Verfügbarkeit: Relativity, astrophysics and cosmology

Relativity, astrophysics and cosmology: 2

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Belusević, Radoje 1953- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Weinheim Wiley-VCH (2008)
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XIX S., S. 539 - 1097 Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	XIII Volume II 4 Stellar Structure and Evolution 539 4.1 Stars and Star Clusters 539 4.1.1 General Properties of Main-sequence Stars 539 4.1.2 Stellar Atmospheres and Spectra 549 4.1.3 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 552 4.1.4 Star Clusters 554 4.2 Thermonuclear Fusion in Stars 557 4.2.1 The Physics of Nuclear Fusion 559 4.2.2 Cross-section and Reaction Rate 562 4.2.3 Barrier Penetration 565 4.2.4 Thermonuclear Fusion Rates 567 4.2.5 Hydrogen Burning 570 4.2.6 Solar Neutrinos 576 4.2.7 Helium Burning 587 4.2.8 Advanced Burning Stages 591 4.2.9 Neutrino Emission by Hot Stars 595 4.3 Heat Transfer in Stars 597 4.3.1 Heat Transfer by Random Motion 597 4.3.2 Sources of Radiative Opacity 601 4.3.3 Heat Transfer by Convection 603 4.4 Stellar Structure 606 4.4.1 The Clayton Model 606 4.4.2 The Polytropic Model 610 4 A3 White Dwarfs 616 4.4.4 Cooling of White Dwarfs 621 4.5 Stellar Evolution Beyond the Main Sequence 62a 4.5.1 Evolution of 1ΜΘ Stars 625 4.5.2 Evolution of 5MS Stars 628 4.5.3 Evolution of 25M© Stars 631 4.5 A Core Collapse and Supernova Explosion 633 4.5.5 Supernova 1987A 638 4.5.6 Neutron Stars 643 Bibliography 653 5 Astrophysical Implications of General Relativity 655 5.1 Experimental Tests of General Relativity 655 5.2 The Schwarzschild Metric 661 5.2.1 Birkhoff's Theorem 665 5.2.2 The Schwarzschild Solution 666 5.3 Perihelion Advance 667 XIV 5.4 Deflection of Light in Weak Fields 673 5.5 Radar Echo Delay 675 5.6 The Eötvös Experiment 677 5.7 Spin Precession in a Gravitational Field 681 5.7.1 * Fermi-Walker Transport 684 5.7.2 * Geodetic Precession 685 5.8 Field Equations for Stellar Structure 689 5.8.1 Buchdahl's Theorem 692 5.9 Black Holes and Gravitational Collapse 694 5.9.1 Evolution of the Black Hole Idea 694 5.9.2 Schwarzschild Black Holes 696 5.9.3 Eddington-Finkelstein Coordinates 699 5.9.4 Gravitational Collapse 702 5.9.5 Geodesic Motion and Black Hole Accretion 703 5.9.6 Rotating (Kerr) Black Holes 706 5.9.7 Kerr Horizons and Ergosphere 709 5.9.8 Dragging of Inerţial Frames 711 5.9.9 Thermodynamics of Black Holes 714 5.9.10 Hawking Radiation 718 5.9.11 Observational Evidence for Black Holes 720 5.9.12 Cygnus X-l 724 5.9.13 Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei 727 5.10 Gravitational Radiation 733 5.10.1 The Linearized Theory of Gravity 735 5.10.2 Gauge Freedom in General Relativity 740 5.10.3 Plane-wave Solutions 742 5.10.4 The Effect of Gravitational Waves on Free Particles 747 5.10.5 The Energy-Momentum Pseudotensor 751 5.10.6 Emission of Gravitational Radiation 756 5.10.7 Radiation from a Binary Star System 762 5.10.8 The Binary Pulsar PSR 1913+16 769 5.10.9 Gravitational Waves from Collisions 779 5.10.10 Gravitational Waves from Spinning Masses 782 5.10.11 Sources and Detectors of Gravitational Waves 784 5.11 The Post-Newtonian Approximation 800 5.11.1 Field Equations in the PN Approximation 801 5.11.2 Gauge Conditions and Conservation Laws 809 5.11.3 Particles and Photons in a Post-Newtonian Field 810 5.11.4 Asymptotic Fields 812 5.11.5 Gravitomagnetism 815 5.11.6 * Orbiting Gyroscope in the PN Approximation 819 5.11.7 The Geodetic and Lense-Thirring Effects S22 XV 5.12 * Symmetries (Isometries) of a Metric 825 5.12.1 Killing Vectors and the Lie Derivative 826 5.12.2 Stationary and Static Metrics 832 5.12.3 Maximally Symmetric Spaces 835 5.12.4 Gaussian Curvature and Theorema Egregium 839 5.13 * The Weyl Conformai Tensor 842 Bibliography 846 A Physical Units and Maxwell's Electrodynamics 849 A.I The Natural System of Units 850 A.2 Units in Electromagnetic Theory 851 A.3 Miscellaneous Units 854 A.4 Maxwell's Equations 856 A.5 The Lorentz Force 862 A.6 The Electromagnetic Field Tensor 863 A. 7 Co variance of Maxwell's Theory 868 A. 8 Gauge Invariance of Electrodynamics 871 A.9 The Angular Momentum of Light 874 A.10 The Electromagnetic Stress Tensor 878 A. 11 Poynting's Theorem 881 A. 12 Plane Electromagnetic Waves 884 A.13 The Electromagnetic Stress-Energy-Momentum Tensor 887 A.14 Invariants of the Electromagnetic Field 891 A. 15 Electromagnetic Energy-Momentum Four-Vector 893 A. 16 Compton Scattering 897 A.17 Lagrangian Field Theory 900 A.18 Symmetries and Conservation Laws in Electrodynamics 906 A.19 Covariant Form of Integral Conservation Laws 910 A.20 Liénard-Wiechert Potentials 916 A.21 Electromagnetic Fields of a Point Charge 929 A.22 Radiation by Moving Charges 922 A.22.1 The velocity and acceleration are parallel {ß\\ß) 923 A.22.2 The acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity (jSJ-jS) 924 A.23 Relativistic Generalization of Larmor's Formula 925 A.24 Synchrotron Radiation 929 A.25 Astronomical Sources of Synchrotron Radiation 934 A.26 Inverse Compton Scattering 938 A.27 Green's Functions and Retarded Potentials 942 A.28 Radiation from a Localized Source 945 A.29 Pulsar Spin-down 950 Bibliography 952 XVI В Fundamentals of Elementary Particle Physics 953 B.I The Standard Model 953 B.2 Electromagnetic Interactions 960 B.3 Strong Interactions 967 B.4 Weak Interactions 970 B.5 The Electroweak Connection 974 B.6 The Dirac Equation and its Implications 981 B.7 Gauge Field Theory 1008 Bibliography 1022 С Elements of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1023 C.I The Boltzmann Distribution 1023 C.2 Blackbody Radiation 1027 C.3 The Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Distributions 1032 C.4 Ideal Gas Law and Maxwell's Velocity Distribution 1037 C.5 Conservation of Entropy 1040 C.6 The Physical Meaning of Entropy 1042 C.7 The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1044 C.8 The Chemical Potential 1045 C.9 Heat Capacity 1047 CIO Adiabatic Expansion 1047 C.ll Degenerate Fermion Systems 1049 C.12 Ideal Electron Gas at Zero Temperature 1053 Bibliography 1055 D The Saha Equation 1057 E Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium 1059 F Liouville's Theorem and the Boltzmann Equation 1061 G Selected Integrals in Statistical Physics 1063 H Newtonian Gravity 1071 Index 1083 Sections indicated by an asterisk (*) lie somewhat out of the main line of presentation, and may be omitted in a first reading.
adam_txt	XIII Volume II 4 Stellar Structure and Evolution 539 4.1 Stars and Star Clusters 539 4.1.1 General Properties of Main-sequence Stars 539 4.1.2 Stellar Atmospheres and Spectra 549 4.1.3 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 552 4.1.4 Star Clusters 554 4.2 Thermonuclear Fusion in Stars 557 4.2.1 The Physics of Nuclear Fusion 559 4.2.2 Cross-section and Reaction Rate 562 4.2.3 Barrier Penetration 565 4.2.4 Thermonuclear Fusion Rates 567 4.2.5 Hydrogen Burning 570 4.2.6 Solar Neutrinos 576 4.2.7 Helium Burning 587 4.2.8 Advanced Burning Stages 591 4.2.9 Neutrino Emission by Hot Stars 595 4.3 Heat Transfer in Stars 597 4.3.1 Heat Transfer by Random Motion 597 4.3.2 Sources of Radiative Opacity 601 4.3.3 Heat Transfer by Convection 603 4.4 Stellar Structure 606 4.4.1 The Clayton Model 606 4.4.2 The Polytropic Model 610 4 A3 White Dwarfs 616 4.4.4 Cooling of White Dwarfs 621 4.5 Stellar Evolution Beyond the Main Sequence 62a 4.5.1 Evolution of 1ΜΘ Stars 625 4.5.2 Evolution of 5MS Stars 628 4.5.3 Evolution of 25M© Stars 631 4.5 A Core Collapse and Supernova Explosion 633 4.5.5 Supernova 1987A 638 4.5.6 Neutron Stars 643 Bibliography 653 5 Astrophysical Implications of General Relativity 655 5.1 Experimental Tests of General Relativity 655 5.2 The Schwarzschild Metric 661 5.2.1 Birkhoff's Theorem 665 5.2.2 The Schwarzschild Solution 666 5.3 Perihelion Advance 667 XIV 5.4 Deflection of Light in Weak Fields 673 5.5 Radar Echo Delay 675 5.6 The Eötvös Experiment 677 5.7 Spin Precession in a Gravitational Field 681 5.7.1 * Fermi-Walker Transport 684 5.7.2 * Geodetic Precession 685 5.8 Field Equations for Stellar Structure 689 5.8.1 Buchdahl's Theorem 692 5.9 Black Holes and Gravitational Collapse 694 5.9.1 Evolution of the Black Hole Idea 694 5.9.2 Schwarzschild Black Holes 696 5.9.3 Eddington-Finkelstein Coordinates 699 5.9.4 Gravitational Collapse 702 5.9.5 Geodesic Motion and Black Hole Accretion 703 5.9.6 Rotating (Kerr) Black Holes 706 5.9.7 Kerr Horizons and Ergosphere 709 5.9.8 Dragging of Inerţial Frames 711 5.9.9 Thermodynamics of Black Holes 714 5.9.10 Hawking Radiation 718 5.9.11 Observational Evidence for Black Holes 720 5.9.12 Cygnus X-l 724 5.9.13 Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei 727 5.10 Gravitational Radiation 733 5.10.1 The Linearized Theory of Gravity 735 5.10.2 Gauge Freedom in General Relativity 740 5.10.3 Plane-wave Solutions 742 5.10.4 The Effect of Gravitational Waves on Free Particles 747 5.10.5 The Energy-Momentum Pseudotensor 751 5.10.6 Emission of Gravitational Radiation 756 5.10.7 Radiation from a Binary Star System 762 5.10.8 The Binary Pulsar PSR 1913+16 769 5.10.9 Gravitational Waves from Collisions 779 5.10.10 Gravitational Waves from Spinning Masses 782 5.10.11 Sources and Detectors of Gravitational Waves 784 5.11 The Post-Newtonian Approximation 800 5.11.1 Field Equations in the PN Approximation 801 5.11.2 Gauge Conditions and Conservation Laws 809 5.11.3 Particles and Photons in a Post-Newtonian Field 810 5.11.4 Asymptotic Fields 812 5.11.5 Gravitomagnetism 815 5.11.6 * Orbiting Gyroscope in the PN Approximation 819 5.11.7 The Geodetic and Lense-Thirring Effects S22 XV 5.12 * Symmetries (Isometries) of a Metric 825 5.12.1 Killing Vectors and the Lie Derivative 826 5.12.2 Stationary and Static Metrics 832 5.12.3 Maximally Symmetric Spaces 835 5.12.4 Gaussian Curvature and Theorema Egregium 839 5.13 * The Weyl Conformai Tensor 842 Bibliography 846 A Physical Units and Maxwell's Electrodynamics 849 A.I The Natural System of Units 850 A.2 Units in Electromagnetic Theory 851 A.3 Miscellaneous Units 854 A.4 Maxwell's Equations 856 A.5 The Lorentz Force 862 A.6 The Electromagnetic Field Tensor 863 A. 7 Co variance of Maxwell's Theory 868 A. 8 Gauge Invariance of Electrodynamics 871 A.9 The Angular Momentum of Light 874 A.10 The Electromagnetic Stress Tensor 878 A. 11 Poynting's Theorem 881 A. 12 Plane Electromagnetic Waves 884 A.13 The Electromagnetic Stress-Energy-Momentum Tensor 887 A.14 Invariants of the Electromagnetic Field 891 A. 15 Electromagnetic Energy-Momentum Four-Vector 893 A. 16 Compton Scattering 897 A.17 Lagrangian Field Theory 900 A.18 Symmetries and Conservation Laws in Electrodynamics 906 A.19 Covariant Form of Integral Conservation Laws 910 A.20 Liénard-Wiechert Potentials 916 A.21 Electromagnetic Fields of a Point Charge 929 A.22 Radiation by Moving Charges 922 A.22.1 The velocity and acceleration are parallel {ß\\ß) 923 A.22.2 The acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity (jSJ-jS) 924 A.23 Relativistic Generalization of Larmor's Formula 925 A.24 Synchrotron Radiation 929 A.25 Astronomical Sources of Synchrotron Radiation 934 A.26 Inverse Compton Scattering 938 A.27 Green's Functions and Retarded Potentials 942 A.28 Radiation from a Localized Source 945 A.29 Pulsar Spin-down 950 Bibliography 952 XVI В Fundamentals of Elementary Particle Physics 953 B.I The Standard Model 953 B.2 Electromagnetic Interactions 960 B.3 Strong Interactions 967 B.4 Weak Interactions 970 B.5 The Electroweak Connection 974 B.6 The Dirac Equation and its Implications 981 B.7 Gauge Field Theory 1008 Bibliography 1022 С Elements of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1023 C.I The Boltzmann Distribution 1023 C.2 Blackbody Radiation 1027 C.3 The Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Distributions 1032 C.4 Ideal Gas Law and Maxwell's Velocity Distribution 1037 C.5 Conservation of Entropy 1040 C.6 The Physical Meaning of Entropy 1042 C.7 The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics 1044 C.8 The Chemical Potential 1045 C.9 Heat Capacity 1047 CIO Adiabatic Expansion 1047 C.ll Degenerate Fermion Systems 1049 C.12 Ideal Electron Gas at Zero Temperature 1053 Bibliography 1055 D The Saha Equation 1057 E Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium 1059 F Liouville's Theorem and the Boltzmann Equation 1061 G Selected Integrals in Statistical Physics 1063 H Newtonian Gravity 1071 Index 1083 Sections indicated by an asterisk (*) lie somewhat out of the main line of presentation, and may be omitted in a first reading.
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