been Correctly Applied? 328
VI.A Is 'Expression' at Issue at all? 328
VLB Does Refusal to Register a Mark Constitute
an Interference with the Right Protected
by Article 10? 329
VI.C Is it 'Necessary in a Democratic Society'
to Refuse Registration? 331
VII. Conclusion 333
Chapter 13
Trade Marks and Human Rights 335
Dr Andreas Ramathian (Leicester)
I. Introduction: The Relevance of Human Rights to
Trade Mark Law 335
II. Nature and Function of Trade Marks 338
III. Which Human Rights Regime Applies and
what is its Effect? 340
IV. Human Rights Relevant to Trade Marks 345
IV.A Protection of Property 345
IV.B Freedom of Expression 347
IV.B.l Use of the Trade Mark by the Proprietor 348
Table of Contents xix
IV.B.2 Use of the Trade Mark against the
Proprietor: Parody and Criticism 348
IV.B.2.a Europe 348
IV.B.2.b United States 351
IV.C Protection of Privacy and Reputation 353
IV.D Right to Fair Working Conditions 353
IV.E Right to Self-Determination/Minority
Culture Protection 355
IV.F Other Relevant Rights 356
V. Conclusion 356
Chapter 14
Some Cultural Narrative Themes and Variations
in the Common Law 359
Dr Catherine Ng (Aberdeen)
359
360
362
362
366
370
376
380
Chapter 15
Geographical Indications and Human Rights 383
Dev Gangjee (USE)
I. Introduction 383
II. Geographical Indications as the Objects of Intellectual
Property Law 384
II.A What is a Geographical Indication? 384
II.B Similarities with Trade Marks 385
II.C Differences in Scope 387
III. Geographical Indications and Cultural Heritage 391
IV. Conclusion 395
I. Introduction
II. The Issue
III. Overview
IV. The Law of Passing-Off
V. The Common Law against Appropriation
of Personality
VI. A Common Law Right of Privacy
VII. Collective Rights
VIII. Conclusion
xx Table of Contents
Part IV
Rights in Informations 397
Chapter 16
Recapturing Liberated Information: The Relationship
Between the United Kingdom's Freedom of Information
Act 2000 and Private Law Restraints on Disclosure 399
Jonathan Griffiths (Queen Mary College, London)
I. Introduction 399
II. Access to Information under FOIA 2000 - an Introduction 400
III. Potential Private Law Claims Arising from Disclosure 402
IV. Statutory Immunity in Other Jurisdictions 404
IV.A Australia 405
IV.B New Zealand 406
IV.C Canada 407
IV.D Ireland 408
IV.E Common Principles 408
V. The Freedom of Information Act 2000 - Relationship
with Private Rights 410
V.A Defamation 410
V.B Breach of Confidence 412
V.C Copyright 415
VI. Potential Problems Arising as a Result of the Limited
Statutory Immunity Granted under FOIA 2000 418
VI.A Problems for Public Authorities 418
VLB Problems for Authors/Suppliers 419
VI.C Problems for Applicants 419
VII. Conclusion 419
Chapter 17
'Holding the Line' - the Relationship between the Public
Interest and Remedies Granted or Refused, be it for
Breach of Confidence or Copyright 421
Prof. Alison Firth (Newcastle)
I. Introduction 421
II. Copyright, Breach of Confidence and other Causes of Action 423
III. Guardians of the Public Interest 424
IV. Ricketson's Spectrum 425
V. The Public Interest 427
VI. Public Interest - The Exception or the Rule? 428
VII. Copyright, Competition Law and the Three-Step Test 434
VIII. Exclusivity Versus Right to Remuneration 438
IX. Exclusive Right or Right to Remuneration Versus Free Use 441
Table of Contents xxi
X. Free Use Versus No Protection 444
XI. Conclusion 446
Chapter 18
Privacy, Confidentiality and Property 447
Prof. Peter Jaffey (Brunei)
I. Introduction 447
II. Privacy and Confidentiality 448
II.A The Law of Confidentiality 448
II.B The Limits of Informational Privacy 452
II.C Informational Privacy and the 'Blockbuster
Tort' Objection 455
III. Confidentiality as the Ownership of Trade Secrets 459
IV. Privacy, Defamation and 'False Light' Portrayal 461
IV.A Privacy and Defamation 461
IV.B 'False Light' Portrayal 463
V. Publicity and Merchandising 464
V.A Privacy as the Ownership of Image:
The Right of Publicity 464
V.B Trade Marks: The Information Function 465
V.C The Non-information-related 'Image' Function
of a Trade Mark 466
V.D Protecting Images for Merchandising through
the Law of Trade Marks 467
VI. Intellectual Property and the Ownership of Intangibles 468
VII. Conclusion 472
Chapter 19
A Right of Privacy for Corporations? 475
Dr Tanya Aplin (King's College, London)
I. Introduction 475
II. Recent Developments in the English Law of Confidence 476
III. Article 8 Jurisprudence and its Impact on English Law 481
IV. Comparative Experiences: Australia, New Zealand
and the United States 487
IV.A Australia 487
IV.B New Zealand 489
IV.C United States 490
V. Arguments against Recognizing a Right of Privacy
for Corporations 493
V.A Nature of Corporations and the Harm they Suffer 493
V.B Other Satisfactory Means of Protecting Corporate 'Privacy' 499
VI. Conclusion 505
xxii Table of Contents
PartV
Patents and Human Rights 507
Chapter 20
Research on Human Embryos and Stem Cells: Weaving
Ethical and Religious Concerns into the Framework
of Patent Law in Malaysia 509
Prof. Ida Madieha Bt. Abdul Ghani Azmi
(International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur)
I. Introduction 509
II. Malaysia and UK (and Europe) 510
III. Identifying Norms of Ethics and Morality 512
IV. Maslaha and Genetic Research 514
V. Limits of Science: Bioethics and Lessons from the Koran 516
VI. Islam and Embryo Research 518
VII. Commercialization of Human Body and Human Body Parts 526
VIII. Malaysian Practices on Research Involving Human
Embryo and Stem Cells 527
IX. How to Marry Patents and Religious Perceptions
of Ethics and Morality? 530
Chapter 21
Human Rights Implications of Patenting Biotechnological
Knowledge 533
Jerzy Koopman (Utrecht)
I. Introduction: Emerging Tensions between Legal Regimes 533
n. Human Rights Law 535
II.A Character and Rationale 535
II.B Development and System 538
II.C Authority and Reach 539
III. European Patent Law 541
III.A Character and Rationale 541
III.B Development and System 543
III.C Authority and Reach 545
m.C.1 TRIPS 545
m.C.2 EPC 547
IV. Proprietary Enclosure in the Life Sciences 551
V. Social Issues and Human Rights Implications 553
V.A Social Issues 553
V.B 'Patenting Life' 554
V.C Issues that Implicate Human Rights:
From Dignity to Piracy 557
Table of Contents xxiii
VI. Appropriation of Traditional Knowledge 558
VI.A Traditional Medical Knowledge 558
VLB Unpatentability of Traditional Knowledge 560
VI.C Appropriation by Outsiders' Use and Patenting 562
VI.D Traditional Knowledge Holders' Wishes
and Human Rights 565
VII. Human Rights Violations by Appropriation of
Traditional Knowledge? 566
VILA Rights against Deprivation of Property 566
VII.B Applicability and Issues 567
VII.C Related Initiative: Disclosure Requirements 570
VIII. Human Rights Violations by the Unpatentability
of Traditional Knowledge? 571
VIII.A Article 15(l)(c) ICESCR: On 'Authors' and
their 'Productions' 571
VIII.B General Comment No. 17: Clarifying the Right 572
VIII.B.l A Human Right to Proprietarise? 572
VIII.B.2 Particular Benefits to Indigenous
Knowledge Holders 575
VIII.B.3 Restricting Patent Law but Expanding
Inventors' Rights? 577
VIII.B.4 New Conflicts: Battles of Human Rights! 578
IX. Concluding Remarks 579
Index 583 |
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| series | Information law series |
| series2 | Information law series |
| spelling | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights ed. by Paul L. C. Torremans Austin [u.a.] Wolters Kluwer Law & Business 2008 XXVI, 593 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Information law series 18 Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd rswk-swf Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd rswk-swf Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Redefreiheit (DE-588)4177296-9 gnd rswk-swf Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd rswk-swf Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 s Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 s Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 s DE-604 Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s Redefreiheit (DE-588)4177296-9 s DE-188 Torremans, Paul 1965- Sonstige (DE-588)124315070 oth Früher u.d.T. Copyright and human rights Information law series 18 (DE-604)BV004573729 18 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016574254&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights Information law series Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Redefreiheit (DE-588)4177296-9 gnd Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136832-0 (DE-588)4123980-5 (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4177296-9 (DE-588)4074725-6 (DE-588)4062127-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights |
| title_auth | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights |
| title_exact_search | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights |
| title_full | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights ed. by Paul L. C. Torremans |
| title_fullStr | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights ed. by Paul L. C. Torremans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights ed. by Paul L. C. Torremans |
| title_old | Copyright and human rights |
| title_short | Intellectual property and human rights |
| title_sort | intellectual property and human rights enhanced edition of copyright and human rights |
| title_sub | enhanced edition of Copyright and human rights |
| topic | Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Redefreiheit (DE-588)4177296-9 gnd Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geistiges Eigentum Privatsphäre Recht Redefreiheit Menschenrecht Urheberrecht Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016574254&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV004573729 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT torremanspaul intellectualpropertyandhumanrightsenhancededitionofcopyrightandhumanrights |