Przekształcenia i struktura: wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
Veröffentlicht: |
Siedlce
Siedleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe
2008
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Transformations and the structure |
Beschreibung: | 49 S. 25 cm |
Internformat
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648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Organic / History / 19th century | |
650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Organic |x History |y 19th century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804137662350622720 |
---|---|
adam_text | Spis
tresei
I.
Wstęp
9
II.
Życiorysy wczesnych i wybitnych chemików organików
14
1.
Friedrich
Wöhler (1800-1882) 14
2.
Baron
Justus
von Liebig (1803-1873) 16
3. Auguste Laurent (1807-1853) 20
4.
Nikołaj Nikołajewicz Zinin
(1812-1880) 21
5. 5. Charles
Frédéric
Gerhardt (1816-1856) 22
6. Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) 23
I. August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) 24
8. Adolf Wilhelm HermannKolbe (1818-1884) 25
9. Alexander William
Williamson
(1824-1904) 28
10. Sir Edward Frankland (1825-1899) 29
II.
Aleksandr Michajłowicz Butlerow
(1828-1886) 29
12. Friedrich August
Kekulé
von Stradonitz (1829-1896) 30
13.
Archibald
Scott Couper (1831-1892) 32
14. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) 32
15. Sir William Henry Perkin (1838-1907) 33
16. Joseph
Achille Le Bel
(1847-1930) 34
17.
Jacobus Henricus van t
Hoff (1852-1911) 35
18.
Emil
Hermann Fischer
(1852-1919) 37
III. Odkrycia ważniejszych związków organicznych
39
IV.
Technika pracy w laboratorium
41
V.
Podsumowanie
43
VI.
Literatura 45
VII.
Cytowania w tekście
46
VIII.
Streszczenie angielskie
47
IX.
Wczesne odkrycia związków organicznych (Tabela
1) 49
Transformations
and the structure: an early organic
chemistry, its founders, discoveries and instruments
Abstract
The textbook describes the early development of organic chemistry from
the beginning of the nineteenth century to its middle years. During this
half-a-century period the most of simple organic compounds, like
benzene, naphthalene, acetic acid, methane, etc. were either isolated or
synthesized. Electrochemistry played an important role in the
development of organic chemistry of this period, because it supplied the
active reagents, like the elements chlorine and sodium, for simple
synthetic reactions, like the reaction of chlorination, the formation of
mixed ethers {Williamson ether synthesis) or the formation of long chain
aliphatic hydrocarbons (Wurtz reaction). Also electrolysis was directly
employed for the doubling of the carbon chain of aliphatic hydrocarbons
by electrolytic decomposition of salts of aliphatic acids
{Kolbe
reaction).
The development of organic chemistry in the first half of the nineteenth
century from the chemistry of animal and plant materials, which existed
earlier, was mainly due to the work of a number of prominent chemists,
including: the German chemists:
Friedrich
Wöhler (1800-1884),
Baron
Justus
von Liebig (1803-1873),
August
Wilhelm von
Hofmann
(1818-
1892), Adolf
Wilhelm
Hermann
Kolbe
(1818-1884), Friedrich
August
Kekulé
von Stradonitz (1829-1896), Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
Baeyer (1835-1917) and Hermann Emil Fischer (1852-1919),
the French
chemists:
Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884), Auguste Laurent (1807-
1853), Charles
Frédéric
Gerhardt (1816-1856) and Joseph
Achille Le Bel
(1847-1930),
the English chemists: Alexander William Williamson
(1824-1904),
Sir Edward
Frankland (1825-1899)
and Sir William Henry
Perkin
(1838-1907),
the Scottish chemist: Archibald Scott
Couper
(1831-
1892),
the Russian chemists: Nikolai
N.
Zinin
(1812-1880)
and
Alexandr
Michajlowicz Butlerow
(1829-1886)
and the Dutch chemist Jacobus
Henricus van t
Hoff (1852-1911),
whose careers are described. There was
much of educational and research interaction among the early prominent
organic chemists, which was a very different attitude to that of the earlier
47
inorganic chemists, whose work was often surrounded by a secrecy, in
accordance with the even earlier habits of the alchemists. Of tremendous
significance was the establishment of the chemical school of Baron
Justus
von Liebig,
which comprised the obligatory practical laboratory
education. This school, besides training hundreds of chemists, many of
them from outside of Germany, set high standards of the chemical
education including laboratory, attracted many students from Germany
and abroad, and became world-known and famous. The early
development of organic chemistry helped to establish the theory of
chemistry by leading to the proper structural formulas of organic
compounds, the notions of isomerism, stereochemistry and optical
activity, valency and multiple bond. The early development of organic
chemistry soon followed by the syntheses by Sir William Henry Perkin of
industrially valuable compounds, like the first artificial purple dye
mauveine
(1856)
and the first artificial scent substance coumarin
(1874),
which started, respectively, the synthetic dye and perfume industries. It is
characteristic that the two fundamental organic compounds, namely
methane and benzene, were discovered by two physicists famous due to
their work with electricity, respectively,
Volta
and Faraday. Also the first
application by
Kolbe
of electrolysis for preparation of compounds helped
to establish important structural ideas in organic chemistry.
48
|
adam_txt |
Spis
tresei
I.
Wstęp
9
II.
Życiorysy wczesnych i wybitnych chemików organików
14
1.
Friedrich
Wöhler (1800-1882) 14
2.
Baron
Justus
von Liebig (1803-1873) 16
3. Auguste Laurent (1807-1853) 20
4.
Nikołaj Nikołajewicz Zinin
(1812-1880) 21
5. 5. Charles
Frédéric
Gerhardt (1816-1856) 22
6. Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) 23
I. August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) 24
8. Adolf Wilhelm HermannKolbe (1818-1884) 25
9. Alexander William
Williamson
(1824-1904) 28
10. Sir Edward Frankland (1825-1899) 29
II.
Aleksandr Michajłowicz Butlerow
(1828-1886) 29
12. Friedrich August
Kekulé
von Stradonitz (1829-1896) 30
13.
Archibald
Scott Couper (1831-1892) 32
14. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) 32
15. Sir William Henry Perkin (1838-1907) 33
16. Joseph
Achille Le Bel
(1847-1930) 34
17.
Jacobus Henricus van't
Hoff (1852-1911) 35
18.
Emil
Hermann Fischer
(1852-1919) 37
III. Odkrycia ważniejszych związków organicznych
39
IV.
Technika pracy w laboratorium
41
V.
Podsumowanie
43
VI.
Literatura 45
VII.
Cytowania w tekście
46
VIII.
Streszczenie angielskie
47
IX.
Wczesne odkrycia związków organicznych (Tabela
1) 49
Transformations
and the structure: an early organic
chemistry, its founders, discoveries and instruments
Abstract
The textbook describes the early development of organic chemistry from
the beginning of the nineteenth century to its middle years. During this
half-a-century period the most of simple organic compounds, like
benzene, naphthalene, acetic acid, methane, etc. were either isolated or
synthesized. Electrochemistry played an important role in the
development of organic chemistry of this period, because it supplied the
active reagents, like the elements chlorine and sodium, for simple
synthetic reactions, like the reaction of chlorination, the formation of
mixed ethers {Williamson ether synthesis) or the formation of long chain
aliphatic hydrocarbons (Wurtz reaction). Also electrolysis was directly
employed for the doubling of the carbon chain of aliphatic hydrocarbons
by electrolytic decomposition of salts of aliphatic acids
{Kolbe
reaction).
The development of organic chemistry in the first half of the nineteenth
century from the chemistry of animal and plant materials, which existed
earlier, was mainly due to the work of a number of prominent chemists,
including: the German chemists:
Friedrich
Wöhler (1800-1884),
Baron
Justus
von Liebig (1803-1873),
August
Wilhelm von
Hofmann
(1818-
1892), Adolf
Wilhelm
Hermann
Kolbe
(1818-1884), Friedrich
August
Kekulé
von Stradonitz (1829-1896), Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
Baeyer (1835-1917) and Hermann Emil Fischer (1852-1919),
the French
chemists:
Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884), Auguste Laurent (1807-
1853), Charles
Frédéric
Gerhardt (1816-1856) and Joseph
Achille Le Bel
(1847-1930),
the English chemists: Alexander William Williamson
(1824-1904),
Sir Edward
Frankland (1825-1899)
and Sir William Henry
Perkin
(1838-1907),
the Scottish chemist: Archibald Scott
Couper
(1831-
1892),
the Russian chemists: Nikolai
N.
Zinin
(1812-1880)
and
Alexandr
Michajlowicz Butlerow
(1829-1886)
and the Dutch chemist Jacobus
Henricus van't
Hoff (1852-1911),
whose careers are described. There was
much of educational and research interaction among the early prominent
organic chemists, which was a very different attitude to that of the earlier
47
inorganic chemists, whose work was often surrounded by a secrecy, in
accordance with the even earlier habits of the alchemists. Of tremendous
significance was the establishment of the chemical school of Baron
Justus
von Liebig,
which comprised the obligatory practical laboratory
education. This school, besides training hundreds of chemists, many of
them from outside of Germany, set high standards of the chemical
education including laboratory, attracted many students from Germany
and abroad, and became world-known and famous. The early
development of organic chemistry helped to establish the theory of
chemistry by leading to the proper structural formulas of organic
compounds, the notions of isomerism, stereochemistry and optical
activity, valency and multiple bond. The early development of organic
chemistry soon followed by the syntheses by Sir William Henry Perkin of
industrially valuable compounds, like the first artificial purple dye
mauveine
(1856)
and the first artificial scent substance coumarin
(1874),
which started, respectively, the synthetic dye and perfume industries. It is
characteristic that the two fundamental organic compounds, namely
methane and benzene, were discovered by two physicists famous due to
their work with electricity, respectively,
Volta
and Faraday. Also the first
application by
Kolbe
of electrolysis for preparation of compounds helped
to establish important structural ideas in organic chemistry.
48 |
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spelling | Sioda, Roman Edmund Verfasser aut Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty Roman Edmund Sioda Siedlce Siedleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe 2008 49 S. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Transformations and the structure Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd rswk-swf Chemistry, Organic / History / 19th century Geschichte Chemistry, Organic History 19th century Organische Chemie (DE-588)4043793-0 gnd rswk-swf Organische Chemie (DE-588)4043793-0 s Geschichte 1800-1900 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016506845&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016506845&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Sioda, Roman Edmund Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty Chemistry, Organic / History / 19th century Geschichte Chemistry, Organic History 19th century Organische Chemie (DE-588)4043793-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4043793-0 |
title | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty |
title_auth | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty |
title_exact_search | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty |
title_exact_search_txtP | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty |
title_full | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty Roman Edmund Sioda |
title_fullStr | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty Roman Edmund Sioda |
title_full_unstemmed | Przekształcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty Roman Edmund Sioda |
title_short | Przekształcenia i struktura |
title_sort | przeksztalcenia i struktura wczesna chemia organiczna jej tworcy odkrycia i instrumenty |
title_sub | wczesna chemia organiczna, jej twórcy, odkrycia i instrumenty |
topic | Chemistry, Organic / History / 19th century Geschichte Chemistry, Organic History 19th century Organische Chemie (DE-588)4043793-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Chemistry, Organic / History / 19th century Geschichte Chemistry, Organic History 19th century Organische Chemie |
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