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Forests sourcebook: practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation

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Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Washington, D.C. World Bank 2008
Schriftenreihe:	Agriculture and rural development
Schlagworte:	Forestry projects > Handbooks, manuals, etc Sustainable forestry > Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest management > Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest policy > Handbooks, manuals, etc
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Erscheint: April 2008
Beschreibung:	p. cm.
ISBN:	9780821371633

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246	1	3	\|a Practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
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650		4	\|a Sustainable forestry \|v Handbooks, manuals, etc
650		4	\|a Forest management \|v Handbooks, manuals, etc
650		4	\|a Forest policy \|v Handbooks, manuals, etc
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xix A User s Guide to the Forests Sourcebook xxv Introduction Opportunities and Challenges in the Forest Sector I Why the Potential of Forests Has Not Been Fully Harnessed I Unlocking Forests Potential 2 The World Bank s Approach to the Forest Sector 4 The World Bank s Lending to the Sector 6 Progress to Date 9 The Challenge Ahead 10 Purpose of the Forests Sourcebook 11 Notes 11 References Cited 12 PARTI PRIORITY THEMES AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Chapter I Forests for Poverty Reduction 15 Past Activities 18 Key issues 18 Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities 22 Selected Readings 23 References Cited 23 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 24 Note 1.1 Mainstreaming the Role of Forests in Poverty Alleviation: Measuring Poverty-Forest Linkages 25 Operational Aspects 25 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 27 Selected Readings 29 References Cited 29 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 29 Note 1.2 Community-Based Forest Management 30 Operational Aspects 31 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 35 Selected Readings 37 References Cited 37 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 38 Note 1.3 Indigenous Peoples and Forests 39 Operational Aspects 40 Lessons Learned and Recommendations got Practitioners 46 Note 47 Selected Readings 47 References Cited 48 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 48 Note 1.4 Property and Access Rights 49 Operational Aspects 50 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 52 Selected Readings 55 References Cited 55 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 55 Note 1.5 Making Markets Work for the Forest-Dependent Poor 56 Operational Aspects 57 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 60 Note 60 Selected Readings 61 References Cited 61 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 61 Chapter 2 Engaging the Private Sector in Forest Sector Development 63 Past Activities 64 Key Issues 65 Future Priorities for Activities 67 Notes 68 Selected Readings 68 References Cited 68 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 69 Annex 2A: World Bank Analytical and Advisory Activities and Economic and Sector Work Related to Governance Reform 70 Note 2.1 Company-Community Partnerships 71 Operational Aspects 73 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 74 Note 75 Selected Readings: Reviews 75 Selected Readings: Country Cases 76 References Cited 76 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 76 Note 2.2 Small and Medium Enterprises 77 Operational Aspects 78 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners ^ Notes 8I Selected Readings 81 References Cited 82 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 83 Annex 2.2A: Checklist of Key Issues to Determine SME Program Direction and Feasibility Nate 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arrangements: Payments for Environmental Services 8S Operational Aspects ^ Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners ^ CONTENTS Selected Readings References Cited Chapter 3 Meeting the Growing Demand for Forest Products: Plantation Forestry and Harvesting Operations in Natural Forests Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Resources Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3. / Mainstreaming Conservation Considerations into Productive Landscapes: Applying High-Conservation-Value Tools The HCV Concept—Why It Is Useful for Integrating Conservation and Production Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3.2 Forest Certification Systems Overview and Considerations of Interest for World Bank Activities Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Note Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3.3 Forest Plantations in World Bank Operations Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Recommended Reading References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Chapter 4 Optimizing Forest Functions in a Landscape Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 4. f Integrated Forest Landscape Land-Use Planning Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 90 91 93 97 98 100 102 103 103 103 103 104 104 106 III III 112 112 112 113 113 113 114 116 116 116 116 117 117 120 121 121 121 123 125 125 128 130 130 130 131 132 132 (36 137 138 138 138 CONTENTS Note 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Landscape Interventions 139 Operational Aspects 139 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 141 Selected Readings 142 References Cited 142 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 142 Note 4.3 Using Adaptive Management to Improve Project Implementation 143 Overview and Considerations of Interest for World Bank Activities 143 Operational Aspects 143 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 148 Notes 149 Selected Readings 149 References Cited 149 Chapter 5 Improving Forest Governance 151 Past Activities 153 Key Issues 155 Future Priorities and Scaling Up Activities 156 Notes 157 Selected Readings 158 References Cited 158 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 158 Note 5. / Decentralized Forest Management 159 Operational Aspects 160 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 163 Selected Readings 164 References Cited 165 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 165 Note 5.2 Reforming Forest Institutions 1 Operational Aspects 167 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 171 References Cited 172 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 172 Note 5.3 Strengthening Legal Frameworks in the Forest Sector 173 Operational Aspects 173 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 176 Selected Readings 177 References Cited 177 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 177 Annex 5.3A: A Checklist of Potential Issues for the Forest Law Adviser 178 Annex 5.3B: Six Drafting Principles for Creating Better Forest Laws 179 Note 5.4 Strengthening Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 180 Operational Aspects 181 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 185 Selected Readings 186 References Cited 186 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 186 Annex 5.4A: A Summary of the Different Types of Charges Used in Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 187 Note 5.5 Addressing Illegal Logging and Other Forest Crime 189 Operational Aspects 190 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 195 Notts 197 Selected Readings 197 CONTB«rrS References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 5.5A: Drivers of Illegal Logging and Other Forest Crime: Motive, Means, and Opportunity Annex 5.58: Typical Contexts of Illegal Logging: Drivers and Potential Responses Chapter 6 Mainstreaming Forests into Development Policy and Planning Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 6A:Timescale of Impacts of Energy Sector Reform on Forests and Forest Industries Note 6.1 Using National Forest Programs to Mainstream Forest Issues Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 6.2 Prospects for Using Policy Lending to Proactivefy Enable Forest Sector Reforms Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 6.3 Identifying the Need for Analysis on Forests in Development Policy Reforms Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 6.3A: Select Tools to Assist Scoping of Cross-Sectoral Impacts Annex 6.3B:Tools for Rapid Assessment of Cross-Sectoral Impacts Nate 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sector Impacts: Use of CEAs and SEAs Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Chapter 7 Monitoring and Information Systems for Forest Management Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling Up Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 7.1 National Forest Inventories 197 197 198 199 203 204 205 208 210 211 211 212 213 214 216 219 220 220 220 220 221 221 226 227 228 228 228 229 230 234 235 235 235 235 236 237 238 238 242 245 245 246 246 247 249 249 255 255 255 256 256 257 CONTENTS Note 7.2 Note 7.3 Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Note Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Establishing Forest Management Information Systems Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Sources of Help Selected Readings Terms of Reference: Developing a National FMIS Annex 7.2A: Model Terms of Reference Spatial Monitoring of Forests Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Recommended Reading References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 7.3A: Elements for Terms of Reference for Developing a National System for Forest Monitoring and Information PART II GUIDANCE ON IMPLEMENTING FORESTS POLICY OP 4.36 Chapter 8 Introduction to the World Bank Forests Policy History of the World Bank s Forests Policies Scope of the Forests and Natural Habitats Policies Other Relevant Safeguard Policies Notes Reference Cited Chapter 9 Applying Forests Policy OP 4.36 Objective of the Forests Policy Main Requirements of the Forests Policy When Is the Forests Policy Triggered? Environmental Classification of Projects Involving Forests Guidelines on Implementing OP 4.36 Definitions Guidance on Development of Terms of Reference Related To OP 4.36 Social Assessment Identifying Critical Forests and Critical Natural Habitats through Environmental Assessment Protecting Forests through Conservation Offsets Notes Selected Readings References Cited Chapter 10 Consultation and Communication in Forest Sector Activities Consultation Communication Annex I0A: Checklist for Task Managers Note References Cited 258 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 267 268 269 269 270 270 274 276 279 281 281 282 282 283 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 293 294 294 295 296 298 299 310 314 316 316 317 319 319 323 332 334 334 CONTBtfTS Chapter 11 Forest Certification Assessment Guide: Summary on Use 335 The World Bank-World Wildlife Fund Forest Certification Assessment Guide (FCAG): Purpose and Concept 335 Using the Guide for World Bank Assessments of Certification Systems 336 Assessing Certification Systems 338 Providing Support Before Certification Using Time-Bound Action Plans 339 Notes 340 Selected Readings 340 References Cited 340 Annex 11 A: Model Terms of Reference for Assessment of Certification Systems 341 Annex I IB: Procedures and Terms of Reference for the Development and Assessment of a Time-Bound Action Plan for Certification 343 Chapter 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples 347 Identification of Indigenous Peoples 348 Objectives of the Policy 348 Key Policy Requirements 348 Project Implementation 354 References Cited 357 Annex I2A: Elements of an Indigenous Peoples Plan and Planning Framework 357 Index 359 BOXES I. I What Do We Mean by Poverty? 15 1.2 The Role of Forests in Benefiting the Rural Poor: An Example from die World Bank s China Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project 18 1.3 Forests for Poverty Alleviation: World Bank Albania Forestry Project 19 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Toolkit 26 1.5 Entry Points for Reassessing Poverty-Forest Linkages:The Example of Indonesia 27 1.6 An Overview of the Tools for Gathering Information at the Village or Community Level 28 1.7 Livelihood Analysis in Busongo,Tanzania 28 1.8 Identifying Opportunities for Getting Poverty-Forest Linkages into Data-Collection Systems: Example from Tanzania 29 1.9 Community Forestry Models around the World 31 1. 10 Different Degrees of Devolution of Forest Management to Communities 32 I.I I Improving Equity and Governance and Addressing Elite Capture in Nepal 33 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project 34 1.13 The Forest Sector in Cameroon 35 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexico 36 1.15 Brazil Santa Catarina Natural Resource Management and Rural Poverty Reduction Project 42 1.16 India Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project 45 1.17 Mexico first and Second Community Forestry Projects 47 1.18 Typology of Properly Rights 51 1.19 Characteristics of Secure Community Tenure 53 1.20 Examples of Potentially Pro-Poor Approaches to Tenure Reform in Forests 53 1.21 Opportunities to Advance Community Tenure Security: A Summary 54 1.22 Overcoming Barriers to Pro-Poor Forestry in Honduras 58 1.23 Market Analysis and Development in Community Forests of The Gambia 59 1.24 Strategic Partnerships in Southern Africa 59 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs in India and Nepal 60 21 IFC Projects in the Forest Products Sector 64 22 The Prevalence of SMFEs 67 23 Outgrower Contract for Wood Production: Xylo Irtdah Pratama, Indonesia 71 24 Social Responsibility Contract for Timber Production (with Lease of Use Rights and an N TPP Agreement): Bibiani Lumber Company and die Stool (Chief) of the Omanhene, Ghana 72 CONTENTS 2.5 Purchase Agreement for Nontimber Forest Products: Vegext Limited, Kenya 72 2.6 Multiple Land Use on Company Land: Beekeeping and Mondi, South Africa 72 2.7 Joint Venture for Ecosystem Services: Posada Amazonas Ecotourism, Peru 72 2.8 Local Sovereignty, Markets, and SMFEs in India and Guyana 78 2.9 Building SMFE Negotiating Capacity 79 2.10 Supporting Forest Enterprise Associations in Brazil 80 2.11 South African SMFEs and the Burden of Bureaucracy 81 2.12 Supporting Local Activists Who Support SMFEs in Guyana 81 2.13 Water Services Provided by Forests: Claims and Reality 88 2.14 Avoiding Perverse Incentives in PES 90 3.1 Technical Definitions 94 3.2 Factors Influencing Future Demand for Wood 95 3.3 Global Forest and Trade Network 101 3.4 The Forestry Sector Development Project for Vietnam 101 3.5 The Six Types of High Conservation Value Areas 105 3.6 Identifying HCVFs in State Forests and Taking It to Scale:The Case of China 107 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New Guinea 108 3.8 Mainstreaming HCVF Work in Bulgaria 108 3.9 National Interpretation of HCV Guidelines 109 3.10 Key Information Sources for HCV Identification 109 4.1 What Is a Landscape Approach? 124 4.2 Moving Beyond Optimization Models in Tri National de la Sangha 126 4.3 Incentives for Sustainable Forest Management in Fragmented Forest Landscape 126 4.4 Importance of Challenging Existing Institutional Arrangements that Discriminate Against Vulnerable Groups 128 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in the Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Initiative 129 4.6 Commonly Required Skills in a Planning Team 133 4.7 Who Are the Landscape Stakeholders? 133 4.8 Participating in the Management of the Tbngass National Forest 133 4.9 Baseline Data Needed on Aspects of the Forest Landscape 134 4.10 Participatory Mapping for Identifying the Landscape Value 135 4.11 Tools for Integrating Various Viewpoints 136 4.12 Potential Indicators to Monitor 140 4.13 Possible Indicators for Assessing Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Landscapes that Integrate Production and Conservation 141 4.14 Outcome Assessment Tracking 142 4.15 Conceptual Models: A Tool for Portraying a Site s Context and Determining Strategies 145 4.16 Tools for Clarifying and Testing Assumptions: Results Chains 46 4.17 Adaptive Management Applied: Sustainable Agriculture in Guatemala and Mexico 148 5.1 Examples of Bank Support for Prevention and Detection Activities in Project Lending 154 5.2 Finding Synergies Between the World Bank Group s Efforts in FLEG and Its Broader Governance Reforms for Greater Impact 155 5.3 REDD and Forest Governance 157 5.4 Legal Uncertainty in Indonesia 161 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Between Responsibilities and Resources and Resistance to Relinquishing Power 163 5.6 Participation and Transparency in Bolivia 164 5.7 Functions of Forest Organizations 166 5.8 The LJberian Forest Initiative: Institutional Reform in a Postconflict Country 167 5.9 Reducing Conflict of Interest in Forest Management: An Example from Countries in Transition 169 5.10 Measures for Transparent Budget Procedures: 170 5. i I Citizen Report Cards: Benchmarking Public Service Delivery 171 5.12 Reforming Forest Law in Postconflict Countries 174 5.13 Working on the Law with Lawyers 175 5.14 Common Problems with Fiscal Systems in die Forestry Sector 180 5.15 Informal Competition for Harvesting Rights in Fiji 181 5.16 Solutions to Problems with Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 182 5.17 Measures Specific to Combating Corruption in the Forest Sector 191 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjustment and Forests 204 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy Reform and Fuelwood Use: An Example from Azerbaijan 206 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian Reform on Community Forestry in Mexico 208 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina 210 6.5 NFP in Uganda 215 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Preparation and Implementation 216 6.7 Recurring Key Issues in Forest Sector Reviews 217 6.8 Vietnam s 5MHRP: An Example of Success 218 6.9 Mexico Environmental SAL Making It Work 221 6.10 Typology of Conditionality 222 6.11 Conditions in Development Policy Loans on Forestry: An Example from Ghana 223 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support Natural Resources Management in Gabon and Cameroon 224 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for Advancing the Forest Sector Agenda 226 6.14 Transparency and Predictability: An Example from Armenia 226 6.15 Themes Associated with World Bank Policy Lending Operations in FY05 and FY06 Relevant to the Forest Sector 232 6.16 The Forests Component in the Ghana CEA 240 6.17 SEA Definition 240 6.18 The Sector Study of Social and Environmental Impacts of Forest Environment Sector Program in Cameroon 242 6.19 Implementation of the Kenya Forests Ace An Institution-Centered SEA 243 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes in Armenian Forest Policy 248 7.2 Using Spatial Monitoring to Assess Links Between Energy Reform and Forests 248 7.3 Forest Assessments in India 250 7.4 Monitoring Efforts in Brazil 251 7.5 The Forest Resource Assessment Program of FAO 253 7.6 Motivation for Forest Inventory in Bosnia and Herzegovina 257 7.7 Forest Inventory in Tanzania 258 7.8 Example of Defining the Sample of Interest 259 7.9 Plot Stratification 259 7.10 Map-Based Estimation Methods 259 7.11 Estimating Costs 260 7.12 A Data Collection Model 261 7.13 System Architecture of a Standard FMIS 264 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzegovina 266 7.15 Private Consulting or Software Firms That Have Developed Turn-Key FMIS or Major FMIS Components for Customization to User Needs 268 7.17 Forest Monitoring in Indonesia 275 7.16 Forest Monitoring in Cameroon 275 7.18 Using Geospatial Tools for LULUCF Projects 276 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate Approach and Tools 277 7.20 Using Remote Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring 279 9.1 Methodology of Social Assessment 301 9.2 Participation Strategy 302 9.3 Participation Framework 302 9.4 Social Impact Report 302 9.5 Process Framework for Involuntary Access Restrictions 303 9.6 Cost-Benefit Analysis 305 9.7 Total Economic Valuation 305 9.8 Market Analysis 306 9.9 Cost Estimates 306 CONTENTS \| 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 12.1 12.2 Incentive Framework Poverty Impact Analysis Economic Monitoring Fiscal Impact Analysis Quantitative Analysis and Baseline Monitoring Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Environmental and Social Management Framework Typical Procedures for Establishing New Protected Areas Liberia Forest Initiative: A Strategic Partnership that Enables Consultation What is the Necessary Level of Consultation? Consultation in Cambodia: Lessons Learned Consultation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Using Analytical Work to Start the Process Guidance for Addressing Concerns of Indigenous Peoples and Preempting Local Conflicts Elements of Communication and Collaboration Budgetary Issues: Cost Elements of Consultation Managing Risks through Strategic Communication:The Case of Cambodia Communications Implementation Plan OP 4.10 on Social Assessment OP 4.10 on Free, Prior, and Informed Consultation 306 307 307 307 308 309 310 310 311 315 320 321 322 323 324 325 325 331 331 350 351 FIGURES 1 Main Causes of Deforestation, by World Region. 1990-2000 2 2 Community Ownership and Administration of Forests 3 3 Commitment from the World Bank, GEF, and the IFC for Forests, FY01 to FY07 7 4 IBRD/IDA and GEF Forestry-Related Lending, Including Forest Components in Nonforest Projects, 1997-2006 8 5 Amount of IBRD/IDA Forestry Lending by Region, FY01-FY05 8 6 Regional Distribution of IBRD/IDA Lending, 2001-05 9 I. I Toward Tenure Security: Actors and Actions 52 1.2 Forest Market Development Strategy for Low-Income Producers 57 2.1 IFC Forest Sector Investments 64 2.2 IFC Forest Investments Regional Distribution, 2003-06 64 23 The Simple Economics of Payments for Environmental Service 85 2.4 Institutional Elements of a PES Mechanism 90 3.1 Pathways of Deforestation and Land Cover Conversion 94 3.2 A Possible Global Forest Scenario for 2050 97 3.3 HCVF Identification and Follow-up:The Ideal Picture I07 4.1 Necessary Ingredients for Project Success 144 4.2 General Project Management Cycfe 144 4.3 Timing of Outcomes and Impacts H7 5.1 Identifying Entry Points and a Sustainable Reform Process to Improve Forest Governance 152 5Jt Illegal Forest Activity and ks Link with Corruption 190 5.3 National Action and International Cooperation for Controlling Forest Crime 191 6.1 Indirect Impact of Fiscal Reform on Forests 229 6.2 Key Building Blocks of CEAs 239 TABLES I.I 2.1 22 3.1 Changing Linkages between Forests and Poverty Company-Community Partnership Models for Different Forest Goods and Services World Bank Projects with Explicit PES Components Estimated Number of Years Left of Economically Accessible Timber, by Country 17 71 87 95 CONTOJTS 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Selected World Bank Client Countries, 2005 96 5.1 FLEG Components in the World Bank Forestry Portfolio, by Region 154 5.2 Forest Decentralization: Potential Advantages and Dangers 160 6.1 Typical Reforms in Policy-Based Operations, and Potential Forest Linkages 231 6.2 The Requirements, Significance, and Costs of Select Analytical Tools 233 6.3 Sample Checklist for Devaluation 236 6.4 Sample Qualitative Matrix for Devaluation 236 7.1 Areas Where New Methodologies and Technologies are Expected to Benefit NFIs 249 7.2 Example of Number of Images and Estimated Costs for a Remote-Sensing Survey with Different Resolution and Sampling Options 254 7.3 An Example of the Number and Cost of Field Plots in a Global Survey Using Field Data Only 255 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote Sensors, their Applications, and Limitations for Forest Monitoring 280 7.5 Global Forest Maps 281 10.1 Consultation at Various Stages of an Environmental Assessment Project 326 10.2 Listening to the Public 327 10.3 Involving the Public in Decision Making 328 10.4 Techniques for Conveying Information 330 12.1 General Consultation Process 352 CONTENTS \|
adam_txt	CONTENTS Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xix A User's Guide to the Forests Sourcebook xxv Introduction Opportunities and Challenges in the Forest Sector I Why the Potential of Forests Has Not Been Fully Harnessed I Unlocking Forests' Potential 2 The World Bank's Approach to the Forest Sector 4 The World Bank's Lending to the Sector 6 Progress to Date 9 The Challenge Ahead 10 Purpose of the Forests Sourcebook 11 Notes 11 References Cited 12 PARTI PRIORITY THEMES AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Chapter I Forests for Poverty Reduction 15 Past Activities 18 Key issues 18 Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities 22 Selected Readings 23 References Cited 23 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 24 Note 1.1 Mainstreaming the Role of Forests in Poverty Alleviation: Measuring Poverty-Forest Linkages 25 Operational Aspects 25 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 27 Selected Readings 29 References Cited 29 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 29 Note 1.2 Community-Based Forest Management 30 Operational Aspects 31 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 35 Selected Readings 37 References Cited 37 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 38 Note 1.3 Indigenous Peoples and Forests 39 Operational Aspects 40 Lessons Learned and Recommendations got Practitioners 46 Note 47 Selected Readings 47 References Cited 48 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 48 Note 1.4 Property and Access Rights 49 Operational Aspects 50 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 52 Selected Readings 55 References Cited 55 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 55 Note 1.5 Making Markets Work for the Forest-Dependent Poor 56 Operational Aspects 57 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 60 Note 60 Selected Readings 61 References Cited 61 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 61 Chapter 2 Engaging the Private Sector in Forest Sector Development 63 Past Activities 64 Key Issues 65 Future Priorities for Activities 67 Notes 68 Selected Readings 68 References Cited 68 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 69 Annex 2A: World Bank Analytical and Advisory Activities and Economic and Sector Work Related to Governance Reform 70 Note 2.1 Company-Community Partnerships 71 Operational Aspects 73 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 74 Note 75 Selected Readings: Reviews 75 Selected Readings: Country Cases 76 References Cited 76 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 76 Note 2.2 Small and Medium Enterprises 77 Operational Aspects 78 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners "^ Notes 8I Selected Readings 81 References Cited 82 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 83 Annex 2.2A: Checklist of Key Issues to Determine SME Program Direction and Feasibility Nate 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arrangements: Payments for Environmental Services 8S Operational Aspects ^ Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners ^ CONTENTS Selected Readings References Cited Chapter 3 Meeting the Growing Demand for Forest Products: Plantation Forestry and Harvesting Operations in Natural Forests Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Resources Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3. / Mainstreaming Conservation Considerations into Productive Landscapes: Applying High-Conservation-Value Tools The HCV Concept—Why It Is Useful for Integrating Conservation and Production Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3.2 Forest Certification Systems Overview and Considerations of Interest for World Bank Activities Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Note Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 3.3 Forest Plantations in World Bank Operations Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Recommended Reading References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Chapter 4 Optimizing Forest Functions in a Landscape Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 4. f Integrated Forest Landscape Land-Use Planning Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 90 91 93 97 98 100 102 103 103 103 103 104 104 106 III III 112 112 112 113 113 113 114 116 116 116 116 117 117 120 121 121 121 123 125 125 128 130 130 130 131 132 132 (36 137 138 138 138 CONTENTS Note 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Landscape Interventions 139 Operational Aspects 139 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 141 Selected Readings 142 References Cited 142 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 142 Note 4.3 Using Adaptive Management to Improve Project Implementation 143 Overview and Considerations of Interest for World Bank Activities 143 Operational Aspects 143 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 148 Notes 149 Selected Readings 149 References Cited 149 Chapter 5 Improving Forest Governance 151 Past Activities 153 Key Issues 155 Future Priorities and Scaling Up Activities 156 Notes 157 Selected Readings 158 References Cited 158 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 158 Note 5. / Decentralized Forest Management 159 Operational Aspects 160 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 163 Selected Readings 164 References Cited 165 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 165 Note 5.2 Reforming Forest Institutions 1 Operational Aspects 167 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 171 References Cited 172 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 172 Note 5.3 Strengthening Legal Frameworks in the Forest Sector 173 Operational Aspects 173 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 176 Selected Readings 177 References Cited 177 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 177 Annex 5.3A: A Checklist of Potential Issues for the Forest Law Adviser 178 Annex 5.3B: Six Drafting Principles for Creating Better Forest Laws 179 Note 5.4 Strengthening Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 180 Operational Aspects 181 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 185 Selected Readings 186 References Cited 186 Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes 186 Annex 5.4A: A Summary of the Different Types of Charges Used in Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 187 Note 5.5 Addressing Illegal Logging and Other Forest Crime 189 Operational Aspects 190 Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners 195 Notts 197 Selected Readings 197 CONTB«rrS References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 5.5A: Drivers of Illegal Logging and Other Forest Crime: Motive, Means, and Opportunity Annex 5.58: Typical Contexts of Illegal Logging: Drivers and Potential Responses Chapter 6 Mainstreaming Forests into Development Policy and Planning Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling-Up Activities Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 6A:Timescale of Impacts of Energy Sector Reform on Forests and Forest Industries Note 6.1 Using National Forest Programs to Mainstream Forest Issues Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 6.2 Prospects for Using Policy Lending to Proactivefy Enable Forest Sector Reforms Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 6.3 Identifying the Need for Analysis on Forests in Development Policy Reforms Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 6.3A: Select Tools to Assist Scoping of Cross-Sectoral Impacts Annex 6.3B:Tools for Rapid Assessment of Cross-Sectoral Impacts Nate 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sector Impacts: Use of CEAs and SEAs Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Chapter 7 Monitoring and Information Systems for Forest Management Past Activities Key Issues Future Priorities and Scaling Up Notes Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Note 7.1 National Forest Inventories 197 197 198 199 203 204 205 208 210 211 211 212 213 214 216 219 220 220 220 220 221 221 226 227 228 228 228 229 230 234 235 235 235 235 236 237 238 238 242 245 245 246 246 247 249 249 255 255 255 256 256 257 CONTENTS Note 7.2 Note 7.3 Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Note Selected Readings References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Establishing Forest Management Information Systems Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Sources of Help Selected Readings Terms of Reference: Developing a National FMIS Annex 7.2A: Model Terms of Reference Spatial Monitoring of Forests Operational Aspects Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Practitioners Notes Recommended Reading References Cited Cross-Referenced Chapters and Notes Annex 7.3A: Elements for Terms of Reference for Developing a National System for Forest Monitoring and Information PART II GUIDANCE ON IMPLEMENTING FORESTS POLICY OP 4.36 Chapter 8 Introduction to the World Bank Forests Policy History of the World Bank's Forests Policies Scope of the Forests and Natural Habitats Policies Other Relevant Safeguard Policies Notes Reference Cited Chapter 9 Applying Forests Policy OP 4.36 Objective of the Forests Policy Main Requirements of the Forests Policy When Is the Forests Policy Triggered? Environmental Classification of Projects Involving Forests Guidelines on Implementing OP 4.36 Definitions Guidance on Development of Terms of Reference Related To OP 4.36 Social Assessment Identifying Critical Forests and Critical Natural Habitats through Environmental Assessment Protecting Forests through Conservation Offsets Notes Selected Readings References Cited Chapter 10 Consultation and Communication in Forest Sector Activities Consultation Communication Annex I0A: Checklist for Task Managers Note References Cited 258 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 267 268 269 269 270 270 274 276 279 281 281 282 282 283 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 293 294 294 295 296 298 299 310 314 316 316 317 319 319 323 332 334 334 CONTBtfTS Chapter 11 Forest Certification Assessment Guide: Summary on Use 335 The World Bank-World Wildlife Fund Forest Certification Assessment Guide (FCAG): Purpose and Concept 335 Using the Guide for World Bank Assessments of Certification Systems 336 Assessing Certification Systems 338 Providing Support Before Certification Using Time-Bound Action Plans 339 Notes 340 Selected Readings 340 References Cited 340 Annex 11 A: Model Terms of Reference for Assessment of Certification Systems 341 Annex I IB: Procedures and Terms of Reference for the Development and Assessment of a Time-Bound Action Plan for Certification 343 Chapter 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples 347 Identification of Indigenous Peoples 348 Objectives of the Policy 348 Key Policy Requirements 348 Project Implementation 354 References Cited 357 Annex I2A: Elements of an Indigenous Peoples Plan and Planning Framework 357 Index 359 BOXES I. I What Do We Mean by Poverty? 15 1.2 The Role of Forests in Benefiting the Rural Poor: An Example from die World Bank's China Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project 18 1.3 Forests for Poverty Alleviation: World Bank Albania Forestry Project 19 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Toolkit 26 1.5 Entry Points for Reassessing Poverty-Forest Linkages:The Example of Indonesia 27 1.6 An Overview of the Tools for Gathering Information at the Village or Community Level 28 1.7 Livelihood Analysis in Busongo,Tanzania 28 1.8 Identifying Opportunities for Getting Poverty-Forest Linkages into Data-Collection Systems: Example from Tanzania 29 1.9 Community Forestry Models around the World 31 1. 10 Different Degrees of Devolution of Forest Management to Communities 32 I.I I Improving Equity and Governance and Addressing Elite Capture in Nepal 33 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project 34 1.13 The Forest Sector in Cameroon 35 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexico 36 1.15 Brazil Santa Catarina Natural Resource Management and Rural Poverty Reduction Project 42 1.16 India Andhra Pradesh Community Forestry Management Project 45 1.17 Mexico first and Second Community Forestry Projects 47 1.18 Typology of Properly Rights 51 1.19 Characteristics of Secure Community Tenure 53 1.20 Examples of Potentially Pro-Poor Approaches to Tenure Reform in Forests 53 1.21 Opportunities to Advance Community Tenure Security: A Summary 54 1.22 Overcoming Barriers to Pro-Poor Forestry in Honduras 58 1.23 Market Analysis and Development in Community Forests of The Gambia 59 1.24 Strategic Partnerships in Southern Africa 59 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs in India and Nepal 60 21 IFC Projects in the Forest Products Sector 64 22 The Prevalence of SMFEs 67 23 Outgrower Contract for Wood Production: Xylo Irtdah Pratama, Indonesia 71 24 Social Responsibility Contract for Timber Production (with Lease of Use Rights and an N TPP Agreement): Bibiani Lumber Company and die Stool (Chief) of the Omanhene, Ghana 72 CONTENTS 2.5 Purchase Agreement for Nontimber Forest Products: Vegext Limited, Kenya 72 2.6 Multiple Land Use on Company Land: Beekeeping and Mondi, South Africa 72 2.7 Joint Venture for Ecosystem Services: Posada Amazonas Ecotourism, Peru 72 2.8 Local Sovereignty, Markets, and SMFEs in India and Guyana 78 2.9 Building SMFE Negotiating Capacity 79 2.10 Supporting Forest Enterprise Associations in Brazil 80 2.11 South African SMFEs and the Burden of Bureaucracy 81 2.12 Supporting Local Activists Who Support SMFEs in Guyana 81 2.13 Water Services Provided by Forests: Claims and Reality 88 2.14 Avoiding Perverse Incentives in PES 90 3.1 Technical Definitions 94 3.2 Factors Influencing Future Demand for Wood 95 3.3 Global Forest and Trade Network 101 3.4 The Forestry Sector Development Project for Vietnam ' 101 3.5 The Six Types of High Conservation Value Areas 105 3.6 Identifying HCVFs in State Forests and Taking It to Scale:The Case of China 107 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New Guinea 108 3.8 Mainstreaming HCVF Work in Bulgaria 108 3.9 National Interpretation of HCV Guidelines 109 3.10 Key Information Sources for HCV Identification 109 4.1 What Is a Landscape Approach? 124 4.2 Moving Beyond Optimization Models in Tri National de la Sangha 126 4.3 Incentives for Sustainable Forest Management in Fragmented Forest Landscape 126 4.4 Importance of Challenging Existing Institutional Arrangements that Discriminate Against Vulnerable Groups 128 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in the Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Initiative 129 4.6 Commonly Required Skills in a Planning Team 133 4.7 Who Are the Landscape Stakeholders? 133 4.8 Participating in the Management of the Tbngass National Forest 133 4.9 Baseline Data Needed on Aspects of the Forest Landscape 134 4.10 Participatory Mapping for Identifying the Landscape Value 135 4.11 Tools for Integrating Various Viewpoints 136 4.12 Potential Indicators to Monitor 140 4.13 Possible Indicators for Assessing Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Landscapes that Integrate Production and Conservation 141 4.14 Outcome Assessment Tracking 142 4.15 Conceptual Models: A Tool for Portraying a Site's Context and Determining Strategies 145 4.16 Tools for Clarifying and Testing Assumptions: Results Chains ' 46 4.17 Adaptive Management Applied: Sustainable Agriculture in Guatemala and Mexico 148 5.1 Examples of Bank Support for Prevention and Detection Activities in Project Lending 154 5.2 Finding Synergies Between the World Bank Group's Efforts in FLEG and Its Broader Governance Reforms for Greater Impact 155 5.3 REDD and Forest Governance 157 5.4 Legal Uncertainty in Indonesia 161 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Between Responsibilities and Resources and Resistance to Relinquishing Power 163 5.6 Participation and Transparency in Bolivia 164 5.7 Functions of Forest Organizations 166 5.8 The LJberian Forest Initiative: Institutional Reform in a Postconflict Country 167 5.9 Reducing Conflict of Interest in Forest Management: An Example from Countries in Transition 169 5.10 Measures for Transparent Budget Procedures: 170 5. i I Citizen Report Cards: Benchmarking Public Service Delivery 171 5.12 Reforming Forest Law in Postconflict Countries 174 5.13 Working on the Law with Lawyers 175 5.14 Common Problems with Fiscal Systems in die Forestry Sector 180 5.15 Informal Competition for Harvesting Rights in Fiji 181 5.16 Solutions to Problems with Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 182 5.17 Measures Specific to Combating Corruption in the Forest Sector 191 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjustment and Forests 204 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy Reform and Fuelwood Use: An Example from Azerbaijan 206 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian Reform on Community Forestry in Mexico 208 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina 210 6.5 NFP in Uganda 215 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Preparation and Implementation 216 6.7 Recurring Key Issues in Forest Sector Reviews 217 6.8 Vietnam's 5MHRP: An Example of Success 218 6.9 Mexico Environmental SAL Making It Work 221 6.10 Typology of Conditionality 222 6.11 Conditions in Development Policy Loans on Forestry: An Example from Ghana 223 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support Natural Resources Management in Gabon and Cameroon 224 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for Advancing the Forest Sector Agenda 226 6.14 Transparency and Predictability: An Example from Armenia 226 6.15 Themes Associated with World Bank Policy Lending Operations in FY05 and FY06 Relevant to the Forest Sector 232 6.16 The Forests Component in the Ghana CEA 240 6.17 SEA Definition 240 6.18 The Sector Study of Social and Environmental Impacts of Forest Environment Sector Program in Cameroon 242 6.19 Implementation of the Kenya Forests Ace An Institution-Centered SEA 243 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes in Armenian Forest Policy 248 7.2 Using Spatial Monitoring to Assess Links Between Energy Reform and Forests 248 7.3 Forest Assessments in India 250 7.4 Monitoring Efforts in Brazil 251 7.5 The Forest Resource Assessment Program of FAO 253 7.6 Motivation for Forest Inventory in Bosnia and Herzegovina 257 7.7 Forest Inventory in Tanzania 258 7.8 Example of Defining the Sample of Interest 259 7.9 Plot Stratification 259 7.10 Map-Based Estimation Methods 259 7.11 Estimating Costs 260 7.12 A Data Collection Model 261 7.13 System Architecture of a Standard FMIS 264 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzegovina 266 7.15 Private Consulting or Software Firms That Have Developed Turn-Key FMIS or Major FMIS Components for Customization to User Needs 268 7.17 Forest Monitoring in Indonesia 275 7.16 Forest Monitoring in Cameroon 275 7.18 Using Geospatial Tools for LULUCF Projects 276 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate Approach and Tools 277 7.20 Using Remote Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring 279 9.1 Methodology of Social Assessment 301 9.2 Participation Strategy 302 9.3 Participation Framework 302 9.4 Social Impact Report 302 9.5 Process Framework for Involuntary Access Restrictions 303 9.6 Cost-Benefit Analysis 305 9.7 Total Economic Valuation 305 9.8 Market Analysis 306 9.9 Cost Estimates 306 CONTENTS \| 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 12.1 12.2 Incentive Framework Poverty Impact Analysis Economic Monitoring Fiscal Impact Analysis Quantitative Analysis and Baseline Monitoring Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Environmental and Social Management Framework Typical Procedures for Establishing New Protected Areas Liberia Forest Initiative: A Strategic Partnership that Enables Consultation What is the Necessary Level of Consultation? Consultation in Cambodia: Lessons Learned Consultation in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Using Analytical Work to Start the Process Guidance for Addressing Concerns of Indigenous Peoples and Preempting Local Conflicts Elements of Communication and Collaboration Budgetary Issues: Cost Elements of Consultation Managing Risks through Strategic Communication:The Case of Cambodia Communications Implementation Plan OP 4.10 on Social Assessment OP 4.10 on Free, Prior, and Informed Consultation 306 307 307 307 308 309 310 310 311 315 320 321 322 323 324 325 325 331 331 350 351 FIGURES 1 Main Causes of Deforestation, by World Region. 1990-2000 2 2 Community Ownership and Administration of Forests 3 3 Commitment from the World Bank, GEF, and the IFC for Forests, FY01 to FY07 7 4 IBRD/IDA and GEF Forestry-Related Lending, Including Forest Components in Nonforest Projects, 1997-2006 8 5 Amount of IBRD/IDA Forestry Lending by Region, FY01-FY05 8 6 Regional Distribution of IBRD/IDA Lending, 2001-05 9 I. I Toward Tenure Security: Actors and Actions 52 1.2 Forest Market Development Strategy for Low-Income Producers 57 2.1 IFC Forest Sector Investments 64 2.2 IFC Forest Investments Regional Distribution, 2003-06 64 23 The Simple Economics of Payments for Environmental Service 85 2.4 Institutional Elements of a PES Mechanism 90 3.1 Pathways of Deforestation and Land Cover Conversion 94 3.2 A Possible Global Forest Scenario for 2050 97 3.3 HCVF Identification and Follow-up:The Ideal Picture I07 4.1 Necessary Ingredients for Project Success 144 4.2 General Project Management Cycfe 144 4.3 Timing of Outcomes and Impacts " H7 5.1 Identifying "Entry Points" and a Sustainable Reform Process to Improve Forest Governance 152 5Jt Illegal Forest Activity and ks Link with Corruption 190 5.3 National Action and International Cooperation for Controlling Forest Crime 191 6.1 Indirect Impact of Fiscal Reform on Forests 229 6.2 Key Building Blocks of CEAs 239 TABLES I.I 2.1 22 3.1 Changing Linkages between Forests and Poverty Company-Community Partnership Models for Different Forest Goods and Services World Bank Projects with Explicit PES Components Estimated Number of Years Left of Economically Accessible Timber, by Country 17 71 87 95 CONTOJTS 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Selected World Bank Client Countries, 2005 96 5.1 FLEG Components in the World Bank Forestry Portfolio, by Region 154 5.2 Forest Decentralization: Potential Advantages and Dangers 160 6.1 Typical Reforms in Policy-Based Operations, and Potential Forest Linkages 231 6.2 The Requirements, Significance, and Costs of Select Analytical Tools 233 6.3 Sample Checklist for Devaluation 236 6.4 Sample Qualitative Matrix for Devaluation 236 7.1 Areas Where New Methodologies and Technologies are Expected to Benefit NFIs 249 7.2 Example of Number of Images and Estimated Costs for a Remote-Sensing Survey with Different Resolution and Sampling Options 254 7.3 An Example of the Number and Cost of Field Plots in a Global Survey Using Field Data Only 255 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote Sensors, their Applications, and Limitations for Forest Monitoring 280 7.5 Global Forest Maps 281 10.1 Consultation at Various Stages of an Environmental Assessment Project 326 10.2 Listening to the Public 327 10.3 Involving the Public in Decision Making 328 10.4 Techniques for Conveying Information 330 12.1 General Consultation Process 352 CONTENTS \|
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spelling	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation World Bank Practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation Washington, D.C. World Bank 2008 p. cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Agriculture and rural development Erscheint: April 2008 Forestry projects Handbooks, manuals, etc Sustainable forestry Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest management Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest policy Handbooks, manuals, etc Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-8213-7164-0 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016538615&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation Forestry projects Handbooks, manuals, etc Sustainable forestry Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest management Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest policy Handbooks, manuals, etc
title	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_alt	Practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_auth	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_exact_search	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_exact_search_txtP	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_full	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation World Bank
title_fullStr	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation World Bank
title_full_unstemmed	Forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation World Bank
title_short	Forests sourcebook
title_sort	forests sourcebook practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
title_sub	practical guidance for sustaining forests in development cooperation
topic	Forestry projects Handbooks, manuals, etc Sustainable forestry Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest management Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest policy Handbooks, manuals, etc
topic_facet	Forestry projects Handbooks, manuals, etc Sustainable forestry Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest management Handbooks, manuals, etc Forest policy Handbooks, manuals, etc
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016538615&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

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