Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain:
A major new study of the role of women in the labor market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrate...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Contributor biographical information Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis Rezension |
| Zusammenfassung: | A major new study of the role of women in the labor market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimizing the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximized both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity. |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 377 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521880637 9780521880633 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a A major new study of the role of women in the labor market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimizing the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximized both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity. | |
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1650-1870 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Women employees |z Great Britain |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sex discrimination against women |z Great Britain |x History |y 19th century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137690125303808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain
Autor: Burnette, Joyce
Jahr: 2008
Contents
List offigures page vi
List of tables vii
Preface xi
Introduction 1
1 Women s occupations 16
2 Women s wages 72
3 Explaining occupational sorting 136
4 Testing for occupational barriers in agriculture 186
5 Barriers to women s employment 221
6 Occupational barriers in self-employment 274
7 Women s labor force participation 306
8 Conclusion 327
Appendix to Chapter 3 336
Appendix to Chapter 4 342
Bibliography 351
Index 370
v
Figures
1.1 The prevalence of women in commercial directories page 33
1.2 The age distribution of textile factory workers 43
2.1 The female-male wage ratio by age in textile factories 79
2.2 The female-male wage ratio by age in agriculture 80
2.3 Female-male strength ratios: adults 107
2.4 Female-male strength ratios: teens 107
2.5 Female winter wages 127
2.6 Female summer wages 127
2.7 Wage persistence 130
3.1 A general example of a strength-productivity
relationship 141
3.2 A specific example: productivity as a function of
strength in occupations A and B 142
3.3 The efficiency costs of moving workers 143
3.4 A decline in the price of good B 144
3.5 Entry of a new occupation 147
3.6 Determination of the wage ratio in Model B 149
3.7 A change in technology 150
3.8 The distribution of male and female workers across
cloths of various piece-rates 160
3.9 The effect of the lace-making industry on the
market wage ratio 167
5.1 Hicks s bargaining model 251
5.2 Male wages at the Estcourt Farm in Shipton
Moyne, Gloucestershire 263
5.3 Daily wage of John Rickards at the Estcourt farm 263
7.1 Changes over time in the prevalence of women in
commercial directories 308
7.2 Female-male wage ratio in agriculture 311
7.3 Feinstein s estimates of real earnings 319
vi
Tables
1.1 Occupations in the 1841 and 1851 censuses:
Great Britain page 19
1.2 The occupations of women workers: Higgs s
revisions of census data 22
1.3 Employment ratios 26
1.4 Comparison of commercial directories and population 31
1.5 Number of independent tradeswomen, from
commercial directories 32
1.6 The top ten most common occupations for men
and women in commercial directories 35
1.7 Wages in lace-making 47
1.8 The British proprietress 66
2.1 Women s wages compared to men s 74
2.2 Payments for reaping at Gooseacre Farm, Radley,
Berkshire 88
2.3 Servants wages 96
2.4 Differences in physical Performance by sex 109
2.5 Gender gaps in Performance for recruits and soldiers 110
2.6 Examples of apprenticeship premiums 119
2.7 Wage persistence, female summer wages 129
3.1 Male and female strength distributions 141
3.2 Wages paid to laborers at the Apley Park farm,
Jury 15, 1836 151
3.3 Age-specific marital fertility 173
3.4 Women s wages in cottage industry compared to
wages in other industries, 1833 181
4.1 Descriptive statistics: Arthur Young s data 191
4.2 Distribution of farm size 192
4.3 OLS and Tobit estimations: specification one 194
4.4 OLS and Tobit estimations: specification two 195
vii
viii List of tables
4.5 Elastidties 197
4.6 Two-stage least Squares estimates and specification test 200
4.7 Means of wages: 1770 204
4.8 Correlations of men s and women s wages: 1770 204
4.9 Log-log regressions: 1770 205
4.10 Wages in 1833 207
4.11 Correlations of men s and women s wages: 1833 208
4.12 Log-log regressions: 1833 209
4.13 Industry regressions: 1833 210
4.14 Correlation ofseasonal wage differences: 1833 212
4.15 Difference-of-log regressions: 1833 213
4.16 The effect of unemployment: 1833 213
4.17 Correlations with boys wages: 1833 214
4.18 Wages in England and Wales: 1860-1 215
4.19 Correlations of men s and women s wages: 1860-1 216
4.20 Log-log regressions: 1860-1 217
4.21 Correlations of wage differences: 1860-1 217
4.22 Difference-of-log regressions: 1860-1 218
4.23 Descriptive statistics: French agricultural day-laborers
in 1839 219
4.24 French agricultural day-laborers: 1839 219
5.1 The percentage of women in selected occupations:
the 1841 census 222
5.2 Occupational sorting in skilled occupations:
Manchester, 1846 223
5.3 The gender division of labor in staymaking 224
5.4 The apprenticeship of girls 237
6.1 Sorting in the garment trades 276
6.2 Capital requirements: Campbell s estimates
compared to others 282
6.3 Percent female compared to capital requirements 287
6.4 Correlation of minimum capital requirements with
the percentage of business owners who were women 288
6.5 Professional employment in the censuses 293
7.1 Married women s labor force participation from
census totals 307
7.2 Indexes of occupational segregation from
commercial directories 316
7.3 Trends in female participation in some of the
largest occupations 317
7.4 The predicted effect of changes in real eamings on
married women s labor force participation 320
List of tables IX
8.1 Gender division of labor by strength category
of occupation 333
8.2 Men s hours of housework as a percentage of women s
hours of housework 334
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain
Autor: Burnette, Joyce
Jahr: 2008
Contents
List offigures page vi
List of tables vii
Preface xi
Introduction 1
1 Women's occupations 16
2 Women's wages 72
3 Explaining occupational sorting 136
4 Testing for occupational barriers in agriculture 186
5 Barriers to women's employment 221
6 Occupational barriers in self-employment 274
7 Women's labor force participation 306
8 Conclusion 327
Appendix to Chapter 3 336
Appendix to Chapter 4 342
Bibliography 351
Index 370
v
Figures
1.1 The prevalence of women in commercial directories page 33
1.2 The age distribution of textile factory workers 43
2.1 The female-male wage ratio by age in textile factories 79
2.2 The female-male wage ratio by age in agriculture 80
2.3 Female-male strength ratios: adults 107
2.4 Female-male strength ratios: teens 107
2.5 Female winter wages 127
2.6 Female summer wages 127
2.7 Wage persistence 130
3.1 A general example of a strength-productivity
relationship 141
3.2 A specific example: productivity as a function of
strength in occupations A and B 142
3.3 The efficiency costs of moving workers 143
3.4 A decline in the price of good B 144
3.5 Entry of a new occupation 147
3.6 Determination of the wage ratio in Model B 149
3.7 A change in technology 150
3.8 The distribution of male and female workers across
cloths of various piece-rates 160
3.9 The effect of the lace-making industry on the
market wage ratio 167
5.1 Hicks's bargaining model 251
5.2 Male wages at the Estcourt Farm in Shipton
Moyne, Gloucestershire 263
5.3 Daily wage of John Rickards at the Estcourt farm 263
7.1 Changes over time in the prevalence of women in
commercial directories 308
7.2 Female-male wage ratio in agriculture 311
7.3 Feinstein's estimates of real earnings 319
vi
Tables
1.1 Occupations in the 1841 and 1851 censuses:
Great Britain page 19
1.2 The occupations of women workers: Higgs's
revisions of census data 22
1.3 Employment ratios 26
1.4 Comparison of commercial directories and population 31
1.5 Number of independent tradeswomen, from
commercial directories 32
1.6 The top ten most common occupations for men
and women in commercial directories 35
1.7 Wages in lace-making 47
1.8 The British proprietress 66
2.1 Women's wages compared to men's 74
2.2 Payments for reaping at Gooseacre Farm, Radley,
Berkshire 88
2.3 Servants' wages 96
2.4 Differences in physical Performance by sex 109
2.5 Gender gaps in Performance for recruits and soldiers 110
2.6 Examples of apprenticeship premiums 119
2.7 Wage persistence, female summer wages 129
3.1 Male and female strength distributions 141
3.2 Wages paid to laborers at the Apley Park farm,
Jury 15, 1836 151
3.3 Age-specific marital fertility 173
3.4 Women's wages in cottage industry compared to
wages in other industries, 1833 181
4.1 Descriptive statistics: Arthur Young's data 191
4.2 Distribution of farm size 192
4.3 OLS and Tobit estimations: specification one 194
4.4 OLS and Tobit estimations: specification two 195
vii
viii List of tables
4.5 Elastidties 197
4.6 Two-stage least Squares estimates and specification test 200
4.7 Means of wages: 1770 204
4.8 Correlations of men's and women's wages: 1770 204
4.9 Log-log regressions: 1770 205
4.10 Wages in 1833 207
4.11 Correlations of men's and women's wages: 1833 208
4.12 Log-log regressions: 1833 209
4.13 Industry regressions: 1833 210
4.14 Correlation ofseasonal wage differences: 1833 212
4.15 Difference-of-log regressions: 1833 213
4.16 The effect of unemployment: 1833 213
4.17 Correlations with boys' wages: 1833 214
4.18 Wages in England and Wales: 1860-1 215
4.19 Correlations of men's and women's wages: 1860-1 216
4.20 Log-log regressions: 1860-1 217
4.21 Correlations of wage differences: 1860-1 217
4.22 Difference-of-log regressions: 1860-1 218
4.23 Descriptive statistics: French agricultural day-laborers
in 1839 219
4.24 French agricultural day-laborers: 1839 219
5.1 The percentage of women in selected occupations:
the 1841 census 222
5.2 Occupational sorting in skilled occupations:
Manchester, 1846 223
5.3 The gender division of labor in staymaking 224
5.4 The apprenticeship of girls 237
6.1 Sorting in the garment trades 276
6.2 Capital requirements: Campbell's estimates
compared to others 282
6.3 Percent female compared to capital requirements 287
6.4 Correlation of minimum capital requirements with
the percentage of business owners who were women 288
6.5 Professional employment in the censuses 293
7.1 Married women's labor force participation from
census totals 307
7.2 Indexes of occupational segregation from
commercial directories 316
7.3 Trends in female participation in some of the
largest occupations 317
7.4 The predicted effect of changes in real eamings on
married women's labor force participation 320
List of tables IX
8.1 Gender division of labor by strength category
of occupation 333
8.2 Men's hours of housework as a percentage of women's
hours of housework 334 |
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| dewey-full | 331.4094109034 331.40941/09039 |
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| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1650-1870 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1650-1870 |
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| geographic | Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV023338396 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:00:39Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:16:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521880637 9780521880633 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007051670 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016522219 |
| oclc_num | 181140965 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XII, 377 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Burnette, Joyce Verfasser aut Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain Joyce Burnette 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XII, 377 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index A major new study of the role of women in the labor market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimizing the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximized both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity. Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1650-1870 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Women employees Great Britain History 19th century Sex discrimination against women Great Britain History 19th century Industrial revolution Great Britain Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd rswk-swf Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 s Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 s Geschichte 1650-1870 z b DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-b.html Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-t.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016522219&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1123245&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Rezension |
| spellingShingle | Burnette, Joyce Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain Geschichte Women employees Great Britain History 19th century Sex discrimination against women Great Britain History 19th century Industrial revolution Great Britain Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4002733-8 (DE-588)4012472-1 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain |
| title_auth | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain |
| title_exact_search | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain |
| title_full | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain Joyce Burnette |
| title_fullStr | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain Joyce Burnette |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain Joyce Burnette |
| title_short | Gender, work and wages in industrial revolution Britain |
| title_sort | gender work and wages in industrial revolution britain |
| topic | Geschichte Women employees Great Britain History 19th century Sex discrimination against women Great Britain History 19th century Industrial revolution Great Britain Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd Diskriminierung (DE-588)4012472-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Women employees Great Britain History 19th century Sex discrimination against women Great Britain History 19th century Industrial revolution Great Britain Frau Arbeitsmarkt Diskriminierung Großbritannien |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-b.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0806/2007051670-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016522219&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1123245&custom_att_2=simple_viewer |
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