Čas kolere: epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ljubljana
Zgodovinski Inšt. Milka Rosa ZRC SAZU
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Thesaurus memoriae / Dissertationes
6 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 234 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Čas kolere |b epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |c Katarina Keber |
| 264 | 1 | |a Ljubljana |b Zgodovinski Inšt. Milka Rosa ZRC SAZU |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a 234 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Thesaurus memoriae / Dissertationes |v 6 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Sozialgeschichte 1836-1866 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cholera / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemics / Social aspects / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medicine / Slovenia / History / 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gesellschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medizin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cholera |z Slovenia |z Carniola |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemics |x Social aspects |z Slovenia |z Carniola |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medicine |z Slovenia |x History |y 19th century | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Hygiene |0 (DE-588)4026331-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Epidemie |0 (DE-588)4137380-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Cholera |0 (DE-588)4147855-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Krain |0 (DE-588)4032741-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137672336211968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | VSEBINA
UVOD
........................................................................................................................7
О
EPIDEMIJAH
V
ZGODO
VIN OPIS
JU
.......................................................................................................11
Zgodovína
kolere
........................................................................................................................................13
Problematika teorije
nalezljivostí
.........................................................................................................14
Kolera
v
moderni medicini
...................................................................................................................17
Pasja smrt
.............................................................................,............................,.„..............................18
KOLERA VPREDMARČNI DOBI.
...............,...............................................................................................21
Nova bolezen za
vzame Evropo
............................................................................................................21
Habsburška monarhija
....................................................................................................................23
V
PRIČAKOVANJU EPIDEMIJE NA KRANJSKEM
IN V
LJUBLJANI
..............................................28
Zdravstveni kordon na kranjsko-hrvaški meji
......................................................................................36
Javni zdravstveni sistem
.......................................................................................................................42
Zdravstvene ustanove
v
predmarčni dobi
.......................................................................................43
Zdravniki
in zdravljenje
kolere
.......................................................................................................48
Fran
Viljem Lipič
............................................................................................................................56
PRVA EPIDEMIJA LETA
1836..................................... ............................................................................60
Javna zdravstvena mreža
v
trek
kranjskih okrožjih Jlirskega gubernija
...............................................63
Mesto
Ljubljana
....................................................................................................................................65
Sociálna
struktura umrlih meščanov
...............................................................................................69
Hišne številke
in
posamezniki
........................................................................................................75
DRUGA EPIDEMIJA LETA
1849.............................................................................................................77
Mesto
Ljubljana
....................................................................................................................................78
Ukrepi oblasti
.......................................................................................................................................82
Javna zdravstvena mreža
......................................................................................................................85
VELIKA
EPIDEMI JA
KOLERE
.................................................................................................................».-91
Kolera
v
Habsburški monarhiji ieta
1855.............................................................................................92
Kranjska
................................................................................................................................................93
Geneza ukrepov dežeinih oblasti
....................................................................................................96
Problematika zdravniškeoskrbe.
..........................................................................................................98
Analiza zdravstvenega osebja
v času
epidemije
.............................................................................98
Zdravniki
in ranocelniki
na Kranjskem
........................................................................................103
Organizacija zdravniške mreže med epidemijo
............................................................................11
1
Zdravljenje
bolnikov
.....................................................................................................................
Π
7
EPIDEMIJA
IN
LJUDJE
........................................................................................................................122
Sociálne posledice
epidemije
..............................................................................................................122
Primerjava
sociálne
strukture obol
el
ih
v mestu in na
podeželju
........................................................123
Mesto
Ljubljana
............................................................................................................................123
Župnija Slavina na Notranjskem
...................................................................................................128
Pomoč
med epidemijo
........................................................................................................................132
PosJedice epidemije
............................................................................................................................137
Vlogaokrajnih
in
cerkvenih oblasti
ter
posameznikov
......................................................................140
Te Deum Laudamus namesto zaključka
.............................................................................................146
Epidemija
in
kolektivni spomin
..........................................................................................................147
ŠE
DVE
EPIDEMIJI
......................................................................................................................................151
EPIDEMIJA LETA
1866..........................................................................................................................151
Kranjska
..............................................................................................................................................152
Ukrepi oblasti leta
1865................................................................................................................152
Ukrepi oblasti leta
1866................................................................................................................154
Razmere
v
Ljubljani
......................................................................................................................158
Javni zdravstveni sistem
.....................................................................................................................160
EPIDEMIJA LETA
1886..........................................................................................................................164
Čas
železnice;,
telegrafa
in
bakterij
.....................................................................................................164
Priprave na epidemijo
.........................................................................................................................166
Romanja in
sejmi..........................................................................................................................
169
ŽelezniŠka
prometna žila
..............................................................................................................170
Zdravniki
............................................................................................................................................172
Po najnovejših najdbah
so
mikrobi vzrok
kolere
................................................................................173
Zdravstvena
zakonodaja
.....................................................................................................................177
Devetdeseta
leta
19.
stoletja
..................................................... ..........................................................182
VPLIV KOLERE NA HIGIENIZACIJO DRUŽBE................................................................................
189
ZAKLJUČEK
................................................................................................................................................193
ZAHVALA
.....................................................................................................................................................197
DODATKI
......................................................................................................................................................199
VIRI IN
LITERATURA
...........................................................................................................................199
SEZNAM
SLIKOVNEGA GRADIVA
....................................................................................................209
SEZNAM TABEL....................................................................................................................................
211
SEZNAM
GRAFIKONOV
......................................................................................................................211
NUMERIČNAPODLAGAZAZEMLJEVID
.........................................................................................212
SUMMARY
...................................................................................................................................................215
REGISTER OSEBNIH
IN KRAJEVNIH IMEN
..........................................................................................219
SUMMARY
The cholera that appeared in Europe in the I9lb century spread five times faster among
the population of Carniola as well. The disease was mainly transmitted by military
troops that moved through Carniola. The Carniolan authorities expected cholera
epidemic already in
1831
when the disease first broke out throughout Europe. Typically
for that period, the
Habsburg
authorities relied on the legislative heritage of the plague
epidemics from the 18th century to tackle the disease. As part
ofthat
system, preventive
sanitary cordon and a system of quarantines at the Carniolan-Croatian border was
particularly important for Carniola as protection against the epidemic in Hungary.
However, as border blockades proved to be an excessively radical measure that was on
the one side ineffective and costly, and on the other side destructive to local economy,
their operation ceased during the subsequent epidemics.
The epidemic eventually did not break out in Carniola in
1831;
nevertheless the first
cholera epidemic in
1836
came as a surprise to the population. Despite the ambitious
plans from
1831,
the authorities were insufficiently prepared for this new contagious
disease and were capable to implement the envisaged measures only partly. When
the second epidemic came in
1849,
the population already had a certain experience
and was aware what it should beware. However, due to the general ignorance as to the
manner in which the disease spread and the inefficiency of the available medicines, the
effectiveness of measures could not improve. It is also not negligible to notice that in
1849,
apart from the German newspapers
Laibacher Zeitung
and
Illyrisches Blatt, also
Novice reported on the cholera epidemic in the Slovenian language, which increased
the populations awareness because the news reached those parts of it that did not speak
German. It is interesting that the second cholera outbreak received less attention in the
press than the first; death notices do not appear anymore in the newspapers in
1849.
Social structure of the deceased in Ljubljana is very similar in the case of the first
two epidemics, despite numerically different samples. It is evident that cholera had
been fatal mostly for the lower social classes. Mostly affected were the families of day
laborers, servants and craftsmen.
While individual parts of Carniola were affected differently by the other epidemics,
the third cholera epidemic in
1855
spread throughout the province. This epidemic was
the most lethal of all, with over
19.000
people being infected, of whom
5.748
died.
During this epidemic, the lack of physicians became evident. As the existing public
medical network could not cope with the enormous numbers of patients in such a short
period of time, additional physicians, healers and medical students were brought in to
help Carniola. To optimize the availability of medical services, physicians and healers
were frequently transferred from district to district, from less infected areas to the more
215
SUMMARY
infected ones or from cities to the countryside. However, due to the late distribution
of physicians to districts, some parts of them and the more remote areas were left
completely without medical services; the epidemic namely spread with lightning speed
for that period. The medical staff was not able to provide effective services due to large
numbers ofpatients, geographic diversity of the territory and bad transport infrastructure.
However, it is evident that the authorities foresaw more patients in Ljubljana than in the
countryside districts, because the organization of medical assistance in the province s
capital was prepared in advance and therefore much more effective. The comparison of
the social structure of the people infected with cholera in the city and the fatalities in
the countryside demonstrates that in both cases lower social classes were more affected,
which is slightly more significant in the case of the city. In Ljubljana, the population had
the benefit of having a more developed and easily accessible healthcare infrastructure,
while in the countryside
(Slavina
parish) they met physicians less, mostly because ofthe
diverse landscape and bad road infrastructure. Also, provisory hospitals were mostly
intended for the military staff or railway workers, while locals were not admitted.
The social consequences ofthe epidemic were significant because a large number of
deaths left many families without providers and frequently as a consequence fell into
poverty. During the epidemic, the authorities provided assistance to the poor mostly
by distributing food, while after the epidemic they assisted the convalescents and the
newly impoverished due to the epidemic as well.
The fourth epidemic in
1866
was significantly less fatal than its predecessors, which
could probably also be explained by the first obligatory instructions on the disinfection
of dunghills and toilets. Although the number of public medical staff had not increased
as compared to the preceding epidemic, it seems that the importance ofthe individual
patient increased. In the case of this epidemic, the names and professions ofthe infected
and deceased were almost always mentioned in the medical and district reports. The
patient became an individual with a name, profession and own destiny, rather than just
a number for statistics.
The last cholera epidemic ofthe 19lh century occurred in a completely different
environment as the preceding outbreaks. Due to scientific development and an overall
technological progress, preventive methods before the epidemic became increasingly
effective; measures were targeted on those key areas in which the society was most
vulnerable. Among those was, on the one side, certainly railway transport that brought
an increasing number of foreigners from all over Europe to Carniola, while on the other
side obligatory disinfections and prohibition of mass gatherings such as pilgrimages
and fares also prevented the disease to spread. The discovery ofthe cause of cholera by
Koch consequently lead to revolutionary changes in the understanding ofthe disease s
characteristics and finally confirmed that it is a contagious disease which is transmitted
by a certain type of bacteria. Rapid development of bacteriology came also to Carniola;
three years after Koch s discovery, infected samples from Carniola were already being
analyzed in
a
Graz
laboratory. It had namely become very important to perform a
bacteriological analysis of the sick person s excrement samples and confirm or refute
the presence of the so-called Koch s bacteria. Further measures namely depended
exclusively on the results ofthe bacteriological analysis. The use of telegraph played
an important role in the sense of accelerating the transfer of information that in turn
accelerated awareness and responsiveness of authorities.
Cholera epidemics in Carniola in the 19th century coincided with all great European
epidemics, except the first epidemic. Their comparison reflects on the one side general
capabilities ofthe various levels of authorities, and on the other side points to the changes
in the society in times of epidemics. The primary measures by authorities when the
216
SUMMARY
disease was threatening to brake out were always the same; in the pre-march period, the
authorities always established a special and provisional Provincial medical commission
that coordinated healthcare measures both in Ljubljana and in the entire province. In the
second half of the
19
century it gained a permanent status and had been in operation
until
1870
when the Provincial healthcare council was established.
The defensive measures against epidemics changes as well.
Ifin
1831
establishment
of sanitary cordons was still a popular measure, later this measure became unacceptable
due to negative side effects. Preventive measures in the pre-bacteriological era entailed
mostly care for the diet improvement of the poor and increase in public medical staff.
During ail epidemics, Ljubljana was divided into smaller, more manageable parts, and
it was recommended that people live moderately and morally. The
1866
epidemic is
a turning point in this sense, since the defense against the disease started to include
intensive disinfection, to which other new measures were added that were already based
on the new discoveries in relation to the causes of contagious diseases. Because there
had been no effective cure for the disease until the end of century, various tinctures
were appearing on the market and different recipes and advise circulated among the
population. The biggest problem was the lack of physicians; large rural areas frequently
remained completely without medical care. Despite the fact that the
1855
epidemic
exposed the problem of the shortage of public physicians, their numbers in the second
half of the century increased only very slowly. Despite the new healthcare law, there
was no public healthcare service in the rural areas during the last cholera epidemic.
The attitude towards the infected and the deceased also differed by epidemic, since
the latter were at first mere statistical data, while in the last three epidemic they became
people with names and professions.
Cholera, which is regarded as a great reformer of healthcare in Europe in the 19th
century, to an extent influenced both the public healthcare system in Carniola, and
caused improvements in the general hygienic conditions. A series of brutal cholera
epidemics shocked the society and forced it to change mentality. The authorities
were namely increasingly aware of the fact that bad overall hygienic conditions in
households and public spaces were having a negative impact on the population s health.
The authorities became increasingly attentive to the fact that both cholera and other
contagious intestinal diseases are being spread mostly through infected water sources.
That knowledge importantly influenced the construction of the water distribution
system, as well as the issue of sewage.
Andrej Svetiičič
217
|
| adam_txt |
VSEBINA
UVOD
.7
О
EPIDEMIJAH
V
ZGODO
VIN OPIS
JU
.11
Zgodovína
kolere
.13
Problematika teorije
nalezljivostí
.14
Kolera
v
moderni medicini
.17
'Pasja smrt'
.,.,.„.18
KOLERA VPREDMARČNI DOBI.
.,.21
Nova bolezen za
vzame Evropo
.21
Habsburška monarhija
.23
V
PRIČAKOVANJU EPIDEMIJE NA KRANJSKEM
IN V
LJUBLJANI
.28
Zdravstveni kordon na kranjsko-hrvaški meji
.36
Javni zdravstveni sistem
.42
Zdravstvene ustanove
v
predmarčni dobi
.43
Zdravniki
in zdravljenje
kolere
.48
Fran
Viljem Lipič
.56
PRVA EPIDEMIJA LETA
1836.".60
Javna zdravstvena mreža
v
trek
kranjskih okrožjih Jlirskega gubernija
.63
Mesto
Ljubljana
.65
Sociálna
struktura umrlih meščanov
.69
Hišne številke
in
posamezniki
.75
DRUGA EPIDEMIJA LETA
1849.77
Mesto
Ljubljana
.78
Ukrepi oblasti
.82
Javna zdravstvena mreža
.85
VELIKA
EPIDEMI JA
KOLERE
.».-91
Kolera
v
Habsburški monarhiji ieta
1855.92
Kranjska
.93
Geneza ukrepov dežeinih oblasti
.96
Problematika zdravniškeoskrbe.
.98
Analiza zdravstvenega osebja
v času
epidemije
.98
Zdravniki
in ranocelniki
na Kranjskem
.103
Organizacija zdravniške mreže med epidemijo
.11
1
Zdravljenje
bolnikov
.
Π
7
EPIDEMIJA
IN
LJUDJE
.122
Sociálne posledice
epidemije
.122
Primerjava
sociálne
strukture obol
el
ih
v mestu in na
podeželju
.123
Mesto
Ljubljana
.123
Župnija Slavina na Notranjskem
.128
Pomoč
med epidemijo
.132
PosJedice epidemije
.137
Vlogaokrajnih
in
cerkvenih oblasti
ter
posameznikov
.140
Te Deum Laudamus namesto zaključka
.146
Epidemija
in
kolektivni spomin
.147
ŠE
DVE
EPIDEMIJI
.151
EPIDEMIJA LETA
1866.151
Kranjska
.152
Ukrepi oblasti leta
1865.152
Ukrepi oblasti leta
1866.154
Razmere
v
Ljubljani
.158
Javni zdravstveni sistem
.160
EPIDEMIJA LETA
1886.164
Čas
železnice;,
telegrafa
in
bakterij
.164
Priprave na epidemijo
.166
Romanja in
sejmi.
169
ŽelezniŠka
prometna žila
.170
Zdravniki
.172
Po najnovejših najdbah
so
mikrobi vzrok
kolere
.173
Zdravstvena
zakonodaja
.177
Devetdeseta
leta
19.
stoletja
.'.182
VPLIV KOLERE NA HIGIENIZACIJO DRUŽBE.
189
ZAKLJUČEK
.193
ZAHVALA
.197
DODATKI
.199
VIRI IN
LITERATURA
.199
SEZNAM
SLIKOVNEGA GRADIVA
.209
SEZNAM TABEL.
211
SEZNAM
GRAFIKONOV
.211
NUMERIČNAPODLAGAZAZEMLJEVID
.212
SUMMARY
.215
REGISTER OSEBNIH
IN KRAJEVNIH IMEN
.219
SUMMARY
The cholera that appeared in Europe in the I9lb century spread five times faster among
the population of Carniola as well. The disease was mainly transmitted by military
troops that moved through Carniola. The Carniolan authorities expected cholera
epidemic already in
1831
when the disease first broke out throughout Europe. Typically
for that period, the
Habsburg
authorities relied on the legislative heritage of the plague
epidemics from the 18th century to tackle the disease. As part
ofthat
system, preventive
sanitary cordon and a system of quarantines at the Carniolan-Croatian border was
particularly important for Carniola as protection against the epidemic in Hungary.
However, as border blockades proved to be an excessively radical measure that was on
the one side ineffective and costly, and on the other side destructive to local economy,
their operation ceased during the subsequent epidemics.
The epidemic eventually did not break out in Carniola in
1831;
nevertheless the first
cholera epidemic in
1836
came as a surprise to the population. Despite the ambitious
plans from
1831,
the authorities were insufficiently prepared for this new contagious
disease and were capable to implement the envisaged measures only partly. When
the second epidemic came in
1849,
the population already had a certain experience
and was aware what it should beware. However, due to the general ignorance as to the
manner in which the disease spread and the inefficiency of the available medicines, the
effectiveness of measures could not improve. It is also not negligible to notice that in
1849,
apart from the German newspapers
Laibacher Zeitung
and
Illyrisches Blatt, also
Novice reported on the cholera epidemic in the Slovenian language, which increased
the populations' awareness because the news reached those parts of it that did not speak
German. It is interesting that the second cholera outbreak received less attention in the
press than the first; death notices do not appear anymore in the newspapers in
1849.
Social structure of the deceased in Ljubljana is very similar in the case of the first
two epidemics, despite numerically different samples. It is evident that cholera had
been fatal mostly for the lower social classes. Mostly affected were the families of day
laborers, servants and craftsmen.
While individual parts of Carniola were affected differently by the other epidemics,
the third cholera epidemic in
1855
spread throughout the province. This epidemic was
the most lethal of all, with over
19.000
people being infected, of whom
5.748
died.
During this epidemic, the lack of physicians became evident. As the existing public
medical network could not cope with the enormous numbers of patients in such a short
period of time, additional physicians, healers and medical students were brought in to
help Carniola. To optimize the availability of medical services, physicians and healers
were frequently transferred from district to district, from less infected areas to the more
215
SUMMARY
infected ones or from cities to the countryside. However, due to the late distribution
of physicians to districts, some parts of them and the more remote areas were left
completely without medical services; the epidemic namely spread with lightning speed
for that period. The medical staff was not able to provide effective services due to large
numbers ofpatients, geographic diversity of the territory and bad transport infrastructure.
However, it is evident that the authorities foresaw more patients in Ljubljana than in the
countryside districts, because the organization of medical assistance in the province's
capital was prepared in advance and therefore much more effective. The comparison of
the social structure of the people infected with cholera in the city and the fatalities in
the countryside demonstrates that in both cases lower social classes were more affected,
which is slightly more significant in the case of the city. In Ljubljana, the population had
the benefit of having a more developed and easily accessible healthcare infrastructure,
while in the countryside
(Slavina
parish) they met physicians less, mostly because ofthe
diverse landscape and bad road infrastructure. Also, provisory hospitals were mostly
intended for the military staff or railway workers, while locals were not admitted.
The social consequences ofthe epidemic were significant because a large number of
deaths left many families without providers and frequently as a consequence fell into
poverty. During the epidemic, the authorities provided assistance to the poor mostly
by distributing food, while after the epidemic they assisted the convalescents and the
newly impoverished due to the epidemic as well.
The fourth epidemic in
1866
was significantly less fatal than its predecessors, which
could probably also be explained by the first obligatory instructions on the disinfection
of dunghills and toilets. Although the number of public medical staff had not increased
as compared to the preceding epidemic, it seems that the importance ofthe individual
patient increased. In the case of this epidemic, the names and professions ofthe infected
and deceased were almost always mentioned in the medical and district reports. The
patient became an individual with a name, profession and own destiny, rather than just
a number for statistics.
The last cholera epidemic ofthe 19lh century occurred in a completely different
environment as the preceding outbreaks. Due to scientific development and an overall
technological progress, preventive methods before the epidemic became increasingly
effective; measures were targeted on those key areas in which the society was most
vulnerable. Among those was, on the one side, certainly railway transport that brought
an increasing number of foreigners from all over Europe to Carniola, while on the other
side obligatory disinfections and prohibition of mass gatherings such as pilgrimages
and fares also prevented the disease to spread. The discovery ofthe cause of cholera by
Koch consequently lead to revolutionary changes in the understanding ofthe disease's
characteristics and finally confirmed that it is a contagious disease which is transmitted
by a certain type of bacteria. Rapid development of bacteriology came also to Carniola;
three years after Koch's discovery, infected samples from Carniola were already being
analyzed in
a
Graz
laboratory. It had namely become very important to perform a
bacteriological analysis of the sick person's excrement samples and confirm or refute
the presence of the so-called Koch's bacteria. Further measures namely depended
exclusively on the results ofthe bacteriological analysis. The use of telegraph played
an important role in the sense of accelerating the transfer of information that in turn
accelerated awareness and responsiveness of authorities.
Cholera epidemics in Carniola in the 19th century coincided with all great European
epidemics, except the first epidemic. Their comparison reflects on the one side general
capabilities ofthe various levels of authorities, and on the other side points to the changes
in the society in times of epidemics. The primary measures by authorities when the
216
SUMMARY
disease was threatening to brake out were always the same; in the pre-march period, the
authorities always established a special and provisional Provincial medical commission
that coordinated healthcare measures both in Ljubljana and in the entire province. In the
second half of the
19'"
century it gained a permanent status and had been in operation
until
1870
when the Provincial healthcare council was established.
The defensive measures against epidemics changes as well.
Ifin
1831
establishment
of sanitary cordons was still a popular measure, later this measure became unacceptable
due to negative side effects. Preventive measures in the pre-bacteriological era entailed
mostly care for the diet improvement of the poor and increase in public medical staff.
During ail epidemics, Ljubljana was divided into smaller, more manageable parts, and
it was recommended that people live moderately and morally. The
1866
epidemic is
a turning point in this sense, since the defense against the disease started to include
intensive disinfection, to which other new measures were added that were already based
on the new discoveries in relation to the causes of contagious diseases. Because there
had been no effective cure for the disease until the end of century, various tinctures
were appearing on the market and different recipes and advise circulated among the
population. The biggest problem was the lack of physicians; large rural areas frequently
remained completely without medical care. Despite the fact that the
1855
epidemic
exposed the problem of the shortage of public physicians, their numbers in the second
half of the century increased only very slowly. Despite the new healthcare law, there
was no public healthcare service in the rural areas during the last cholera epidemic.
The attitude towards the infected and the deceased also differed by epidemic, since
the latter were at first mere statistical data, while in the last three epidemic they became
people with names and professions.
Cholera, which is regarded as a great reformer of healthcare in Europe in the 19th
century, to an extent influenced both the public healthcare system in Carniola, and
caused improvements in the general hygienic conditions. A series of brutal cholera
epidemics shocked the society and forced it to change mentality. The authorities
were namely increasingly aware of the fact that bad overall hygienic conditions in
households and public spaces were having a negative impact on the population's health.
The authorities became increasingly attentive to the fact that both cholera and other
contagious intestinal diseases are being spread mostly through infected water sources.
That knowledge importantly influenced the construction of the water distribution
system, as well as the issue of sewage.
Andrej Svetiičič
217 |
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| author | Keber, Katarina 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135634539 |
| author_facet | Keber, Katarina 1975- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Keber, Katarina 1975- |
| author_variant | k k kk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023329572 |
| callnumber-first | R - Medicine |
| callnumber-label | RA644 |
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| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 Sozialgeschichte 1836-1866 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 Sozialgeschichte 1836-1866 |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Krain (DE-588)4032741-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Krain |
| id | DE-604.BV023329572 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:57:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:16:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016513524 |
| oclc_num | 225441715 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 234 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Zgodovinski Inšt. Milka Rosa ZRC SAZU |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Thesaurus memoriae / Dissertationes |
| spelling | Keber, Katarina 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)135634539 aut Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju Katarina Keber Ljubljana Zgodovinski Inšt. Milka Rosa ZRC SAZU 2007 234 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Thesaurus memoriae / Dissertationes 6 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1800-1900 Sozialgeschichte 1836-1866 gnd rswk-swf Cholera / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Epidemics / Social aspects / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Medicine / Slovenia / History / 19th century Geschichte Gesellschaft Medizin Cholera Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Epidemics Social aspects Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Medicine Slovenia History 19th century Hygiene (DE-588)4026331-9 gnd rswk-swf Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd rswk-swf Cholera (DE-588)4147855-1 gnd rswk-swf Krain (DE-588)4032741-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Krain (DE-588)4032741-3 g Cholera (DE-588)4147855-1 s Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 s Hygiene (DE-588)4026331-9 s Sozialgeschichte 1836-1866 z DE-604 Dissertationes Thesaurus memoriae 6 (DE-604)BV019336812 6 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016513524&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016513524&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Keber, Katarina 1975- Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju Cholera / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Epidemics / Social aspects / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Medicine / Slovenia / History / 19th century Geschichte Gesellschaft Medizin Cholera Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Epidemics Social aspects Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Medicine Slovenia History 19th century Hygiene (DE-588)4026331-9 gnd Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Cholera (DE-588)4147855-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026331-9 (DE-588)4137380-7 (DE-588)4147855-1 (DE-588)4032741-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |
| title_auth | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |
| title_exact_search | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |
| title_full | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju Katarina Keber |
| title_fullStr | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju Katarina Keber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Čas kolere epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju Katarina Keber |
| title_short | Čas kolere |
| title_sort | cas kolere epidemije kolere na kranjskem v 19 stoletju |
| title_sub | epidemije kolere na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju |
| topic | Cholera / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Epidemics / Social aspects / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Medicine / Slovenia / History / 19th century Geschichte Gesellschaft Medizin Cholera Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Epidemics Social aspects Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Medicine Slovenia History 19th century Hygiene (DE-588)4026331-9 gnd Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Cholera (DE-588)4147855-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cholera / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Epidemics / Social aspects / Slovenia / Carniola / History / 19th century Medicine / Slovenia / History / 19th century Geschichte Gesellschaft Medizin Cholera Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Epidemics Social aspects Slovenia Carniola History 19th century Medicine Slovenia History 19th century Hygiene Epidemie Cholera Krain Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016513524&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016513524&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019336812 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keberkatarina caskolereepidemijekolerenakranjskemv19stoletju |