How we reason:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ., reprinted |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | X, 573 S. |
| ISBN: | 0198569769 9780198569763 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137690547879936 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
і
Part I The World in Our Conscious Minds
2
Icons and Images
21
3
Models of Possibilities: From Conjuring Tricks to
Disasters
38
Part II The World in Our Unconscious Minds
4
Mental Architecture and the Unconscious
5/
5
Intuitions and Unconscious Reasoning
6(7
6
Emotions as Inferences
73
7
Reasoning in Psychological Illnesses
89
Part III How We Make Deductions
8
Only Connections
105
9
I m my own Grandpa: Reasoning About Identities and Other
Relations
119
10
Syllogisms and Reasoning about Properties
136
11
Isn t Everyone an Optimist? The Case of Complex
Reasoning
753
Part IV How We Make Inductions
12
Modulation: A Step Towards Induction
165
13
Knowledge and Inductions
174
14
Sherlock
Holmess
Method: Abduction
7«5
15
The Balance of Probabilities
797
Part V What Makes us Rational
16
Counterexamples
213
CONTENTS
17
Truths, Lies, and the Higher Reasoning
231
Part VI How We Develop Our Ability to Reason
18
On Development
247
19
Strategies and Cultures
262
20
How We can Improve our Reasoning
279
Part
VII
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Problems
21
The Puzzles of If
295
22
Causes and Obligations
31
J
23
Beliefs, Heresies, and Changes in Mind
332
24
How we Solve Problems
350
Part
VIII
Expert Reasoning in Technology, Logic,
and Science
25
Flying Bicycles: How the Wright Brothers Invented
the Airplane
369
26
Unwrapping an Enigma
387
27
On the Mode of the Communication of Cholera
402
28
How we Reason
414
Glossary
424
Notes on the Chapters
431
Acknowledgements
494
References
497
Name Index
545
Subject Index
557
Good reasoning con lead to success; bad
reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet it s not
obvious how we reason, and why we make
mistakes—so much of our mental life goes on
outside our awareness. In recent years huge
strides have been made into developing a
scientific understanding of reasoning. This new
book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip
Johnson-laird, looks at the mental processes that
underlie our reasoning.
We can all reason from our childhood
onwards —but how? How We Reason presents a
bold approach to understanding reasoning.
According to this approach, we don t rely on the
laws of logic or probability—we reason by
thinking about what s possible, we reason by
seeing what is common to the possibilities. As the
book shows, this approach can answer many
questions about how we reason, and what
causes mistakes in our reasoning that can lead to
disasters such as Chernobyl. It shows why our
irrational fears may become psychological
illnesses, why terrorists develop crazy
ideologies, and how we can
oct
in order to
improve our reasoning. The book ends by looking
at the role of reasoning in three extraordinary
case histories: the Wright brothers use of
analogies in inventing their flyer, the cryptanalysts
deductions in breaking the Germans Enigma
code in World War
li,
and Dr. John Snow s
inductive reosoning in discovering how cholera
spread from one person to another.
Stimulating, and controversial, How We reason
provides the most accessible account yet of the
science behind one of the most intriguing facets
of being human.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1
Introduction
і
Part I The World in Our Conscious Minds
2
Icons and Images
21
3
Models of Possibilities: From Conjuring Tricks to
Disasters
38
Part II The World in Our Unconscious Minds
4
Mental Architecture and the Unconscious
5/
5
Intuitions and Unconscious Reasoning
6(7
6
Emotions as Inferences
73
7
Reasoning in Psychological Illnesses
89
Part III How We Make Deductions
8
Only Connections
105
9
I'm my own Grandpa: Reasoning About Identities and Other
Relations
119
10
Syllogisms and Reasoning about Properties
136
11
Isn't Everyone an Optimist? The Case of Complex
Reasoning
753
Part IV How We Make Inductions
12
Modulation: A Step Towards Induction
165
13
Knowledge and Inductions
174
14
Sherlock
Holmess
Method: Abduction
7«5
15
The Balance of Probabilities
797
Part V What Makes us Rational
16
Counterexamples
213
CONTENTS
17
Truths, Lies, and the Higher Reasoning
231
Part VI How We Develop Our Ability to Reason
18
On Development
247
19
Strategies and Cultures
262
20
How We can Improve our Reasoning
279
Part
VII
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Problems
21
The Puzzles of' If
295
22
Causes and Obligations
31
J
23
Beliefs, Heresies, and Changes in Mind
332
24
How we Solve Problems
350
Part
VIII
Expert Reasoning in Technology, Logic,
and Science
25
Flying Bicycles: How the Wright Brothers Invented
the Airplane
369
26
Unwrapping an Enigma
387
27
On the Mode of the Communication of Cholera
402
28
How we Reason
414
Glossary
424
Notes on the Chapters
431
Acknowledgements
494
References
497
Name Index
545
Subject Index
557
Good reasoning con lead to success; bad
reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet it's not
obvious how we reason, and why we make
mistakes—so much of our mental life goes on
outside our awareness. In recent years huge
strides have been made into developing a
scientific understanding of reasoning. This new
book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip
Johnson-laird, looks at the mental processes that
underlie our reasoning.
We can all reason from our childhood
onwards —but how? How We Reason presents a
bold approach to understanding reasoning.
According to this approach, we don't rely on the
laws of logic or probability—we reason by
thinking about what's possible, we reason by
seeing what is common to the possibilities. As the
book shows, this approach can answer many
questions about how we reason, and what
causes mistakes in our reasoning that can lead to
disasters such as Chernobyl. It shows why our
irrational fears may become psychological
illnesses, why terrorists develop 'crazy'
ideologies, and how we can
oct
in order to
improve our reasoning. The book ends by looking
at the role of reasoning in three extraordinary
case histories: the Wright brothers' use of
analogies in inventing their flyer, the cryptanalysts'
deductions in breaking the Germans' Enigma
code in World War
li,
and Dr. John Snow's
inductive reosoning in discovering how cholera
spread from one person to another.
Stimulating, and controversial, How We reason
provides the most accessible account yet of the
science behind one of the most intriguing facets
of being human. |
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| discipline | Psychologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Psychologie |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:00:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:16:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0198569769 9780198569763 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Johnson-Laird, Philip Nicholas 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)12408902X aut How we reason Philip N. Johnson-Laird 1. publ., reprinted Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2008 X, 573 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schlussfolgern swd Reasoning (Psychology) Schlussfolgern (DE-588)4251178-1 gnd rswk-swf Schlussfolgern (DE-588)4251178-1 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016522498&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016522498&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4251178-1 |
| title | How we reason |
| title_auth | How we reason |
| title_exact_search | How we reason |
| title_exact_search_txtP | How we reason |
| title_full | How we reason Philip N. Johnson-Laird |
| title_fullStr | How we reason Philip N. Johnson-Laird |
| title_full_unstemmed | How we reason Philip N. Johnson-Laird |
| title_short | How we reason |
| title_sort | how we reason |
| topic | Schlussfolgern swd Reasoning (Psychology) Schlussfolgern (DE-588)4251178-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Schlussfolgern Reasoning (Psychology) |
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