StadiumATLAS: technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Berlin
Ernst
2008
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 368 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783433018514 3433018510 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nixdorf, Stefan |d 1967- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)132458284 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a StadiumATLAS |b technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |c Stefan Nixdorf |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Stadium ATLAS |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Ernst |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a 368 S. |b überw. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 336 | |b sti |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Stadiums | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Stadiums |x Design and construction | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stadion |0 (DE-588)4182723-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |q text/html |u http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945698&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm |3 Inhaltstext |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805090586708934656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENT
FOREWORD 4
PREFACE 5
CHAPTER 01
A HISTORY OF STADIUM CONSTRUCTION
A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 10
A HISTORICAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 10
CIRCUS AND AMPHITHEATRE 12
MARCUS POLLIO VITRUVIUS 13
THE THEATRE OF ALBERTI 14
FROM THE BAROQUE TO THE LOGGIA THEATRE 16
DIVERGENCES BETWEEN GEOMETRIC
VIEWING ANGLES 17
HISTORICAL CLASSIFICATIONS 18
THE OLYMPIC IDEA 20
GENERATIONS OF STADIA 21
THE ORIGINS OF FOOTBALL 22
CHAPTER 02
PRELIMINARY PLANNING
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MEASURES
TO BE TAKEN IN THE RUN-UP OF CONST RUCT ING
A SPORTS AND EVENT VENUE 24
EVENT AND MOTIVATION 24
PRELIMINARY PLANNING 25
COMBINED GRW-PROCEDURE 26
NOISE CONTROL AND TRAFFIC 27
ACCESSIBILITY AND STATIONARY TRAFFIC 28
CHAPTER 03
ORGANIZATIUN OF USE
DETERMINATION OF USER GROUPS AND SAFETY
ASPECTS RELATED TO A SPORTS COMPLEX 32
DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS 32
SAFETY IN SPORTS STADIA 33
ZONING AND SECTORS 34
SECTOR DIVISION 35
*
ENTRANCE AREAS 36
ADMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM 36
CHAPTER 04
AUDITORIUM
A DEFINITION OF ALL PLANNING PARAMETERS
RELEVANT FOR A GRANDSTAND STRUCTURE 38
SPECTATOR COMFORT 38
DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS AT WORLD CUP
STADIUM COLOGNE 39
DEFINITION OF SEATING ACCOMMODATION 40
MEASUREMENTS OF SEATS 40
BARRIERS AND SIGHTLINE 41
BARRIER TYPES 42
SEATING TYPES 43
SAFETY BARRIERS FOR SEATS 44
STANDING ACCOMMODATION 45
RADIAL GANGWAYS IN STANDING AREAS 46
CRUSH BARRIERS 47
PLACES FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS 48
LOCATION AND NUMBER OF PLACES 49
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHEELCHAIR PLACES 51
CHAPTER 05
L/IP AREAS & CORPORATE HOSPITALITY
DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF HOSPITALITY AND THE SPECIAL
FUNCTION OF EXECUTIVE LOUNGES AND BOXES 52
VIP LOUNGES 52
EXECUTIVE CAPACITIES 56
VIP BOXES 57
WORLD CUP HOSPITALITY CONCEPT 2006 58
CONCEPTS FOR PRIVATE HOSPITALITY BOXES 59
DEFINITION OF THE TERM 'BOX TIER' 62
LOUNGE CONCEPTS 64
SURFACE AREA DEMANDS FOR LOUNGES 67
CHAPTER 06
STADIUM CATERING
CONCEPTS OF CULINARY SERVICE FOR SPECTATORS
STADIUM CATERING 68
KIOSK CONCEPTS 71
FIRST-AID POINTS 71
PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL KITCHEN 72
GENERAL WC AREAS 74
CHAPTER 07
MEDIA FACILITIES
WORKING AREAS AND REQUIREMENTS
OF THE MEDIA AND PRESS 76
MEDIA 76
WORKING AREAS FOR THE MEDIA 77
COMMENTATORS' POSITIONS 78
PHOTOGRAPHERS 79
WRITTEN PRESS (PRINT MEDIA) 80
TV PRODUCTION 80
MIXED ZONE 82
PRESS CENTRE IN THE STADIUM 83
FIFA - TV COMPOUND 84
TEMPORARY MEDIA FACILITIES 85
CAMERA POSITIONS 88
SPACE REQUIREMENTS OF CAMERA POSITIONS 90
SUPER SLOW MOTION 93
HIGH DEFINITION TV (16:9) 93
CHAPTER 08
PLAYERS' AREA AND CHANGING ROOMS
FACILITIES FOR PLAYERS, REFEREES AND
TEAM OFFICIALS 94
PLAYERS' AREA 94
PLAYERS' BENCH AND TUNNEL 96
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/983936307
CHAPTER 09
STADIUM ADMINISTRATION
ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONAL ROOMS SUCH AS STADIUM
CONTROL ROOM AND OTHER ANCILLARY ROOMS 98
STADIUM CONTROL ROOM 98
OTHER ANCILLARY ROOMS 99
CHAPTER 10
PLANNING PRINCIPLES
A LISTING OF ESSENTIAL REGULATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SPECTATOR FACILITIES 100
REGULATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 100
MANDATORY CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS 101
DEFINITION OF EN/DIN 103
THE GERMAN MVSTATTV 2005 (MODEL REGULATION
FOR PLACES OF ASSEMBLY) 104
DIMENSIONING OF ESCAPE ROUTES 105
EGRESS TIMES 107
HOLDING CAPACITY 108
CHAPTER 11
PRE-DIMENSIONING AND CIRCULATION
SHEDDING LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
CIRCULATION SYSTEMS AND HOLDING CAPACITY 110
EXTERNAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS 110
INTERNAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS 112
RADIAL GANGWAY TYPES 113
REDUCTION FACTOR 115
BLOCK DEFINITION FOR SEATING
ACCOMMODATION 116
CIRCULATION AREAS 117
CAPACITY PRE-DIMENSIONING 118
CHAPTER 12
THE MODULOR 'EN'
THE DEFINITION OF A TYPICAL STADIUM SPECTATOR
AS AN ANTHROPOMETRIC MINIMUM STANDARD
AND CONTRACTUALLY BINDING REFERENCE SIZE FOR
THE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF SPECTATOR
STANDS
122
THE MODULOR 'EN' (EUROPEAN NORM) 122
ARCHITECTURE AND HARMONY 123
THE'GOLDEN SECTION' 124
LE CORBUSIER'S MODULOR 126
'HOMO BENE FIGURATUS' 127
ANTHROPOMETRICS 128
CHAPTER 13
PHYSIOLOGY OF VIEWING
AN EVALUATION OF VISUAL ACUITY, SPATIAL
PERCEPTION AND VISUAL ANGLE ZONES BASED ON
AN EXAMINATION OF THE HUMAN EYE 130
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE 130
PHYSIOLOGY OF VISUAL ACUITY (RESOLUTION) 131
PHYSIOLOGY OF SPATIAL VIEWING 133
HUMAN FIELD OF PERCEPTION 134
VISUAL PERCEPTION 134
LIVE-EFFECT 135
VIEWING DISTANCE 136
VISUAL ANGLE ZONES 138
OPTIMUM VIEWING CIRCIC 140
CHAPTER 14
LAYOUT TYPES AND UNDULATION
DEFINING GEOMETRICAL FAMILIES AND EXPLAINING
THE GEOMETRICAL CONTEXT OF GROUND PLANS AND
OF INCLINATION PROFILES FOR GRANDSTANDS
142
LAYOUT TYPES 142
THEATRE UNDULATION 146
CHAPTER 15
PRINCIPLES OF SIGHTLINE CALCULATION
A METHODICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE
OPTIMIZED SIGHTLINE PROFILES FOR PLACES
OF CONGREGAT ION 150
GUIDELINES FOR SIGHTLINE PROFILES 150
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY 151
CALCULATION OF SINGLE RISER HEIGHT 152
SIGHTLINE ELEVATION |'C'VALUE] 153
THE TERM'SIGHTLINE' 154
STAND ELEVATION 155
EYE-POINT HEIGHT IN RELATION TO
SEATING/STANDING PLACE 1$ 156
SEATING ROW DEPTH AND WIDTH 158
SIGHTLINE ELEVATION 'C' 159
DISTANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW'
D
161
CHAPTER 16
INCLINATION AND 'POLYGONAL TRANSFORMATION'
THE OPTIMIZATION OF VIEWING CONDITIONS BY
MEANS OF MAXIMUM SLOPE AND 'POLYGONAL
TRANSFORMATION' OF AN EYE-POINT CURVE 162
GENERAL INTRODUCTION 162
RADIAL GANGWAY VERSUS STAIRS 162
REQUEST FOR DEVIATION 164
MAXIMUM GRADIENT OF STANDS 165
SAFETY COMPENSATION (20 CM) 166
LIMITATION OF ROWS (MAXIMUM
INCLINATION) 167
'POLYGONAL TRANSFORMATION' 168
CONTINUOUS DIFFERENCE IN RISE 169
PARAMETER STUDIES 171
CHAPTER 17
PARAMETER STUDIES
GEOMETRICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SIGHTLINE
PARAMETERS EYE-POINT HEIGHT, TREAD WIDTH,
'C'
VALUE AND DISTANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 172
CALCULATION OF A GRANDSTAND PROFILE 172
PARAMETER: HEIGHT AND DISTANCE 173
ADJUSTMENT OF'C' VALUE 174
SIGHTLINE SUMMARY 176
FIVE-STEP METHOD 177
CHAPTER 18
PLAYING FIELDS
A SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR SPORTS TYPES AND
RELEVANT DIMENSIONS AS A MEANS TO DETERMINE
THE MINIMUM DISTANCE OF A GRANDSTAND 178
FACILITIES FOR ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS 178
ORIENTATION 179
ATHLETICS ARENA 181
FORM TYPE 01 (IAAF STANDARD 400-M
RUNNING TRACK) 182
FORM TYPE 02 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 40/70) 182
FORM TYPE 03 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 60) 183
FORM TYPE 04 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 74/53) 183
FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 184
BASEBALL PLAYING FIELD 185
AMERICAN FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 186
RUGBY PLAYING FIELD 187
CRICKET PLAYING FIELD 188
AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 189
HOCKEY PLAYING FIELD 190
PLAYING FIELDS FOR INDOOR SPORTS 191
MINIMUM ANGLE OF VIEW AT THE ADVERTISING
HOARDING 194
SYSTEM VARIANTS FOR PERIMETER BOARD
ADVERTISING 195 ^
CHAPTER 19
SECURING OF THE PLAYING FIELD
THE ROLE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' AND SECURING OF THE
STADIUM INTERIOR TOWARD THE GRANDSTAND 196
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 196
SECURING MEASURES FOR THE PLAYING FIELD 196
PRINCIPLES OF PITCH SECURING 197
OPTION L: ELEVATION OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 200
OPTION 2: INSTALLING A FENCE SYSTEM 200
OPTION 3: MOATS 201
OPTION 4: PRESENCE OF SECURITY STAFF 201
MOBILE SECURITY MEASURES 202
SERVICE RING WITH DOWNWARD SLOPE 204
RESCUE OR RELIEF GATES 205
SECURING AGAINST STREAKERS VS. SECURING
AGAINST PANIC
206
CHAPTER 20
ADAPTABLE STADIA
STRUCTURAL CONVERSION OF MODERN SPORTS AND
EVENT FACILITIES IN THE LIGHT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL
UTILIZATION 208
THE ADAPTABLE COLISEUM 208
MULTIFUNCTIONAL STADIUM INTERIOR 210
MULTIPURPOSE HALL 212
MOVABLE GRASS PITCH 214
ADAPTABLE STADIA 216
RETRACTABLE LOWER TIER 218
CONVERTIBLE ROOFS 220
RETRACTABLE ROOF MEMBRANES 222
ADAPTING CAPACITY 224
SUPPLEMENTARY UTILIZATIONS 225
CHAPTER 21
LIGHT AND ARCHITECTURE
LIGHT ORCHESTRATION AND MEDIA-COMPATIBLE
FLOODLIGHTING FOR EVENT VENUES 226
ALLIANZ ARENA, MUNICH 226
COMPARISON PTFE/PVC 227
LIGHT AND STRUCTURE 228
FLOODLIGHT PLANNING 229
'RING OF FIRE'- BERLIN 231
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOODLIGHT TECHNOLOGY 232
ILLUMINANCE
E
233
SPORTS ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES 233
SAFETY FACILITIES 235
CHAPTER 22
NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL TURF
SHEDDING LIGHT ON A QUESTION OF FAITH
AND THE CURRENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF
DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE PLAYING FIELD 236
NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL TURF 236
THE ARTIFICIAL TURF FIBRE 238
'FIFA RECOMMENDED 2 STAR' 239
NATURAL TURF 240
'GREENGOAL' - FIFA WM 2006* 241
TURF EXCHANGE 242
FACTORS SUPPORTING TURF GROWTH 243
CHAPTER 23
THE PLANNING OF SIGNIFICANT ROOF STRUCTURES
AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
FOR FAST ORIENTATION 244
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMATICS 245
HYBRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 245
FAMILIES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 246
LINEAR SYSTEMS 248
'SIMULATED' SPATIAL SYSTEMS 250
'TRUE'SPATIAL SYSTEMS 251
FIFA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ROOF 253
FIFA SCOREBOARD 254
VISUAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 254
CHAPTER 24
GRANDSTAND PROFILES OF BUILT EXAMPLES
A COMPARISON OF THE STADIA FOR
FIFA WORLD CUP 2006* IN GERMANY 256
WORLD CUP STADIUM BERLIN 258
OLYMPIC STADIUM BERLIN -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS)
262
WORLD CUP STADIUM DORTMUND 268
SIGNAL IDUNA PARK, DORTMUND -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 270
WORLD CUP STADIUM FRANKFURT 274
COMMERZBANK ARENA, FRANKFURT -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 278
WORLD CUP STADIUM GELSENKIRCHEN 282
VELTINS ARENA, GELSENKIRCHEN -
TWO-TIER ARENA (MULTIPURPOSE HALL) 286
WORLD CUP STADIUM HAMBURG 290
AOL ARENA, HAMBURG -
THREE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 292
WORLD CUP STADIUM HANOVER 296
AWD ARENA, HANOVER -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL)
298
WORLD CUP STADIUM KAISERSLAULERN 302
FRITZ WALTER STADIUM, KAISERSLAUTERN -
ONE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 304
WORLD CUP STADIUM COLOGNE 308
RHEINENERGIESTADION, COLOGNE -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 310
WORLD CUP STADIUM LEIPZIG 314
ZENTRALSTADION, LEIPZIG -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 316
WORLD CUP STADIUM MUNICH 320
ALLIANZ ARENA, MUNICH -
THREE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 322
WORLD CUP STADIUM NUREMBERG 326
WORLD CUP STADIUM NUREMBERG-
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS)
328
WORLD CUP STADIUM STUTTGART 332
GOTTLIEB DAIMLER STADIUM, STUTTGART -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS) 334
CHAPTER 25
FINAL EVALUATION AND COMPENDIUM
AN ASSESSMENT SUMMARY OF THE TWELVE GERMAN
WORLD CUP STADIA AND SELECTED STADIA IN
KOREA /JAPAN, PORTUGAL, AUSTRIA/SWITZERLAND,
SOUTH AFRICA 338
STADIUM EVALUATION 338
FI FA WORLDCUP 2002* 346
UEFA EURO 2004* 348
FIFA WORLDCUP 2006* 351
UEFA EURO 2008* 352
FIFA WORLDCUP 2010* 355
APPENDIX
EPILOGUE 357
NOTES 358
BIBLIOGRAPHY 362
SOURCES 364
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 366
ARCHITECTS OF THE FOOTBALL WORLD CUP STADIA,
GERMANY 2006 367
LIST OF ADVERTISERS 367 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENT
FOREWORD 4
PREFACE 5
CHAPTER 01
A HISTORY OF STADIUM CONSTRUCTION
A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 10
A HISTORICAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 10
CIRCUS AND AMPHITHEATRE 12
MARCUS POLLIO VITRUVIUS 13
THE THEATRE OF ALBERTI 14
FROM THE BAROQUE TO THE LOGGIA THEATRE 16
DIVERGENCES BETWEEN GEOMETRIC
VIEWING ANGLES 17
HISTORICAL CLASSIFICATIONS 18
THE OLYMPIC IDEA 20
GENERATIONS OF STADIA 21
THE ORIGINS OF FOOTBALL 22
CHAPTER 02
PRELIMINARY PLANNING
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MEASURES
TO BE TAKEN IN THE RUN-UP OF CONST RUCT ING
A SPORTS AND EVENT VENUE 24
EVENT AND MOTIVATION 24
PRELIMINARY PLANNING 25
COMBINED GRW-PROCEDURE 26
NOISE CONTROL AND TRAFFIC 27
ACCESSIBILITY AND STATIONARY TRAFFIC 28
CHAPTER 03
ORGANIZATIUN OF USE
DETERMINATION OF USER GROUPS AND SAFETY
ASPECTS RELATED TO A SPORTS COMPLEX 32
DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS 32
SAFETY IN SPORTS STADIA 33
ZONING AND SECTORS 34
SECTOR DIVISION 35
*
ENTRANCE AREAS 36
ADMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM 36
CHAPTER 04
AUDITORIUM
A DEFINITION OF ALL PLANNING PARAMETERS
RELEVANT FOR A GRANDSTAND STRUCTURE 38
SPECTATOR COMFORT 38
DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS AT WORLD CUP
STADIUM COLOGNE 39
DEFINITION OF SEATING ACCOMMODATION 40
MEASUREMENTS OF SEATS 40
BARRIERS AND SIGHTLINE 41
BARRIER TYPES 42
SEATING TYPES 43
SAFETY BARRIERS FOR SEATS 44
STANDING ACCOMMODATION 45
RADIAL GANGWAYS IN STANDING AREAS 46
CRUSH BARRIERS 47
PLACES FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS 48
LOCATION AND NUMBER OF PLACES 49
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHEELCHAIR PLACES 51
CHAPTER 05
L/IP AREAS & CORPORATE HOSPITALITY
DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF HOSPITALITY AND THE SPECIAL
FUNCTION OF EXECUTIVE LOUNGES AND BOXES 52
VIP LOUNGES 52
EXECUTIVE CAPACITIES 56
VIP BOXES 57
WORLD CUP HOSPITALITY CONCEPT 2006 58
CONCEPTS FOR PRIVATE HOSPITALITY BOXES 59
DEFINITION OF THE TERM 'BOX TIER' 62
LOUNGE CONCEPTS 64
SURFACE AREA DEMANDS FOR LOUNGES 67
CHAPTER 06
STADIUM CATERING
CONCEPTS OF CULINARY SERVICE FOR SPECTATORS
STADIUM CATERING 68
KIOSK CONCEPTS 71
FIRST-AID POINTS 71
PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL KITCHEN 72
GENERAL WC AREAS 74
CHAPTER 07
MEDIA FACILITIES
WORKING AREAS AND REQUIREMENTS
OF THE MEDIA AND PRESS 76
MEDIA 76
WORKING AREAS FOR THE MEDIA 77
COMMENTATORS' POSITIONS 78
PHOTOGRAPHERS 79
WRITTEN PRESS (PRINT MEDIA) 80
TV PRODUCTION 80
MIXED ZONE 82
PRESS CENTRE IN THE STADIUM 83
FIFA - TV COMPOUND 84
TEMPORARY MEDIA FACILITIES 85
CAMERA POSITIONS 88
SPACE REQUIREMENTS OF CAMERA POSITIONS 90
SUPER SLOW MOTION 93
HIGH DEFINITION TV (16:9) 93
CHAPTER 08
PLAYERS' AREA AND CHANGING ROOMS
FACILITIES FOR PLAYERS, REFEREES AND
TEAM OFFICIALS 94
PLAYERS' AREA 94
PLAYERS' BENCH AND TUNNEL 96
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/983936307
CHAPTER 09
STADIUM ADMINISTRATION
ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONAL ROOMS SUCH AS STADIUM
CONTROL ROOM AND OTHER ANCILLARY ROOMS 98
STADIUM CONTROL ROOM 98
OTHER ANCILLARY ROOMS 99
CHAPTER 10
PLANNING PRINCIPLES
A LISTING OF ESSENTIAL REGULATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SPECTATOR FACILITIES 100
REGULATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 100
MANDATORY CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS 101
DEFINITION OF EN/DIN 103
THE GERMAN MVSTATTV 2005 (MODEL REGULATION
FOR PLACES OF ASSEMBLY) 104
DIMENSIONING OF ESCAPE ROUTES 105
EGRESS TIMES 107
HOLDING CAPACITY 108
CHAPTER 11
PRE-DIMENSIONING AND CIRCULATION
SHEDDING LIGHT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
CIRCULATION SYSTEMS AND HOLDING CAPACITY 110
EXTERNAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS 110
INTERNAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS 112
RADIAL GANGWAY TYPES 113
REDUCTION FACTOR 115
BLOCK DEFINITION FOR SEATING
ACCOMMODATION 116
CIRCULATION AREAS 117
CAPACITY PRE-DIMENSIONING 118
CHAPTER 12
THE MODULOR 'EN'
THE DEFINITION OF A TYPICAL STADIUM SPECTATOR
AS AN ANTHROPOMETRIC MINIMUM STANDARD
AND CONTRACTUALLY BINDING REFERENCE SIZE FOR
THE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF SPECTATOR
STANDS
122
THE MODULOR 'EN' (EUROPEAN NORM) 122
ARCHITECTURE AND HARMONY 123
THE'GOLDEN SECTION' 124
LE CORBUSIER'S MODULOR 126
'HOMO BENE FIGURATUS' 127
ANTHROPOMETRICS 128
CHAPTER 13
PHYSIOLOGY OF VIEWING
AN EVALUATION OF VISUAL ACUITY, SPATIAL
PERCEPTION AND VISUAL ANGLE ZONES BASED ON
AN EXAMINATION OF THE HUMAN EYE 130
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE 130
PHYSIOLOGY OF VISUAL ACUITY (RESOLUTION) 131
PHYSIOLOGY OF SPATIAL VIEWING 133
HUMAN FIELD OF PERCEPTION 134
VISUAL PERCEPTION 134
LIVE-EFFECT 135
VIEWING DISTANCE 136
VISUAL ANGLE ZONES 138
OPTIMUM VIEWING CIRCIC 140
CHAPTER 14
LAYOUT TYPES AND UNDULATION
DEFINING GEOMETRICAL FAMILIES AND EXPLAINING
THE GEOMETRICAL CONTEXT OF GROUND PLANS AND
OF INCLINATION PROFILES FOR GRANDSTANDS
142
LAYOUT TYPES 142
THEATRE UNDULATION 146
CHAPTER 15
PRINCIPLES OF SIGHTLINE CALCULATION
A METHODICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE
OPTIMIZED SIGHTLINE PROFILES FOR PLACES
OF CONGREGAT ION 150
GUIDELINES FOR SIGHTLINE PROFILES 150
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY 151
CALCULATION OF SINGLE RISER HEIGHT 152
SIGHTLINE ELEVATION |'C'VALUE] 153
THE TERM'SIGHTLINE' 154
STAND ELEVATION 155
EYE-POINT HEIGHT IN RELATION TO
SEATING/STANDING PLACE 1$ 156
SEATING ROW DEPTH AND WIDTH 158
SIGHTLINE ELEVATION 'C' 159
DISTANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW'
D
161
CHAPTER 16
INCLINATION AND 'POLYGONAL TRANSFORMATION'
THE OPTIMIZATION OF VIEWING CONDITIONS BY
MEANS OF MAXIMUM SLOPE AND 'POLYGONAL
TRANSFORMATION' OF AN EYE-POINT CURVE 162
GENERAL INTRODUCTION 162
RADIAL GANGWAY VERSUS STAIRS 162
REQUEST FOR DEVIATION 164
MAXIMUM GRADIENT OF STANDS 165
SAFETY COMPENSATION (20 CM) 166
LIMITATION OF ROWS (MAXIMUM
INCLINATION) 167
'POLYGONAL TRANSFORMATION' 168
CONTINUOUS DIFFERENCE IN RISE 169
PARAMETER STUDIES 171
CHAPTER 17
PARAMETER STUDIES
GEOMETRICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SIGHTLINE
PARAMETERS EYE-POINT HEIGHT, TREAD WIDTH,
'C'
VALUE AND DISTANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 172
CALCULATION OF A GRANDSTAND PROFILE 172
PARAMETER: HEIGHT AND DISTANCE 173
ADJUSTMENT OF'C' VALUE 174
SIGHTLINE SUMMARY 176
FIVE-STEP METHOD 177
CHAPTER 18
PLAYING FIELDS
A SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR SPORTS TYPES AND
RELEVANT DIMENSIONS AS A MEANS TO DETERMINE
THE MINIMUM DISTANCE OF A GRANDSTAND 178
FACILITIES FOR ATHLETICS COMPETITIONS 178
ORIENTATION 179
ATHLETICS ARENA 181
FORM TYPE 01 (IAAF STANDARD 400-M
RUNNING TRACK) 182
FORM TYPE 02 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 40/70) 182
FORM TYPE 03 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 60) 183
FORM TYPE 04 (IAAF DOUBLE BEND
TRACK 74/53) 183
FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 184
BASEBALL PLAYING FIELD 185
AMERICAN FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 186
RUGBY PLAYING FIELD 187
CRICKET PLAYING FIELD 188
AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL PLAYING FIELD 189
HOCKEY PLAYING FIELD 190
PLAYING FIELDS FOR INDOOR SPORTS 191
MINIMUM ANGLE OF VIEW AT THE ADVERTISING
HOARDING 194
SYSTEM VARIANTS FOR PERIMETER BOARD
ADVERTISING 195 ^
CHAPTER 19
SECURING OF THE PLAYING FIELD
THE ROLE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' AND SECURING OF THE
STADIUM INTERIOR TOWARD THE GRANDSTAND 196
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 196
SECURING MEASURES FOR THE PLAYING FIELD 196
PRINCIPLES OF PITCH SECURING 197
OPTION L: ELEVATION OF THE 'FIRST ROW' 200
OPTION 2: INSTALLING A FENCE SYSTEM 200
OPTION 3: MOATS 201
OPTION 4: PRESENCE OF SECURITY STAFF 201
MOBILE SECURITY MEASURES 202
SERVICE RING WITH DOWNWARD SLOPE 204
RESCUE OR RELIEF GATES 205
SECURING AGAINST STREAKERS VS. SECURING
AGAINST PANIC
206
CHAPTER 20
ADAPTABLE STADIA
STRUCTURAL CONVERSION OF MODERN SPORTS AND
EVENT FACILITIES IN THE LIGHT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL
UTILIZATION 208
THE ADAPTABLE COLISEUM 208
MULTIFUNCTIONAL STADIUM INTERIOR 210
MULTIPURPOSE HALL 212
MOVABLE GRASS PITCH 214
ADAPTABLE STADIA 216
RETRACTABLE LOWER TIER 218
CONVERTIBLE ROOFS 220
RETRACTABLE ROOF MEMBRANES 222
ADAPTING CAPACITY 224
SUPPLEMENTARY UTILIZATIONS 225
CHAPTER 21
LIGHT AND ARCHITECTURE
LIGHT ORCHESTRATION AND MEDIA-COMPATIBLE
FLOODLIGHTING FOR EVENT VENUES 226
ALLIANZ ARENA, MUNICH 226
COMPARISON PTFE/PVC 227
LIGHT AND STRUCTURE 228
FLOODLIGHT PLANNING 229
'RING OF FIRE'- BERLIN 231
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOODLIGHT TECHNOLOGY 232
ILLUMINANCE
E
233
SPORTS ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES 233
SAFETY FACILITIES 235
CHAPTER 22
NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL TURF
SHEDDING LIGHT ON A QUESTION OF FAITH
AND THE CURRENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF
DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE PLAYING FIELD 236
NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL TURF 236
THE ARTIFICIAL TURF FIBRE 238
'FIFA RECOMMENDED 2 STAR' 239
NATURAL TURF 240
'GREENGOAL' - FIFA WM 2006* 241
TURF EXCHANGE 242
FACTORS SUPPORTING TURF GROWTH 243
CHAPTER 23
THE PLANNING OF SIGNIFICANT ROOF STRUCTURES
AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
FOR FAST ORIENTATION 244
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMATICS 245
HYBRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 245
FAMILIES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 246
LINEAR SYSTEMS 248
'SIMULATED' SPATIAL SYSTEMS 250
'TRUE'SPATIAL SYSTEMS 251
FIFA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ROOF 253
FIFA SCOREBOARD 254
VISUAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 254
CHAPTER 24
GRANDSTAND PROFILES OF BUILT EXAMPLES
A COMPARISON OF THE STADIA FOR
FIFA WORLD CUP 2006* IN GERMANY 256
WORLD CUP STADIUM BERLIN 258
OLYMPIC STADIUM BERLIN -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS)
262
WORLD CUP STADIUM DORTMUND 268
SIGNAL IDUNA PARK, DORTMUND -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 270
WORLD CUP STADIUM FRANKFURT 274
COMMERZBANK ARENA, FRANKFURT -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 278
WORLD CUP STADIUM GELSENKIRCHEN 282
VELTINS ARENA, GELSENKIRCHEN -
TWO-TIER ARENA (MULTIPURPOSE HALL) 286
WORLD CUP STADIUM HAMBURG 290
AOL ARENA, HAMBURG -
THREE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 292
WORLD CUP STADIUM HANOVER 296
AWD ARENA, HANOVER -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL)
298
WORLD CUP STADIUM KAISERSLAULERN 302
FRITZ WALTER STADIUM, KAISERSLAUTERN -
ONE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 304
WORLD CUP STADIUM COLOGNE 308
RHEINENERGIESTADION, COLOGNE -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 310
WORLD CUP STADIUM LEIPZIG 314
ZENTRALSTADION, LEIPZIG -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 316
WORLD CUP STADIUM MUNICH 320
ALLIANZ ARENA, MUNICH -
THREE-TIER STADIUM (FOOTBALL) 322
WORLD CUP STADIUM NUREMBERG 326
WORLD CUP STADIUM NUREMBERG-
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS)
328
WORLD CUP STADIUM STUTTGART 332
GOTTLIEB DAIMLER STADIUM, STUTTGART -
TWO-TIER STADIUM (ATHLETICS) 334
CHAPTER 25
FINAL EVALUATION AND COMPENDIUM
AN ASSESSMENT SUMMARY OF THE TWELVE GERMAN
WORLD CUP STADIA AND SELECTED STADIA IN
KOREA /JAPAN, PORTUGAL, AUSTRIA/SWITZERLAND,
SOUTH AFRICA 338
STADIUM EVALUATION 338
FI FA WORLDCUP 2002* 346
UEFA EURO 2004* 348
FIFA WORLDCUP 2006* 351
UEFA EURO 2008* 352
FIFA WORLDCUP 2010* 355
APPENDIX
EPILOGUE 357
NOTES 358
BIBLIOGRAPHY 362
SOURCES 364
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 366
ARCHITECTS OF THE FOOTBALL WORLD CUP STADIA,
GERMANY 2006 367
LIST OF ADVERTISERS 367 |
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| author | Nixdorf, Stefan 1967- |
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| dewey-search | 725.827 |
| dewey-sort | 3725.827 |
| dewey-tens | 720 - Architecture |
| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Architektur |
| discipline_str_mv | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Architektur |
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| id | DE-604.BV023347357 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:03:54Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:42:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783433018514 3433018510 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016531022 |
| oclc_num | 221062065 |
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| physical | 368 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Ernst |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Nixdorf, Stefan 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)132458284 aut StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia Stefan Nixdorf Stadium ATLAS Berlin Ernst 2008 368 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stadiums Stadiums Design and construction Stadion (DE-588)4182723-5 gnd rswk-swf Stadion (DE-588)4182723-5 s DE-604 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945698&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016531022&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nixdorf, Stefan 1967- StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia Stadiums Stadiums Design and construction Stadion (DE-588)4182723-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4182723-5 |
| title | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| title_alt | Stadium ATLAS |
| title_auth | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| title_exact_search | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| title_full | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia Stefan Nixdorf |
| title_fullStr | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia Stefan Nixdorf |
| title_full_unstemmed | StadiumATLAS technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia Stefan Nixdorf |
| title_short | StadiumATLAS |
| title_sort | stadiumatlas technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| title_sub | technical recommendations for grandstands in modern stadia |
| topic | Stadiums Stadiums Design and construction Stadion (DE-588)4182723-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadiums Stadiums Design and construction Stadion |
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