Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Paris
OECD
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Angekündigt u.d.T.: Selected environmental policy challenges |
| Beschreibung: | 213 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789264045774 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Selected environmental policy challenges |
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| 500 | |a Angekündigt u.d.T.: Selected environmental policy challenges | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Política ambiental - Aspectos económicos | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umweltpolitik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental policy |x Costs | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental policy |x Economic aspects | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137767859388416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Table of Contents
List of Acronyms
................................................ 11
Executive Summary
.............................................. 13
Chapter
1.
Introduction
........................................... 19
Introduction
............................................... 20
What do we mean by costs of inaction ?
...................... 21
Criteria for selecting the issues examined in this report
......... 27
Summary
................................................. 30
Notes
..................................................... 30
References
................................................. 31
Chapter
2.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air and Water Pollution
... 33
Introduction
............................................... 34
Water pollution and health
.................................. 38
Air pollution and health
..................................... 41
Aggregate health effects from air and water pollution
........... 45
Valuation of the health costs of policy inaction with respect
to air and water pollution
.................................... 49
Macroeconomic, labour productivity, and public finance
implications of health impacts
............................... 60
Non-health costs of air and water pollution
.................... 62
Summary
................................................. 64
Notes
..................................................... 65
References
................................................. 66
Chapter
3.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Climate Change
.......... 73
Introduction
............................................... 74
Aggregate estimates of costs of inaction
....................... 76
Sectoral and Regional Estimates
.............................. 79
Reasons for Variation
....................................... 89
Summary
................................................. 101
Notes
..................................................... 102
References
................................................. 103
Chapter
4.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Environment-related
Industrial Accidents and Natural Disasters
................ 107
Introduction
............................................... 108
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
C OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Environment-related industrial accidents and hazards
..........
Ill
Environment-related natural disasters
........................ 129
Summary
................................................. 143
Notes
..................................................... 144
References
................................................. 146
Chapter
5.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Natural Resource
Management
........................................... 151
Introduction
............................................... 152
Marine capture fisheries
..................................... 152
Groundwater Management
.................................. 176
Summary
................................................. 190
Notes
..................................................... 191
References
................................................. 192
Chapter
6.
Summary and Conclusions
............................. 199
General conclusions
........................................ 200
Key methodological issues
................................... 202
Different types of cost arising out of inaction
................. 207
Incidence
.................................................. 209
Notes
..................................................... 211
References
................................................. 211
List of tables
2.1.
Selected Types of Costs Related to Air and Water Pollution
....... 36
2.2.
Types and Incidence of Health Costs from Air and Water Pollution
37
2.3.
The Relative Importance of Health Costs in Total Social Costs
of Policy Inaction
........................................... 38
2.4.
Health Effects Associated With Selected Water Pollutants
........ 41
2.5.
Health Effects Associated With Selected Air Pollutants
.......... 42
2.6.
Air Pollution Concentrations in PM10, SO2 and
N02,
for
2002..... 44
2.7.
Global Burden of Disease from Selected Environmental Risk Factors
46
2.8.
Valuation of Health Benefits of Selected Policies Related
to Water Pollution
.......................................... 50
2.9.
Benefit-Cost Ratios for Selected Water-related Studies
........... 50
2.10.
CBA of Improving Water Supply and Sanitation at the Global
Level per Year
.............................................. 53
2.11.
Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) Estimates, Using the Same
Contingent Valuation Survey Instrument in Many Countries
...... 54
2.12.
Estimated Costs and Benefits of Policies Aiming at Improving
Air Quality
................................................. 56
2.13.
Costs of Illness for Patient and Others (Acute Respiratory Problem
from Air Pollution)
.......................................... 58
2.14. %
of Total Health Costs Related to Pain and Suffering
............ 59
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
O OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
2.15.
Examples of the Impact of the Discount Rate on the Costs
of Inaction with Respect to PM2.5
............................. 60
2.16.
Effect of Pollution in Terms of Sick Leave and Restricted Activity
Days
...................................................... 62
3.1.
Estimates of Marginal Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (USD/tC)
. 77
3.2.
Estimates of Aggregate Damages and SCC Under Different Policy
Scenario Using DICE
........................................ 78
3.3.
Estimates of Burden of Disease in
2000
Attributable to Climate
Change
................................................... 80
3.4.
Percentage Increase in Health Risks in
2030
Due to Climate Change
81
3.5.
IPCC 4th Assessment Estimates of Contributions to SLR
......... 82
3.6.
Developing Country Winners and Losers from Climate
Change Impacts on Agriculture
............................... 85
3.7.
Estimates of Differences in Crop Yields due to Climate Change
under Different Scenarios
................................... 86
3.8.
Regional Climate Impacts in
2100
(Billion USD/year)
-
Cross-Sectional Estimates
................................... 86
3.9.
Increase in People (Millions) at Risk of Hunger, Relative
to Reference Case (No Climate Change)
........................ 87
3.10.
Estimate Costs of Ecosystem Damages
........................ 89
3.11.
Estimates of Present Value of Environmental Damages
.......... 90
3.12.
Estimated Costs of Inaction, Assuming Different
Damage Functions
............................................ 92
3.13.
Estimated Impact of Adaptation on Crop Yields
................. 95
3.14.
Effect of the Discount Rate on Estimated Costs of Inaction
....... 96
3.15.
Effect of Elasticity of Marginal Utility of Income of Costs
of Inaction
................................................. 98
3.16.
The Effect of the Pure Rate of Time Preference on the Estimated SCC
. 98
3.17.
An Example of the Effects of Equity Weighting on the Costs
of Inaction
................................................. 100
3.18.
SCC With and Without Equity Weighting
................... 101
4.1.
Technological Disasters with at Least
100
Reported Deaths
....... 112
4.2.
Major oil Spills Since
1967 ................................... 115
4.3.
Costs of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill to Exxon
....................... 118
4.4.
Social Costs of the Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill
...................... 119
4.5.
Social Costs of
Erika
Oil Spill
................................. 120
4.6.
Social Costs of the Prestige Oil Spill for All Affected Areas
........ 121
4.7.
Social Costs of the Prestige Oil Spill for the
Galicia
Region (Spain)
. 121
4.8.
Cleaning and Restoration Costs in Selected Oil Spills
............ 122
4.9.
The Twenty Most Costly Insured Events World-wide,
1970-2005
Insurance Losses
........................................... 131
4.10.
Hurricane Katrina Insured Losses (Estimates in Billions USD)
..... 132
4.11.
The Twenty Worst Catastrophes in Terms of Victims
(1970-2005) .. 133
4.12.
Average Number of Tropical Cyclones which Reached Storm ,
Hurricane , and Major Hurricane Status
..................... 134
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
O OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
4.13.
The Thirty Costliest Mainland US Tropical Cyclones,
1900-2006
Property Damages
................................. 136
4.14.
Benefits and Costs of Mitigation by Hazard
..................... 138
4.15.
Heat-associated Excess Mortality in Summer
2003
in Selected Countries (Number of Excess Deaths)
............... 140
4.16.
Financial Impact of the Summer
2003
Drought and Fires
on the Agricultural and Forest Sectors
......................... 142
4.17.
Damages Due to Natural Disasters as
%
of Country s Annual GDP,
1990-2000 ................................................. 143
4.18.
Comparing the Human Impact of Natural Disasters Between
the
10
Richest and the
10
Poorest Countries
.................... 143
5.1.
Global List of Fish Stocks Ranked as Depleted
................. 155
5.2.
Assessment of Fisheries in the North Sea Eco-region
............ 159
5.3.
Assistance Programmes for the Atlantic Fishery with a License
Retirement Component
(1992-2001)
(CAD million)
............... 170
5.4.
Selected Income Support and Special Adjustment Programmes
Aimed at Atlantic Fisheries in Canada
......................... 170
5.5.
Recreational Fishing Valuation Studies for Marine
and Anadromous Species (USA and Canada)
................... 174
5.6.
Value of Goods and Services Provided by Marine Biodiversity
in the UK
.................................................. 176
5.7.
Percentage of Drinking Water Supply Obtained From Groundwater
178
5.8.
Some Large Aquifers of the World
............................ 179
5.9.
Groundwater Exploitation in Mexico,
2004
(Number of Aquifers)
.. 180
5.10.
The Most Unsustainably Exploited Aquifers in Mexico,
2004...... 180
5.11.
Groundwater Abstraction in Selected European Countries
(%
of Available Resource )
.................................... 181
5.12.
Average Value of Irrigation Water as a Percentage
of Total Irrigated Farmland Price
(%)........................... 186
5.13.
Groundwater Dependence of Selected Cities in Latin America
___ 187
5.14.
Valuation of Groundwater Protection for Drinking Water Supplies
. 188
List of figures
1.1.
Unbundling the Costs of Inaction
............................. 25
1.2.
Marginal and Total Costs of Inaction
.......................... 26
2.1.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air and Water Pollution
........ 36
2.2.
Potential Exposure of Urban Population to Ozone Concentrations
of More than
35
Parts per Billion
.............................. 45
2.3.
Deaths and Years of life Lost Associated with PM10 Pollution
in Selected
OECD
Countries in
2002 ........................... 47
2.4.
Premature Death per Million Inhabitants in Urban
Agglomerations Attributable to Urban Outdoor Exposure to PM10
(Deaths per Million)
......................................... 47
3
COSTS OF
INACTION
ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
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ISBN 978-92-64-04S77-4
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TABLE
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2.5. %
of Total Mortality and Burden of Disease Due to Unsafe Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene
- 2002 ............................... 48
2.6.
Decomposition of Costs of Not Meeting the MDGs for WSS
(USD million)
.............................................. 52
2.7.
Gross and Net Costs of Not Introducing Policies More Stringent
Than
CAFÉ (EUR
Billion)
..................................... 58
2.8.
Public and Private Health Expenditures in the
OECD
(2004) ....... 61
2.9.
Costs of Reduced Agriculture Yields due to Ozone
............... 63
3.1.
Estimated Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other GHGs
......... 75
3.2.
Global Mean Temperature Change, Relative to Pre-industrial
Temperature
............................................... 76
3.3.
Types of Costs Associated with Climate Change
................ 76
3.4.
Pathways from Climate Change to Health
...................... 80
3.5.
Projected Sea Level Rise Under Alternative IPCC Scenarios
....... 82
3.6.
Number of People Affected by Coastal Surges in 2080s
Under Different Policy Scenarios
.............................. 83
3.7.
Regional Impacts of
1
Metre SLR
.............................. 84
3.8.
Temperature Increases and Likely Impacts of Marine
and Terrestrial Ecosystems
.................................. 88
3.9.
Market Impacts as
%
of GDP in
2100........................... 100
4.1.
Flood Disasters in Europe
(1973 - 2002) ........................ 110
4.2.
Distribution of Environmentally-relevant Incidents in the
EU
(2005) 113
4.3.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Oil Spills
............... 114
4.4.
Number of Oil Spills Over
7
Tonnes,
1970-2005,
World-wide
...... 116
4.5.
Volume of Oil Spills, US
..................................... 119
4.6.
Social Costs of Inaction With Respect to Contaminated Land
..... 124
4.7.
Total Annual Remediation Expenditures for Contaminated Sites
(2005)
in Europe as a
%
of GDP
................................ 128
4.8. %
of Total Annual Remediation Expenditures for Contaminated
Sites
(2005)
in Europe by Public and Private Sectors
.............. 129
4.9.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Natural Disasters
........ 130
4.10.
Death Toll and Economic Damages Caused by Flooding
in Europe,
1973-2002
(Billions of
2002
EUR)
..................... 137
4.11.
Damages by Storms and Floods in Japan,
1993-2002 ............. 139
5.1.
Status of World Fish Stocks
(2005)............................. 153
5.2.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Fisheries Management
......... 154
5.3.
Reported World Catch of Orange Roughy
(1970-2005) ............ 156
5.4.
World Capture and
Aquaculture
Production from Marine Fisheries
(1950-2005) ................................................ 158
5.5.
World Capture and
Aquaculture
Production from Inland Fisheries
(1950-2005) ................................................ 158
5.6.
Capture Fisheries Production in World Oceans
.................. 160
5.7.
Example of a Biomass Growth Function
....................... 161
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
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ISBN
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2008
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5.8.
Advice, Allowable Catch, and Actual Landings:
Cod in the North Sea
........................................ 163
5.9.
Cod in Skagerrak
........................................... 163
5.10.
Cod in the Kattegat
......................................... 164
5.11.
Allowable Catch and Actual Landings: Norway Pout
in the North Sea
............................................ 165
5.12.
Advice, Allowable Catch, and Actual Catch: Herring
in the North Sea and Eastern Channel
......................... 166
5.13.
Potential for Welfare Improvements
........................... 167
5.14.
World Fisheries and
Aquaculture
Production (Million Tonnes)
.... 172
5.15.
Marginal Willingness-to-pay, Based on a Meta-analysis
of Recreational Fishery Valuation Studies
...................... 175
5.16.
Endowment of Freshwater Resources in
OECD
Countries
by Source,
2007............................................. 177
5.17.
Percentage of irrigation water obtained from groundwater
....... 178
5.18.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Groundwater
Management
.............................................. 182
10
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN 978-92-64-O4S77
-4 -
C OECD
2008
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Table of Contents
List of Acronyms
. 11
Executive Summary
. 13
Chapter
1.
Introduction
. 19
Introduction
. 20
What do we mean by "costs of inaction"?
. 21
Criteria for selecting the issues examined in this report
. 27
Summary
. 30
Notes
. 30
References
. 31
Chapter
2.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air and Water Pollution
. 33
Introduction
. 34
Water pollution and health
. 38
Air pollution and health
. 41
Aggregate health effects from air and water pollution
. 45
Valuation of the health costs of policy inaction with respect
to air and water pollution
. 49
Macroeconomic, labour productivity, and public finance
implications of health impacts
. 60
Non-health costs of air and water pollution
. 62
Summary
. 64
Notes
. 65
References
. 66
Chapter
3.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Climate Change
. 73
Introduction
. 74
Aggregate estimates of costs of inaction
. 76
Sectoral and Regional Estimates
. 79
Reasons for Variation
. 89
Summary
. 101
Notes
. 102
References
. 103
Chapter
4.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Environment-related
Industrial Accidents and Natural Disasters
. 107
Introduction
. 108
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
C OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Environment-related industrial accidents and hazards
.
Ill
Environment-related natural disasters
. 129
Summary
. 143
Notes
. 144
References
. 146
Chapter
5.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Natural Resource
Management
. 151
Introduction
. 152
Marine capture fisheries
. 152
Groundwater Management
. 176
Summary
. 190
Notes
. 191
References
. 192
Chapter
6.
Summary and Conclusions
. 199
General conclusions
. 200
Key methodological issues
. 202
Different types of "cost" arising out of inaction
. 207
Incidence
. 209
Notes
. 211
References
. 211
List of tables
2.1.
Selected Types of Costs Related to Air and Water Pollution
. 36
2.2.
Types and Incidence of Health Costs from Air and Water Pollution
37
2.3.
The Relative Importance of Health Costs in Total Social Costs
of Policy Inaction
. 38
2.4.
Health Effects Associated With Selected Water Pollutants
. 41
2.5.
Health Effects Associated With Selected Air Pollutants"
. 42
2.6.
Air Pollution Concentrations in PM10, SO2 and
N02,
for
2002. 44
2.7.
Global Burden of Disease from Selected Environmental Risk Factors
46
2.8.
Valuation of Health Benefits of Selected Policies Related
to Water Pollution
. 50
2.9.
Benefit-Cost Ratios for Selected Water-related Studies
. 50
2.10.
CBA of Improving Water Supply and Sanitation at the Global
Level per Year
. 53
2.11.
Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) Estimates, Using the Same
Contingent Valuation Survey Instrument in Many Countries
. 54
2.12.
Estimated Costs and Benefits of Policies Aiming at Improving
Air Quality
. 56
2.13.
Costs of Illness for Patient and Others (Acute Respiratory Problem
from Air Pollution)
. 58
2.14. %
of Total Health Costs Related to Pain and Suffering
. 59
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
O OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
2.15.
Examples of the Impact of the Discount Rate on the Costs
of Inaction with Respect to PM2.5
. 60
2.16.
Effect of Pollution in Terms of Sick Leave and Restricted Activity
Days
. 62
3.1.
Estimates of Marginal Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (USD/tC)
. 77
3.2.
Estimates of Aggregate Damages and SCC Under Different Policy
Scenario Using DICE
. 78
3.3.
Estimates of Burden of Disease in
2000
Attributable to Climate
Change
. 80
3.4.
Percentage Increase in Health Risks in
2030
Due to Climate Change
81
3.5.
IPCC 4th Assessment Estimates of Contributions to SLR
. 82
3.6.
Developing Country Winners and Losers from Climate
Change Impacts on Agriculture
. 85
3.7.
Estimates of Differences in Crop Yields due to Climate Change
under Different Scenarios
. 86
3.8.
Regional Climate Impacts in
2100
(Billion USD/year)
-
Cross-Sectional Estimates
. 86
3.9.
Increase in People (Millions) at Risk of Hunger, Relative
to Reference Case (No Climate Change)
. 87
3.10.
Estimate Costs of Ecosystem Damages
. 89
3.11.
Estimates of Present Value of Environmental Damages
. 90
3.12.
Estimated Costs of Inaction, Assuming Different
Damage Functions
. 92
3.13.
Estimated Impact of Adaptation on Crop Yields
. 95
3.14.
Effect of the Discount Rate on Estimated Costs of Inaction
. 96
3.15.
Effect of Elasticity of Marginal Utility of Income of Costs
of Inaction
. 98
3.16.
The Effect of the Pure Rate of Time Preference on the Estimated SCC
. 98
3.17.
An Example of the Effects of Equity Weighting on the Costs
of Inaction
. 100
3.18.
SCC "With" and "Without" Equity Weighting
. 101
4.1.
Technological Disasters with at Least
100
Reported Deaths
. 112
4.2.
Major oil Spills Since
1967 . 115
4.3.
Costs of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill to Exxon
. 118
4.4.
Social Costs of the Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill
. 119
4.5.
Social Costs of
Erika
Oil Spill
. 120
4.6.
Social Costs of the Prestige Oil Spill for All Affected Areas
. 121
4.7.
Social Costs of the Prestige Oil Spill for the
Galicia
Region (Spain)
. 121
4.8.
Cleaning and Restoration Costs in Selected Oil Spills
. 122
4.9.
The Twenty Most Costly Insured Events World-wide,
1970-2005
Insurance Losses
. 131
4.10.
Hurricane Katrina Insured Losses (Estimates in Billions USD)
. 132
4.11.
The Twenty Worst Catastrophes in Terms of Victims
(1970-2005) . 133
4.12.
Average Number of Tropical Cyclones which Reached "Storm",
"Hurricane", and "Major Hurricane" Status
. 134
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
O OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
4.13.
The Thirty Costliest Mainland US Tropical Cyclones,
1900-2006
Property Damages
. 136
4.14.
Benefits and Costs of Mitigation by Hazard
. 138
4.15.
Heat-associated Excess Mortality in Summer
2003
in Selected Countries (Number of Excess Deaths)
. 140
4.16.
Financial Impact of the Summer
2003
Drought and Fires
on the Agricultural and Forest Sectors
. 142
4.17.
Damages Due to Natural Disasters as
%
of Country's Annual GDP,
1990-2000 . 143
4.18.
Comparing the Human Impact of Natural Disasters Between
the
10
Richest and the
10
Poorest Countries
. 143
5.1.
Global List of Fish Stocks Ranked as "Depleted"
. 155
5.2.
Assessment of Fisheries in the North Sea Eco-region
. 159
5.3.
Assistance Programmes for the Atlantic Fishery with a License
Retirement Component
(1992-2001)
(CAD million)
. 170
5.4.
Selected Income Support and Special Adjustment Programmes
Aimed at Atlantic Fisheries in Canada
. 170
5.5.
Recreational Fishing Valuation Studies for Marine
and Anadromous Species (USA and Canada)
. 174
5.6.
Value of Goods and Services Provided by Marine Biodiversity
in the UK
. 176
5.7.
Percentage of Drinking Water Supply Obtained From Groundwater
178
5.8.
Some Large Aquifers of the World
. 179
5.9.
Groundwater Exploitation in Mexico,
2004
(Number of Aquifers)
. 180
5.10.
The Most Unsustainably Exploited Aquifers in Mexico,
2004. 180
5.11.
Groundwater Abstraction in Selected European Countries
(%
of Available Resource')
. 181
5.12.
Average Value of Irrigation Water as a Percentage
of Total Irrigated Farmland Price
(%). 186
5.13.
Groundwater Dependence of Selected Cities in Latin America
_ 187
5.14.
Valuation of Groundwater Protection for Drinking Water Supplies
. 188
List of figures
1.1.
Unbundling the Costs of Inaction
. 25
1.2.
Marginal and Total Costs of Inaction
. 26
2.1.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air and Water Pollution
. 36
2.2.
Potential Exposure of Urban Population to Ozone Concentrations
of More than
35
Parts per Billion
. 45
2.3.
Deaths and Years of life Lost Associated with PM10 Pollution
in Selected
OECD
Countries in
2002 . 47
2.4.
Premature Death per Million Inhabitants in Urban
Agglomerations Attributable to Urban Outdoor Exposure to PM10
(Deaths per Million)
. 47
3
COSTS OF
INACTION
ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN 978-92-64-04S77-4
-
β
OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
2.5. %
of Total Mortality and Burden of Disease Due to Unsafe Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene
- 2002 . 48
2.6.
Decomposition of Costs of Not Meeting the MDGs for WSS
(USD million)
. 52
2.7.
Gross and Net Costs of Not Introducing Policies More Stringent
Than
CAFÉ (EUR
Billion)
. 58
2.8.
Public and Private Health Expenditures in the
OECD
(2004) . 61
2.9.
Costs of Reduced Agriculture Yields due to Ozone
. 63
3.1.
Estimated Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other GHGs
. 75
3.2.
Global Mean Temperature Change, Relative to Pre-industrial
Temperature
. 76
3.3.
Types of Costs Associated with Climate Change
. 76
3.4.
Pathways from Climate Change to Health
. 80
3.5.
Projected Sea Level Rise Under Alternative IPCC Scenarios
. 82
3.6.
Number of People Affected by Coastal Surges in 2080s
Under Different Policy Scenarios
. 83
3.7.
Regional Impacts of
1
Metre SLR
. 84
3.8.
Temperature Increases and Likely Impacts of Marine
and Terrestrial Ecosystems
. 88
3.9.
Market Impacts as
%
of GDP in
2100. 100
4.1.
Flood Disasters in Europe
(1973 - 2002) . 110
4.2.
Distribution of Environmentally-relevant Incidents in the
EU
(2005) 113
4.3.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Oil Spills
. 114
4.4.
Number of Oil Spills Over
7
Tonnes,
1970-2005,
World-wide
. 116
4.5.
Volume of Oil Spills, US
. 119
4.6.
Social Costs of Inaction With Respect to Contaminated Land
. 124
4.7.
Total Annual Remediation Expenditures for Contaminated Sites
(2005)
in Europe as a
%
of GDP
. 128
4.8. %
of Total Annual Remediation Expenditures for Contaminated
Sites
(2005)
in Europe by Public and Private Sectors
. 129
4.9.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Natural Disasters
. 130
4.10.
Death Toll and Economic Damages Caused by Flooding
in Europe,
1973-2002
(Billions of
2002
EUR)
. 137
4.11.
Damages by Storms and Floods in Japan,
1993-2002 . 139
5.1.
Status of World Fish Stocks
(2005). 153
5.2.
Costs of Inaction with Respect to Fisheries Management
. 154
5.3.
Reported World Catch of Orange Roughy
(1970-2005) . 156
5.4.
World Capture and
Aquaculture
Production from Marine Fisheries
(1950-2005) . 158
5.5.
World Capture and
Aquaculture
Production from Inland Fisheries
(1950-2005) . 158
5.6.
Capture Fisheries Production in World Oceans
. 160
5.7.
Example of a Biomass Growth Function
. 161
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN
978-92-64-04577-4 -
C OECD
2008
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
5.8.
Advice, Allowable Catch, and Actual Landings:
Cod in the North Sea
. 163
5.9.
Cod in Skagerrak
. 163
5.10.
Cod in the Kattegat
. 164
5.11.
Allowable Catch and Actual Landings: Norway Pout
in the North Sea
. 165
5.12.
Advice, Allowable Catch, and Actual Catch: Herring
in the North Sea and Eastern Channel
. 166
5.13.
Potential for Welfare Improvements
. 167
5.14.
World Fisheries and
Aquaculture
Production (Million Tonnes)
. 172
5.15.
Marginal Willingness-to-pay, Based on a Meta-analysis
of Recreational Fishery Valuation Studies
. 175
5.16.
Endowment of Freshwater Resources in
OECD
Countries
by Source,
2007. 177
5.17.
Percentage of irrigation water obtained from groundwater
. 178
5.18.
Social Costs of Inaction with Respect to Groundwater
Management
. 182
10
COSTS OF INACTION ON KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
-
ISBN 978-92-64-O4S77
-4 -
C OECD
2008 |
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| bvnumber | BV023390770 |
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| classification_rvk | QT 200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)261125819 (DE-599)DNB991054806 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| id | DE-604.BV023390770 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:19:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:17:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789264045774 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges [the report was drafted by Nick Johnstone ...] Selected environmental policy challenges Paris OECD 2008 213 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Angekündigt u.d.T.: Selected environmental policy challenges Política ambiental - Aspectos económicos Umweltpolitik Environmental economics Environmental policy Costs Environmental policy Economic aspects Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd rswk-swf Szenario (DE-588)4194332-6 gnd rswk-swf Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd rswk-swf Kosten (DE-588)4032579-9 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Kosten (DE-588)4055720-0 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Soziale Kosten (DE-588)4055720-0 s Szenario (DE-588)4194332-6 s 1\p DE-604 Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 s Kosten (DE-588)4032579-9 s Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 s 2\p DE-604 Johnstone, Nick Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016573716&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges Política ambiental - Aspectos económicos Umweltpolitik Environmental economics Environmental policy Costs Environmental policy Economic aspects Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Szenario (DE-588)4194332-6 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd Kosten (DE-588)4032579-9 gnd Soziale Kosten (DE-588)4055720-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4078523-3 (DE-588)4194332-6 (DE-588)4117286-3 (DE-588)4032579-9 (DE-588)4055720-0 |
| title | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| title_alt | Selected environmental policy challenges |
| title_auth | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| title_exact_search | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| title_full | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges [the report was drafted by Nick Johnstone ...] |
| title_fullStr | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges [the report was drafted by Nick Johnstone ...] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges [the report was drafted by Nick Johnstone ...] |
| title_short | Costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| title_sort | costs of inaction on key environmental challenges |
| topic | Política ambiental - Aspectos económicos Umweltpolitik Environmental economics Environmental policy Costs Environmental policy Economic aspects Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Umweltpolitik (DE-588)4078523-3 gnd Szenario (DE-588)4194332-6 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd Kosten (DE-588)4032579-9 gnd Soziale Kosten (DE-588)4055720-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Política ambiental - Aspectos económicos Umweltpolitik Environmental economics Environmental policy Costs Environmental policy Economic aspects Klimaänderung Szenario Umweltschaden Kosten Soziale Kosten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016573716&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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