Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija: 1944 - 1989
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Inst. za Uzučavane na Blizkoto Minalo
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Poredica Minalo nesvăršeno
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The power structures of the Bulgarian Communist Party |
| Beschreibung: | 323 S. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Съдържание
Предговор
9
Номенклатурата на кадрите
13
Номенклатурата
-
прибилегиробана група или механизъм за кон¬
трол. ПолитолоЖки и исторически изследВания. Архивни и други
източници.
1.
Номеніиіатурата
на ръководните органи на БКП на различни¬
те нива. Организационна структура на БКП.
Номенклатурните кадри на ЦК на БКП: на ПолитбЬро, на Сек¬
ретариата, на отделите на ЦК.
Номенклатурата на местните комитети на БКП: окръЖни/об-
ластни, Софийски ГК; околийски (до
1959
г.),
градски и районни;
общински
(1959-1979);
общински (след
1979
г.).
Кадри, подотчетни на ППО, на забодски и учреЖденски партий¬
ни комитети.
Номенклатурната система от гледна точка на контролираните
органи. „Партийна и „дърЖавна номенклатура.
2.
Налагане и промени в системата. Съветският модел. Първи
стъпки. Реорганизации и регламентиране,
1946
г.
- 1949
г. Пре¬
махване на отдел „Кадри (декември
1950
г.).
Делението Полит-
бкзро-Секретариат
(1955
г.).
Създаване на отчетно-контролна
номенклатура
(1955-1958).
Алтернативни решения в други ко¬
мунистически партии. Рутинни корекции на системата. Номен¬
клатурата: устойчива система и гъвкава политика.
3.
Анализ на номенклатурните листи. Численост на номенклату¬
рата. Мерки за намаляване на броя на номенклатурните кадри.
Спорни въпроси: номенклатурата
-
ръководните кадри или „на¬
шите кадри ? Номенклатурни кадри или номенклатурни длъЖ-
ности? Само ръководители или всички кадри на клЬчови места?
Изборни длъЖности без постоянна заетост. Ръководни длъЖ-
ности извън номенклатурните листи: БЗНС и църквите. Други
списъци и номенклатури; привилегиите. Номенклатурата на де¬
лата.
4.
Механизмът на вземане на решения и движението на кадрите.
Решение на колективен орган? Едностепенност на решението?
Номенклатура на отдел. Критерии. Образование и подготовка
на
kagpume.
Събиране на информация. Ролята на ДърЖабна сигур¬
ност. Техническото прокарбане на решенията. Гъбкабост при
налагане на партийния контрол. Нарушения. Състаб на номен¬
клатурата. Освободените от ръкоВодни длъЖности кадри.
приложения
и документи: номенклатура на кадрите от кши
1945,
от януари
1947,
от
1950
и от декемВри
1974
г.
93
Върхът на пирамидата: ръкободстбото на БКП
129
1.
ПолитбЬро,
Секретариатът и техните членове. Състаб на
най-бисшето ръководство и промени
6
него:
1944-1989
г. Членобе
на ПолитбЬро и секретари на ЦК. Кандидат-членобе на Полит¬
бЬро. ЧленоВе на Секретариата. Други органи на централното
ръкободстбо. Ритъм на извършване на промените.
2.
Членство в колективни органи и ресорни функции, функции на
членовете на ПолитбЬро. Ръководството на партийния апарат:
Секретариатът и секретарите на ЦК.
Разпределение на работата меЖду секретарите на ЦК: в сфе¬
рата на партийните органи; идеологическата политика; силови¬
те ведомства; външната политика; икономиката
-
индустрия,
търговия, планиране; земеделието. Други отдели и функции.
Професионалната специализация на секретарите. Комисиите.
Съчетаването на партийни и дърЖавни постове: министър-
председателят, заместник-министър председатели, клЬчови
министри; председател на Президиума на Народното събрание/
на ДърЖавния съвет; председател на Народното събрание; пред¬
седател на Националния съвет на Оф и др.
3.
Едноличната власт. Генералният/първият секретар: коорди¬
ниращи функции в партийното ръководство. Партийният ли¬
дер като ръководител на апарата на ЦК. Балансиращи функции в
ръководството. Неформални канали. Заемане на ръководни дър¬
Жавни постове. Едноличен контрол върху дърЖавни структури:
МНО, МВР, ДС. Отношения
с
Кремъл.
„Вторият в партийното ръководство: при Димитров, при
ЧервенкоВ, при ЖиВкоб.
„МеЖдувластията : наследяването през
1949-1950
г.;
смяната
след Сталин; смяната в края на
1989
г.
Приложения и
документи:
1/
Състави
на
Политбіоро
и Секретариата
на ЦК, избрани на
конгресите;
2/
Едно8ременно членобе на
По¬
литбіоро
и секретари на ЦК;
3/
Решения за
разпределение
на
ра¬
ботата
меЖду
членовете
на
Политбіоро
и/или Секретариата на
ЦК по
ръководството
на
партийния апарат.
222
Институцията
на дърЖавния глава в
комунистическа България
240
1.
Проблемът за дърЖавния глава при комунистическия реЖим.
Кой е бил дърЖавният глаба на комунистическа България? Съ-
Ветският конституционен модел и отклоненията от него.
2.
Преход към съветски модел. „Отечественофронтовското ре-
гешпстбо : съставяне, начин на функциониране, политическо
влияние.
Временното председателство на Републиката. Възпри¬
емане на съветския конституционен модел.
3.
Президиумът на Народното събрание. Председатели, подпредседа¬
тели/заместник-председатели, секретар, членове. Начин на работа.
4.
ДърЖавният съвет на НРБ. Промени в правомощията и в
названието. Председателят на ДърЖабния съвет. Заместник-
председателшпе и секретарят. Останалите членове. Начин на
работа: Оперативно
біоро,
съвети, комисии.
5.
Налагане на партийния ръководител за председател на Дър¬
Жавния съвет. Общата тенденция
-
паралели
с
другите кому¬
нистически страни. Промени в представите за дърЖавния глава.
Преминаване към президентска институция.
МреЖата от „масови и обществени организации на БКП
283
1.
Обществените организации при комунистическия модел. Обществе¬
ните организации до
9
септември
1944
г. Овладяване на обществените
организации след завземането на властта. Значението на масовата ра¬
бота
-
БРП(к)
/
БКП като масова партия. Роля на казионните орга¬
низации при комунистическия модел. Преливането меЖду дърЖавни и
обществени организации. Партийният контрол върху обществените
организации.
2.
Опит за систематизиране на различните видове обществени органи¬
зации. Значимост на отделните организации. Ръководителите на кази¬
онните организации. Една по-особена организация
-
„втората партия .
МладеЖките организации на БКП.
В перспектива: за една нова история на БКП
311
The Power Structures of the Bulgarian Communist Party
(1944-1989)
(Abstract). Alexander Vezenkov
320
The Power Structures of the Bulgarian
Communist Party
(1944-1989)
(Abstract)
Alexander Vezenkov
The present book consists of four different studies dealing with the institu¬
tional history of the communist regime in Bulgaria. Based on archival documents,
they present the organizational structure and the functioning of the Communist Party
and its leadership, as well as how the party controlled the state institutions and the
mass organizations.
The first study ( The Nomenklatura of Cadres ) presents the nomenklatura
as a key element of the political system of communist regimes. The term nomen¬
klatura is widely and somewhat imprecisely used to designate the elite during the
communist period. The fact that there was a privileged elite is beyond question,
but the popular view of the nomenklatura as elite is in need of revision. The word
nomenklatura literally means a list of names, in the administrative sphere, it usually
refers to a totality of positions whose holders are appointed, controlled, transferred or
dismissed by a specific body. Appointments to and dismissals from all leading posi¬
tions in the state, as well the so-called mass organizations, were under the ultimate
control of the Communist Party. In the framework of the party itself, the leadership
closely controlled the lower levels. Through the right to appoint and dismiss leading
cadres, control over the whole of society was concentrated in the hands of those who
were leading the Communist Party.
There is already a large range of existing studies dealing with the nomen¬
klatura system. Studies based on archival evidence were published on nomenklatura
in the GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and the USSR, many of
which include the original lists. This study goes further in that direction by looking
at an unresearched case. It is based on archival material from the Central Committee
of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The lists of nomenklatura cadres for the party
bodies that have the right to manage cadres (nearly all the lists concerning the no¬
menklatura of the Central Committee and many other lists for the lower levels) were
consulted. The lists of the cadres nomenklatura of the Central Committee of the
BCP from June
1945,
January
1947,1950
and December
1974
are in the appendix. In
order to examine how the rules were implemented into practice, a large number of
decisions on appointments and dismissals were also examined. These include deci¬
sions taken by the leading party bodies and other institutions which serve only to
320
repeat a previous decision by a party body. For comparative purposes, nomenklatura
lists as well as other relevant documents from the archives of the central committees
of the ruling parties in Romania, Hungary and the former GDR were used.
The second study ( The Top of the Pyramid: the Leadership of the Bulgar¬
ian Communist Party ) goes further and presents the top of the party hierarchy, i.e.
the Politburo and the Secretariat of the Central Committee. It is neither by omission
nor by mistake that the members of these two highest bodies of the Communist Party
leadership are not listed among nomenklatura cadres
-
they were above the nomen¬
klatura.
After presenting the changing composition of the Politburo and the Sec¬
retariat of the Central Committee as collective leading bodies, this chapter focuses
also on the specific functions of their individual members. Some of the Politburo
members hold key positions in the state administration, most often as government
members. The Secretaries (including those who were also members of the Politburo)
used to lead the party apparatus, usually controlling several departments of the Cen¬
tral Committee apparatus. They were responsible for examining the proposals in the
respective domains before submitting them to the Politburo or the Secretariat. Thus
secretaries played a decisive role for the policy in the spheres they were responsible
for, even in the cases when the decisions were made by the Politburo. Insightful
in this regard are the decisions defining the domains of competence of the Central
Committee secretaries (and in some cases also of the members of the Politburo). The
texts of the respective decisions from November
1945,
December
1947,
September
1949,
January
1950,
November
1950,
January
1952,
March
1954,
April
1956,
July
1957,
June
1958,
December
1959,
November
1966,
December
1968,
April
1971,
Oc¬
tober
1979
and Mai
1984
are included in the appendix.
Finally, this study focuses on the power mechanisms used by the undisputed
leader of the regime
-
the secretary general (or the first secretary) of the Communist
Party. For long periods the party leader assumed also leading functions in the state
institutions as prime minister and after
1971
as head of the Council of State. But what
is far more important is the fact that he used to lead the Central Committee appara¬
tus and therefore he could control the elaboration of all proposals for decisions by
the Politburo and the Secretariat. Special attention is paid to the deputy of the party
leader
-
a member of the Politburo and the Secretariat of the Central Committee, as¬
signed to coordinate the work of the Secretariat.
The third study ( The Head of State Institution in Communist Bulgaria ) de¬
scribes how after the Soviet model, the functions of the Head of State were exercised
by collective bodies: the Presidium of the National Assembly (in accordance with the
Constitution of
1947)
and the Council of State (in accordance with the one of
1971).
321
Therefore, it would be incorrect the chairman of those bodies to be indicated as a
Head of State as often has happened. Constitutionally, this collective body had the
prerogatives of the Head of State, but also most of the prerogatives of the assembly
between its sessions. At the same time, it was not a collective Head of State
stricto
sensu
(or collective president as it is often called), but a body fully dependent on
the assembly
de
jure and on the party leadership
defacto.
The comparison with the other socialist countries shows that the changes in
the Head of State institution in Bulgaria both in the constitutional and personal as¬
pect were a result of some tendencies common to all these states. At the same time a
few differences can be outlined. The rapid imposition of a collective body replacing
the Head of State in Bulgaria was a sign of the speed with which the Soviet politi¬
cal model in general was imposed on the country. Accordingly, the preservation of
the collective character of the institution throughout the whole socialist period was
indicative for the steady adherence to that model in contrast to states like Yugoslavia
and Romania that had taken the road of national communism. Still, with the adop¬
tion of the constitution from
1971
some changes were made in Bulgaria, too, that led
to extending the authority and prestige
ofthat
body and hence, of its new chairman.
That was the moment when the leader of the regime, Todor Zhivkov, assumed that
post. Although according to the constitution he was only the first among equals in a
collective body, the propaganda presented him as Head of the State.
The forth study ( The Network of Mass and Social Organizations of the
BCP ) presents the role of the mass organizations in the communist political system.
The topic is usually disregarded, because these organizations were not independent
bodies and in fact only executed the orders coming from the Communist Party lead¬
ership. Taking a different perspective, this study examines how the party controlled
these organizations and used them to promote its own policy. Even before coming
into power, the Communist Party created its own mass organizations (youth unions,
syndicates, etc), infiltrated its members in some of the existing ones, and after the
takeover in
1944
it gradually put under control all other existing mass and social
organizations. The mechanisms of party control over these organizations during the
communist period are briefly examined. The study also presents the specific func¬
tions of the different mass and social organizations, underlining the importance of
the Communist Youth Union in the self-reproduction of the regime. It played key
role not only in the indoctrination of young people but also in the formation of new
generations of party apparatchiks.
The last concluding text ( For a New History of the Bulgarian Communist
Party ) is a critical survey of the publications on political and institutional history on
the communist regime in Bulgaria. These studies usually deal with the state institu-
322
tions
and mostly with the government, which is inadequate for the communist model,
where the decision-making center is the party leadership. On the contrary, the history
of the Communist Party is not considered a legitimate object of research. Still the
studies in this book, and especially the one on the nomenklatura system, clearly show
that contrary to many other
clichés,
the leading role of the party in communist
countries was not an empty phrase. Everything was under the ultimate control of the
ruling party ant therefore it is misleading to focus studies on state institutions, even
when talking about the State Security. What is needed in the first place is a detailed
analysis of the history of the Communist Party itself.
323
|
| adam_txt |
Съдържание
Предговор
9
Номенклатурата на кадрите
13
Номенклатурата
-
прибилегиробана група или механизъм за кон¬
трол. ПолитолоЖки и исторически изследВания. Архивни и други
източници.
1.
Номеніиіатурата
на ръководните органи на БКП на различни¬
те нива. Организационна структура на БКП.
Номенклатурните кадри на ЦК на БКП: на ПолитбЬро, на Сек¬
ретариата, на отделите на ЦК.
Номенклатурата на местните комитети на БКП: окръЖни/об-
ластни, Софийски ГК; околийски (до
1959
г.),
градски и районни;
общински
(1959-1979);
общински (след
1979
г.).
Кадри, подотчетни на ППО, на забодски и учреЖденски партий¬
ни комитети.
Номенклатурната система от гледна точка на контролираните
органи. „Партийна" и „дърЖавна" номенклатура.
2.
Налагане и промени в системата. Съветският модел. Първи
стъпки. Реорганизации и регламентиране,
1946
г.
- 1949
г. Пре¬
махване на отдел „Кадри" (декември
1950
г.).
Делението Полит-
бкзро-Секретариат
(1955
г.).
Създаване на отчетно-контролна
номенклатура
(1955-1958).
Алтернативни решения в други ко¬
мунистически партии. Рутинни корекции на системата. Номен¬
клатурата: устойчива система и гъвкава политика.
3.
Анализ на номенклатурните листи. Численост на номенклату¬
рата. Мерки за намаляване на броя на номенклатурните кадри.
Спорни въпроси: номенклатурата
-
ръководните кадри или „на¬
шите кадри"? Номенклатурни кадри или номенклатурни длъЖ-
ности? Само ръководители или всички кадри на клЬчови места?
Изборни длъЖности без постоянна заетост. Ръководни длъЖ-
ности извън номенклатурните листи: БЗНС и църквите. Други
списъци и номенклатури; привилегиите. Номенклатурата на де¬
лата.
4.
Механизмът на вземане на решения и движението на кадрите.
Решение на колективен орган? Едностепенност на решението?
Номенклатура на отдел. Критерии. Образование и подготовка
на
kagpume.
Събиране на информация. Ролята на ДърЖабна сигур¬
ност. Техническото прокарбане на решенията. Гъбкабост при
налагане на партийния контрол. Нарушения. Състаб на номен¬
клатурата. Освободените от ръкоВодни длъЖности кадри.
приложения
и документи: номенклатура на кадрите от кши
1945,
от януари
1947,
от
1950
и от декемВри
1974
г.
93
Върхът на пирамидата: ръкободстбото на БКП
129
1.
ПолитбЬро,
Секретариатът и техните членове. Състаб на
най-бисшето ръководство и промени
6
него:
1944-1989
г. Членобе
на ПолитбЬро и секретари на ЦК. Кандидат-членобе на Полит¬
бЬро. ЧленоВе на Секретариата. Други органи на централното
ръкободстбо. Ритъм на извършване на промените.
2.
Членство в колективни органи и ресорни функции, функции на
членовете на ПолитбЬро. Ръководството на партийния апарат:
Секретариатът и секретарите на ЦК.
Разпределение на работата меЖду секретарите на ЦК: в сфе¬
рата на партийните органи; идеологическата политика; силови¬
те ведомства; външната политика; икономиката
-
индустрия,
търговия, планиране; земеделието. Други отдели и функции.
Професионалната специализация на секретарите. Комисиите.
Съчетаването на партийни и дърЖавни постове: министър-
председателят, заместник-министър председатели, клЬчови
министри; председател на Президиума на Народното събрание/
на ДърЖавния съвет; председател на Народното събрание; пред¬
седател на Националния съвет на Оф и др.
3.
Едноличната власт. Генералният/първият секретар: коорди¬
ниращи функции в партийното ръководство. Партийният ли¬
дер като ръководител на апарата на ЦК. Балансиращи функции в
ръководството. Неформални канали. Заемане на ръководни дър¬
Жавни постове. Едноличен контрол върху дърЖавни структури:
МНО, МВР, ДС. Отношения
с
Кремъл.
„Вторият" в партийното ръководство: при Димитров, при
ЧервенкоВ, при ЖиВкоб.
„МеЖдувластията": наследяването през
1949-1950
г.;
смяната
след Сталин; смяната в края на
1989
г.
Приложения и
документи:
1/
Състави
на
Политбіоро
и Секретариата
на ЦК, избрани на
конгресите;
2/
Едно8ременно членобе на
По¬
литбіоро
и секретари на ЦК;
3/
Решения за
разпределение
на
ра¬
ботата
меЖду
членовете
на
Политбіоро
и/или Секретариата на
ЦК по
ръководството
на
партийния апарат.
222
Институцията
на дърЖавния глава в
комунистическа България
240
1.
Проблемът за дърЖавния глава при комунистическия реЖим.
Кой е бил дърЖавният глаба на комунистическа България? Съ-
Ветският конституционен модел и отклоненията от него.
2.
Преход към съветски модел. „Отечественофронтовското ре-
гешпстбо": съставяне, начин на функциониране, политическо
влияние.
Временното председателство на Републиката. Възпри¬
емане на съветския конституционен модел.
3.
Президиумът на Народното събрание. Председатели, подпредседа¬
тели/заместник-председатели, секретар, членове. Начин на работа.
4.
ДърЖавният съвет на НРБ. Промени в правомощията и в
названието. Председателят на ДърЖабния съвет. Заместник-
председателшпе и секретарят. Останалите членове. Начин на
работа: Оперативно
біоро,
съвети, комисии.
5.
Налагане на партийния ръководител за председател на Дър¬
Жавния съвет. Общата тенденция
-
паралели
с
другите кому¬
нистически страни. Промени в представите за дърЖавния глава.
Преминаване към президентска институция.
МреЖата от „масови и обществени организации" на БКП
283
1.
Обществените организации при комунистическия модел. Обществе¬
ните организации до
9
септември
1944
г. Овладяване на обществените
организации след завземането на властта. Значението на масовата ра¬
бота
-
БРП(к)
/
БКП като масова партия. Роля на казионните орга¬
низации при комунистическия модел. Преливането меЖду дърЖавни и
обществени организации. Партийният контрол върху обществените
организации.
2.
Опит за систематизиране на различните видове обществени органи¬
зации. Значимост на отделните организации. Ръководителите на кази¬
онните организации. Една по-особена организация
-
„втората партия".
МладеЖките организации на БКП.
В перспектива: за една нова история на БКП
311
The Power Structures of the Bulgarian Communist Party
(1944-1989)
(Abstract). Alexander Vezenkov
320
The Power Structures of the Bulgarian
Communist Party
(1944-1989)
(Abstract)
Alexander Vezenkov
The present book consists of four different studies dealing with the institu¬
tional history of the communist regime in Bulgaria. Based on archival documents,
they present the organizational structure and the functioning of the Communist Party
and its leadership, as well as how the party controlled the state institutions and the
mass organizations.
The first study ("The Nomenklatura of Cadres") presents the nomenklatura
as a key element of the political system of communist regimes. The term nomen¬
klatura is widely and somewhat imprecisely used to designate the elite during the
communist period. The fact that there was a privileged elite is beyond question,
but the popular view of the nomenklatura as elite is in need of revision. The word
nomenklatura literally means a list of names, in the administrative sphere, it usually
refers to a totality of positions whose holders are appointed, controlled, transferred or
dismissed by a specific body. Appointments to and dismissals from all leading posi¬
tions in the state, as well the so-called mass organizations, were under the ultimate
control of the Communist Party. In the framework of the party itself, the leadership
closely controlled the lower levels. Through the right to appoint and dismiss leading
cadres, control over the whole of society was concentrated in the hands of those who
were leading the Communist Party.
There is already a large range of existing studies dealing with the nomen¬
klatura system. Studies based on archival evidence were published on nomenklatura
in the GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and the USSR, many of
which include the original lists. This study goes further in that direction by looking
at an unresearched case. It is based on archival material from the Central Committee
of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The lists of nomenklatura cadres for the party
bodies that have the right to manage cadres (nearly all the lists concerning the no¬
menklatura of the Central Committee and many other lists for the lower levels) were
consulted. The lists of the cadres' nomenklatura of the Central Committee of the
BCP from June
1945,
January
1947,1950
and December
1974
are in the appendix. In
order to examine how the rules were implemented into practice, a large number of
decisions on appointments and dismissals were also examined. These include deci¬
sions taken by the leading party bodies and other institutions which serve only to
320
repeat a previous decision by a party body. For comparative purposes, nomenklatura
lists as well as other relevant documents from the archives of the central committees
of the ruling parties in Romania, Hungary and the former GDR were used.
The second study ("The Top of the Pyramid: the Leadership of the Bulgar¬
ian Communist Party") goes further and presents the top of the party hierarchy, i.e.
the Politburo and the Secretariat of the Central Committee. It is neither by omission
nor by mistake that the members of these two highest bodies of the Communist Party
leadership are not listed among nomenklatura cadres
-
they were above the nomen¬
klatura.
After presenting the changing composition of the Politburo and the Sec¬
retariat of the Central Committee as collective leading bodies, this chapter focuses
also on the specific functions of their individual members. Some of the Politburo
members hold key positions in the state administration, most often as government
members. The Secretaries (including those who were also members of the Politburo)
used to lead the party apparatus, usually controlling several departments of the Cen¬
tral Committee apparatus. They were responsible for examining the proposals in the
respective domains before submitting them to the Politburo or the Secretariat. Thus
secretaries played a decisive role for the policy in the spheres they were responsible
for, even in the cases when the decisions were made by the Politburo. Insightful
in this regard are the decisions defining the domains of competence of the Central
Committee secretaries (and in some cases also of the members of the Politburo). The
texts of the respective decisions from November
1945,
December
1947,
September
1949,
January
1950,
November
1950,
January
1952,
March
1954,
April
1956,
July
1957,
June
1958,
December
1959,
November
1966,
December
1968,
April
1971,
Oc¬
tober
1979
and Mai
1984
are included in the appendix.
Finally, this study focuses on the power mechanisms used by the undisputed
leader of the regime
-
the secretary general (or the first secretary) of the Communist
Party. For long periods the party leader assumed also leading functions in the state
institutions as prime minister and after
1971
as head of the Council of State. But what
is far more important is the fact that he used to lead the Central Committee appara¬
tus and therefore he could control the elaboration of all proposals for decisions by
the Politburo and the Secretariat. Special attention is paid to the deputy of the party
leader
-
a member of the Politburo and the Secretariat of the Central Committee, as¬
signed to coordinate the work of the Secretariat.
The third study ("The Head of State Institution in Communist Bulgaria") de¬
scribes how after the Soviet model, the functions of the Head of State were exercised
by collective bodies: the Presidium of the National Assembly (in accordance with the
Constitution of
1947)
and the Council of State (in accordance with the one of
1971).
321
Therefore, it would be incorrect the chairman of those bodies to be indicated as a
Head of State as often has happened. Constitutionally, this collective body had the
prerogatives of the Head of State, but also most of the prerogatives of the assembly
between its sessions. At the same time, it was not a collective Head of State
stricto
sensu
(or "collective president" as it is often called), but a body fully dependent on
the assembly
de
jure and on the party leadership
defacto.
The comparison with the other socialist countries shows that the changes in
the Head of State institution in Bulgaria both in the constitutional and personal as¬
pect were a result of some tendencies common to all these states. At the same time a
few differences can be outlined. The rapid imposition of a collective body replacing
the Head of State in Bulgaria was a sign of the speed with which the Soviet politi¬
cal model in general was imposed on the country. Accordingly, the preservation of
the collective character of the institution throughout the whole socialist period was
indicative for the steady adherence to that model in contrast to states like Yugoslavia
and Romania that had taken the road of national communism. Still, with the adop¬
tion of the constitution from
1971
some changes were made in Bulgaria, too, that led
to extending the authority and prestige
ofthat
body and hence, of its new chairman.
That was the moment when the leader of the regime, Todor Zhivkov, assumed that
post. Although according to the constitution he was only the first among equals in a
collective body, the propaganda presented him as Head of the State.
The forth study ("The Network of 'Mass and Social Organizations' of the
BCP") presents the role of the mass organizations in the communist political system.
The topic is usually disregarded, because these organizations were not independent
bodies and in fact only executed the orders coming from the Communist Party lead¬
ership. Taking a different perspective, this study examines how the party controlled
these organizations and used them to promote its own policy. Even before coming
into power, the Communist Party created its own mass organizations (youth unions,
syndicates, etc), infiltrated its members in some of the existing ones, and after the
takeover in
1944
it gradually put under control all other existing mass and social
organizations. The mechanisms of party control over these organizations during the
communist period are briefly examined. The study also presents the specific func¬
tions of the different mass and social organizations, underlining the importance of
the Communist Youth Union in the self-reproduction of the regime. It played key
role not only in the indoctrination of young people but also in the formation of new
generations of party apparatchiks.
The last concluding text ("For a New History of the Bulgarian Communist
Party") is a critical survey of the publications on political and institutional history on
the communist regime in Bulgaria. These studies usually deal with the state institu-
322
tions
and mostly with the government, which is inadequate for the communist model,
where the decision-making center is the party leadership. On the contrary, the history
of the Communist Party is not considered a legitimate object of research. Still the
studies in this book, and especially the one on the nomenklatura system, clearly show
that contrary to many other
clichés,
"the leading role of the party" in communist
countries was not an empty phrase. Everything was under the ultimate control of the
ruling party ant therefore it is misleading to focus studies on state institutions, even
when talking about the State Security. What is needed in the first place is a detailed
analysis of the history of the Communist Party itself.
323 |
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| spelling | Vezenkov, Aleksandăr 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1042681171 aut Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 Aleksandăr Vezenkov 1. izd. Sofija Inst. za Uzučavane na Blizkoto Minalo 2008 323 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Poredica Minalo nesvăršeno In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The power structures of the Bulgarian Communist Party 978-954-28-0197-9 Bălgarska komunističeska partija (DE-588)2006180-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1944-1989 gnd rswk-swf Machtgruppe (DE-588)4168424-2 gnd rswk-swf Parteipolitik (DE-588)4136757-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Bălgarska komunističeska partija (DE-588)2006180-8 b Parteipolitik (DE-588)4136757-1 s Machtgruppe (DE-588)4168424-2 s Geschichte 1944-1989 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507258&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507258&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Vezenkov, Aleksandăr 20./21. Jh Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 Bălgarska komunističeska partija (DE-588)2006180-8 gnd Machtgruppe (DE-588)4168424-2 gnd Parteipolitik (DE-588)4136757-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2006180-8 (DE-588)4168424-2 (DE-588)4136757-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 |
| title_auth | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 |
| title_full | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 Aleksandăr Vezenkov |
| title_fullStr | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 Aleksandăr Vezenkov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija 1944 - 1989 Aleksandăr Vezenkov |
| title_short | Vlastovite strukturi na Bălgarskata Komunističeska Partija |
| title_sort | vlastovite strukturi na balgarskata komunisticeska partija 1944 1989 |
| title_sub | 1944 - 1989 |
| topic | Bălgarska komunističeska partija (DE-588)2006180-8 gnd Machtgruppe (DE-588)4168424-2 gnd Parteipolitik (DE-588)4136757-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bălgarska komunističeska partija Machtgruppe Parteipolitik Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507258&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507258&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vezenkovaleksandar vlastovitestrukturinabalgarskatakomunisticeskapartija19441989 |